The Effects of Time, Access, and Question Type on Response Accuracy and Frequency of Lookbacks in Older, Proficient Readers

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Alexander ◽  
Victoria Chou Hare ◽  
Ruth Garner
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
Question Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Response Accuracy ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Conditions For Learning ◽  
Unlimited Time

This investigation examined the effects of variation in conditions for learning on lookback use and response accuracy in proficient readers and explored readers' awareness of their strategic behavior. Fifty-two college undergraduates studied a 1300-word expository passage and answered three text-based questions and one reader-based question. Half of the subjects worked under a 10-minute time limit, while the others had unlimited time. For half of the subjects, questions were presented with the passage; for the other half, questions were received after the passage had been studied and turned over. Analysis revealed that subjects who had the questions presented with the text looked back more and responded more accurately than did those receiving questions separately. Time limit did not affect use of lookbacks or accuracy, and subjects looked back for text-based questions only. Based on comparison with observational data, post-task verbal reports were found to be fairly accurate records of lookback use.

scholarly journals A Discontinuity of the Energy of Quantum Walk in Impurities

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1134
Author(s):  
Kenta Higuchi ◽  
Takashi Komatsu ◽  
Norio Konno ◽  
Hisashi Morioka ◽  
Etsuo Segawa
Keyword(s):  
Unit Circle ◽  
Stationary State ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Quantum Walk ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unitary Matrix ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Time Quantum ◽  
Long Time

We consider the discrete-time quantum walk whose local dynamics is denoted by a common unitary matrix C at the perturbed region {0,1,⋯,M−1} and free at the other positions. We obtain the stationary state with a bounded initial state. The initial state is set so that the perturbed region receives the inflow ωn at time n(|ω|=1). From this expression, we compute the scattering on the surface of −1 and M and also compute the quantity how quantum walker accumulates in the perturbed region; namely, the energy of the quantum walk, in the long time limit. The frequency of the initial state of the influence to the energy is symmetric on the unit circle in the complex plain. We find a discontinuity of the energy with respect to the frequency of the inflow.

scholarly journals Star formation histories of resolved galaxies

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (S258) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Monica Tosi
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Stellar Populations ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Significant Rate ◽  
Star Formation Histories

AbstractThe colour-magnitude diagrams of resolved stellar populations are the best tool to study the star formation histories of the host galactic regions. In this review the method to derive star formation histories by means of synthetic colour-magnitude diagrams is briefly outlined, and the results of its application to resolved galaxies of various morphological types are summarized. It is shown that all the galaxies studied so far were already forming stars at the lookback time reached by the observational data, independently of morphological type and metallicity. Early-type galaxies have formed stars predominantly, but in several cases not exclusively, at the earliest epochs. All the other galaxies appear to have experienced rather continuous star formation activities throughout their lifetimes, although with significant rate variations and, sometimes, short quiescent phases.

Envy manifestations and personality disorders

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Habimana ◽  
L. Massé
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Interpersonal Conflicts ◽  
Narcissistic Personality ◽  
Dsm Iv

SummaryPersonality disorders are frequently associated with socially unacceptable behaviours that might not be always considered deviant. On the other hand, envy has been linked with various forms of maladjustment such as interpersonal conflicts, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, aggressiveness, and even criminal behaviour such as vandalism and even murder. According to the DSM-IV, none of the personality disorders, except the narcissistic personality, is formally associated with envy. Nevertheless, this ‘deadly sin’ is so omnipresent in human relationships that it cannot be restricted only to the narcissistic personalities. Most scholars recognise that people would deny that they envy someone else since envy is socially considered as highly undesirable; verbal reports are expected to be biased. To circumvent this difficulty, a projective questionnaire is proposed. We constructed two questionnaires: a direct version (DV) and an indirect version (IV). The sample consisted of 786 students from high school and university. Results suggest that the indirect version provides a more accurate assessment of envy.

Equilibrium points for three games based on the Poisson process

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 627-638
Author(s):  
M. T. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Process ◽  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Transition Matrix ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Player Game

An arbitrary number of competitors are presented with independent Poisson streams of offers consisting of independent and identically distributed random variables having the uniform distribution on [0, 1]. The players each wish to accept a single offer before a known time limit is reached and each aim to maximize the expected value of their offer. Rejected offers may not be recalled, but they are passed on to the other players according to a known transition matrix. This paper finds equilibrium points for two such games, and demonstrates a two-player game with an equilibrium point under which the player with the faster stream of offers has a lower expected reward than his opponent.

Equilibrium points for three games based on the Poisson process

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Process ◽  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Transition Matrix ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Player Game

An arbitrary number of competitors are presented with independent Poisson streams of offers consisting of independent and identically distributed random variables having the uniform distribution on [0, 1]. The players each wish to accept a single offer before a known time limit is reached and each aim to maximize the expected value of their offer. Rejected offers may not be recalled, but they are passed on to the other players according to a known transition matrix. This paper finds equilibrium points for two such games, and demonstrates a two-player game with an equilibrium point under which the player with the faster stream of offers has a lower expected reward than his opponent.

Graph Visualization Styles for Use in Configuration Management: A User Study

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Phelan ◽  
Crystal Wilson ◽  
Joshua D. Summers ◽  
Mary E. Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Change Management ◽  
User Study ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visualization Tool ◽  
Graph Visualization ◽  
Response Accuracy ◽  
Configuration Change ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Different Levels

The purpose of this research is to conduct a user study in order to determine the effect of numerous variables for data representation on the ability to answer questions about the system being represented. This research will be used in the development of a computer-based visualization tool to support configuration change management. The researchers hypothesized that the graph geometry and order of the questions being asked would not affect the results, while the color of the graph and the information being represented would affect the number of correct responses. The results showed an increase in the response accuracy for the answerable questions when the amount of information displayed in the data representation was minimized. On the other hand, none of the other factors showed to have a significant effect on the accuracy of the responses. The most significant limitation in this study was the possibility for different users putting different levels of effort into answering the questions.

scholarly journals Key Issues: A Round Table Discussion

1993 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 776-786
Author(s):  
T.M. Brown ◽  
P. Demarque ◽  
R. Noyes ◽  
F. Praderie ◽  
I.W. Roxburgh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Round Table ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Round Table Discussion ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Table Discussion ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Way

We have taken part to an exceptionally rich colloquium, characterized by a large amount of information in all fields of physics, and a remarkable collection of observational data. Our understanding of what is going on inside the stars has changed in a radical manner during the last years, on one side because the observations are bringing new kinds of information, and on the other side because theory in its development is taking into account a number of processes, some of them having been completely ignored only ten years ago.It is impossible to draw here a complete list of problems. There are many cases where some inconsistency could be found in the theory itself or some contradiction between observational data and theory. I recommended that such a list should be drawn carefully. The participants to the round table discussion will give their contribution, helping to open the way to new fields of research and to new discoveries.

On the Evaluation of Treatments for Narcotics Addiction

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent P. Dole ◽  
Burton Singer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Domain Of Applicability

This study is concerned with the domain of applicability of randomized clinical trials. For evaluation of well-defined treatments of acute diseases over limited periods of time, the randomized trial technique is unquestionably the best. However, in the field of chronic diseases (as illustrated by drug addiction) the physician's responsibility extends over periods of years, and his judgements involve consideration of many contingent factors which vary in the course of the disease. In this domain, randomized clinical trials, however ambitious in design, give only partial guidance. Observational data therefore must be used if treatment is to be optimized for individual patients. Two randomized trials in the treatment of narcotics addiction — one testing methadone and the other naltrexone — are reviewed, with comments on their conclusions and limitations.

Psychiatric and Biochemical Correlates of Respiratory Decompensation in a Terminal and Non-Terminal Chronic Pulmonary Disease Patient

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Dudley ◽  
David Rowlett ◽  
Minoru Masuda ◽  
C. J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lower Blood Pressure ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Catecholamine Excretion ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Dying Patient

A psychiatric and biochemical study was undertaken at the request of two patients who were thought to be terminally ill by the medical staff. One patient accepted dying and expired from her disease. The other patient wished to continue living and did not die. The dying patient exhibited abnormally high levels of catecholamine excretion which were not associated with verbal reports of anxiety or discomfort and did not seem upset or uncomfortable to the physician and nurses caring for her. The patient who lived had relatively low levels of catecholamine excretion and was anxious, irritable and uncomfortable. The behavior of these two patients differed during the period of acute respiratory failure. The dying patient had given up and felt that she was engaging in goal-directed activity which she would or could not shut off. The patient who lived was frightened of dying and felt that she would overcome her current difficulties and that she was not ready or willing to die. The major cardiovascular differences were those of a significantly lower blood pressure and higher heart rate in the patient who died.

Haul-out behaviour of two Ross seals off eastern Antarctica

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
COLIN SOUTHWELL
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Absolute Sense ◽  
Crabeater Seal ◽  
Abundance Estimates ◽  
Antarctic Seals ◽  
Using Data

Accurate assessment of the abundance of pinnipeds from visual surveys requires estimation of both the available (hauled-out) and unavailable (in-water) components of the population (Eberhardt et al. 1979). Continental estimates of the abundance of the four Antarctic seals are based on limited information on haul-out behaviour. In developing continental estimates, Erickson & Hanson (1990) corrected visual surveys of the hauled-out component of the species' populations using data from observational studies of haulout behaviour by Erickson et al. (1989). Erickson & Hanson (1990) point out that, because the observational studies did not account for an unknown fraction of seals that remained in the water during the peak haul-out period, their abundance estimates are minimum values. Further, Erickson & Hanson (1990) corrected the visual surveys for all four species using haul-out data for the crabeater seal only, as observational data for the other species were not available. This assumes that haul-out patterns are constant across species, which is largely untested. Consequently, there is potential for bias, in both a relative and absolute sense, in the estimated abundance of Antarctic seals.

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