Overnight Consolidation of Speech Sounds Predicts Decoding Ability in Skilled Adult Readers

In transparent alphabetic languages, the expected standard for complete acquisition of letter–speech sound associations is within one year of reading instruction. The neural mechanisms underlying the acquisition of letter–speech sound associations have, however, hardly been investigated. The present article describes an ERP study with beginner and advanced readers in which the influence of letters on speech sound processing is investigated by comparing the MMN to speech sounds presented in isolation with the MMN to speech sounds accompanied by letters. Furthermore, SOA between letter and speech sound presentation was manipulated in order to investigate the development of the temporal window of integration for letter–speech sound processing. Beginner readers, despite one year of reading instruction, showed no early letter–speech sound integration, that is, no influence of the letter on the evocation of the MMN to the speech sound. Only later in the difference wave, at 650 msec, was an influence of the letter on speech sound processing revealed. Advanced readers, with 4 years of reading instruction, showed early and automatic letter–speech sound processing as revealed by an enhancement of the MMN amplitude, however, at a different temporal window of integration in comparison with experienced adult readers. The present results indicate a transition from mere association in beginner readers to more automatic, but still not “adult-like,” integration in advanced readers. In contrast to general assumptions, the present study provides evidence for an extended development of letter–speech sound integration.

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Editorial Note

Journal of Speech Disorders ◽

10.1044/jshd.1101.02 ◽

1946 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 2-2

Keyword(s):

Editorial Note ◽

Speech Sounds ◽

Left Hand ◽

Hand Column ◽

Right Hand ◽

Infant Speech ◽

The Right

In the article “Infant Speech Sounds and Intelligence” by Orvis C. Irwin and Han Piao Chen, in the December 1945 issue of the Journal, the paragraph which begins at the bottom of the left hand column on page 295 should have been placed immediately below the first paragraph at the top of the right hand column on page 296. To the authors we express our sincere apologies.

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Distributional Learning in Categorization of Speech and Non-Speech Sounds

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e502412013-422 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Megan M. Kittleson ◽

Jessamyn Schertz ◽

Randy Diehl ◽

Andrew J. Lotto

Keyword(s):

Speech Sounds ◽

Distributional Learning

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Effects of Intervocalic Cluster Reduction and Sonority Within Syllabic Boundary in French Adult Readers

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e512682013-662 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Norbert Maionchi-Pino ◽

Bruno De Cara ◽

Annie Magnan ◽

Jean Ecalle

Keyword(s):

Adult Readers ◽

Cluster Reduction

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Neurophysiological basis of discrimination of speech sounds

International Journal of Audiology ◽

10.3109/00206097809080026 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aage Møller

Keyword(s):

Speech Sounds ◽

Neurophysiological Basis

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Easy Screening for Mild Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment from Elderly Speech

Current Alzheimer Research ◽

10.2174/1567205014666171120144343 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 104-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shohei Kato ◽

Akira Homma ◽

Takuto Sakuma

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Speech Sound ◽

The Elderly ◽

Speech Sounds ◽

Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients

Objective: This study presents a novel approach for early detection of cognitive impairment in the elderly. The approach incorporates the use of speech sound analysis, multivariate statistics, and data-mining techniques. We have developed a speech prosody-based cognitive impairment rating (SPCIR) that can distinguish between cognitively normal controls and elderly people with mild Alzheimer's disease (mAD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using prosodic signals extracted from elderly speech while administering a questionnaire. Two hundred and seventy-three Japanese subjects (73 males and 200 females between the ages of 65 and 96) participated in this study. The authors collected speech sounds from segments of dialogue during a revised Hasegawa's dementia scale (HDS-R) examination and talking about topics related to hometown, childhood, and school. The segments correspond to speech sounds from answers to questions regarding birthdate (T1), the name of the subject's elementary school (T2), time orientation (Q2), and repetition of three-digit numbers backward (Q6). As many prosodic features as possible were extracted from each of the speech sounds, including fundamental frequency, formant, and intensity features and mel-frequency cepstral coefficients. They were refined using principal component analysis and/or feature selection. The authors calculated an SPCIR using multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusion: In addition, this study proposes a binary discrimination model of SPCIR using multivariate logistic regression and model selection with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and reports on the sensitivity and specificity of SPCIR for diagnosis (control vs. MCI/mAD). The study also reports discriminative performances well, thereby suggesting that the proposed approach might be an effective tool for screening the elderly for mAD and MCI.

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Analysis of Appearance Frequency of Phonemes for Daily Life Speech Sounds of 6 to 8 Year Old Children

Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction ◽

10.22251/jlcci.2019.19.3.387 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 387-409

Author(s):

Eun-Yeong Shin ◽

Su-Kyung Shin ◽

Soo-Jin Cho

Keyword(s):

Daily Life ◽

Speech Sounds ◽

Appearance Frequency

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Introduction

10.1093/oso/9780199583478.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Sheila Murnaghan ◽

Deborah H. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Historical Fiction ◽

Adult Readers ◽

Pleasure Reading ◽

Specific Focus ◽

Classical Myths ◽

Classical Culture

The book’s subject is the widespread and formative reception of classical culture that takes place in childhood, with a specific focus on children’s pleasure reading in Britain and America from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. The production of literature designed to foster children’s connection to antiquity is identified as an adult project, which begins with the retelling of classical myths in the 1850s and which this study traces primarily in myth collections and works of historical fiction. Attention is also given to adults’ memories of their own childhood encounters with antiquity and the uses and meanings assigned to those encounters in memoirs and other works for adult readers.

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