PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES AMONG GHANAIAN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: A CASE STUDY OF NEW ELITE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

The study focused on ascertaining the phonological processes that characterize the speech patterns of some selected preschool children. Data was collected from a sample of ten (10) pupils from ages 1-5 spanning the accepted age range for pupils to be in preschool in Ghana. Productions of the participants on words were recorded and later analyzed to determine the phonological processes present. It was found that the phonological processes that characterized the speech of the sample are syllable structure processes (e.g. cluster reduction); substitutions; and insertions. Further, it was found that age has a role to play in the presence of phonological processes in the speech of an individual. It was found however that some of the pupils were able to correctly articulate sounds when they were repeated to them. The study recommends that this study be extended to other school children in the country as well as teachers and other stakeholders towards ensuring the school-going children learn English pronunciation the right way. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0897/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

THE TEACHER’S USE OF TRANSLATION IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING BASED ON SCIENTIFIC APPROACH AT SMP NEGERI 4 AND SMP NEGERI 5 SINGARAJA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perubahan suara dari kata-kata pinjaman dari bahasa Ingris ke bahasa Indonesia di ranah makanan dan minuman. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Terdapat 5 orang informan dalam penelitian ini, 1 orang informan sebagai informan utama dan 4 orang informan lainnya sebagai informan pendukung. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik interview, perekaman, dan observasi. Hasil dari data analisis menunjukkan jika dari 70 kata pinjaman dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia di ranah makanan dan minuman, ada 40 kata yang mengalami proses perubahan suara. 4 kata mengalami menjalani proses apocope, 3 kata menjalani proses cluster reduction, 6 kata menjalani proses epenthesis atau anaptyxis, 4 kata menjalani proses paragoge, 3 kata menjalani proses vowel breaking atau diphthongization, dan 20 kata menjalani proses monophthongization.Kata-kata kunci: perubahan bunyi, kata-kata pinjaman

An Optimality Analysis and Treatment of Phonological Disorders in the Speech of Jordanian Children: A Case Study

This paper presents a case study of a Jordanian child with phonological speech disorders. It seeks to investigate functional phonological disorders and their treatment among Jordanian children within an Optimality Theoretic (OT) perspective. It aims to provide treatment for children’s speech errors within a constraint-based system. The analysis of the data identifies seven error patterns in the child’s productions, namely: fronting, lateralization, stopping, devoicing, de-emphasization, syllable deletion and cluster reduction. Furthermore, OT is employed at the end of the study as a guideline to select the priority of treatment goals by demoting responsible markedness constraints below faithfulness constraints.

An Optimality Analysis and Treatment of Phonological Disorders in the Speech of Jordanian Children: A Case Study

This paper presents a case study of a Jordanian child with phonological speech disorders. It seeks to investigate functional phonological disorders and their treatment among Jordanian children within an Optimality Theoretic (OT) perspective. It aims to provide treatment for children’s speech errors within a constraint-based system. The analysis of the data identifies seven error patterns in the child’s productions, namely: fronting, lateralization, stopping, devoicing, de-emphasization, syllable deletion and cluster reduction. Furthermore, OT is employed at the end of the study as a guideline to select the priority of treatment goals by demoting responsible markedness constraints below faithfulness constraints.

The Acquisition of English and Arabic Onset Cluster: A Case Study

This study has investigated the development of English and Arabic cluster in the speech of a bilingual child. Data was related to several recording sessions of spontaneous and non-spontaneous speech between the author and the child. The gradual development of English and Arabic onset cluster was traced in the production of a bilingual child aged between 1 year 04 months and 4 years 06 months. A comparative description of the repair strategy types used by the child to break English and Arabic consonants clustering in word-initial position has been provided. English onset clusters started to appear before the Arabic clusters. Arabic core clusters appeared before the plateau and reversal clusters. Cluster reduction and epenthesis were used to get rid of the clusters in both languages and prosthesis was used to get rid of clusters in Arabic.

O ritmo da interlíngua na produção do Português Europeu por falantes chineses

The present research examines the rhythmic properties of European Portuguese spoken by native speakers of Mandarin Chinese. Based on the rhythm metrics and corpora used in previous studies focused on the comparison across different languages and varieties (Ramus, Nespor & Mehler, 1999; Frota & Vigário, 2001), we aimed at determining the rhythmic properties of the interlanguage and discussing the factors that may shape and/or constrain the grammar of the interlanguage. We analysed the rhythmic properties of sentences produced by 6 native speakers of Chinese Mandarin, with two different levels of proficiency in European Portuguese (L2) – B1 and C2. A crosscomparison analysis with the results obtained for European Portuguese (Frota & Vigário, 2001) and for Mandarin Chinese (Lin & Wang, 2007) was also conducted. Our results showed that the rhythm of the interlanguage evolves from L1 to L2, reflecting the proficiency level in the acquisition of European Portuguese as a L2. Additionally, we also found evidence for the influence of L1 on the grammar of the interlanguage (e.g., phonological simplifying processes such as cluster reduction in syllabic onsets or coda deletion). Although exploratory, these results contribute to further understand the intermediate linguistic status between a native and a second language, thus adding to the knowledge of the L2 acquisition system.

Apparent ‘sufficiently similar’ degemination in Catalan is due to coalescence

Cameron et al. (2010) and Fruehwald & Gorman (2011) present the pattern of homorganic consonant cluster reduction in Catalan as a challenge to Baković’s (2005) theory of antigemination, which predicts that any feature ignored in the determination of consonant identity for the purposes of antigemination in a given language must independently assimilate in that language. I argue that the pattern in Catalan is not a counterexample to this prediction if the reduction process is analyzed as coalescence, following Wheeler (2005), rather than as deletion.