A Study on Mass Concentration Determination and Property Variations of Produced Polyacrylamide in Polymer Flooding

The polymer system in low interfacial tension conditions is a important technology in oilfield production. Through the Using both rheometer(HAAKE RS150) and interface tension instrument(TS500), the effect of interfacial tension character and viscosity caused by the changing of polymer mass concentration is studied in 30 degrees celsius condition. The man-made core displacement oil experiments and visual model displacement oil experiments were carried out, the displacement efficiency of polymer solution with low interfacial tension after water flooding or polymer flooding was analyzed. The results indicate that the interfacial tension between polymer system with low interfacial tension and oil first reduced, then increased with the increasing of polymer mass concentration, when the polymer mass concentration changes form 0.5gram/Litre to 1.5gram/Litre, the interfacial tension is 10-3 milli-Newton/meter order of magnitude, when the polymer mass concentration increased to 2.0gram/Litre, the interfacial tension is 10-2 milli-Newton/meter order of magnitude. With the changing the polymer mass concentration of polymer system from 0.5gram/Litre, 1.0gram/Litre and 2.0gram/Litre, the viscosity of polymer system with low interfacial tension increased obviously. The recovery ratio can be enhanced further by polymer solution with low interfacial tension after both water flooding and polymer flooding.

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Estimation of the standard uncertainty of a calibration curve: application to sulfur mass concentration determination in fuels

Accreditation and Quality Assurance ◽

10.1007/s00769-011-0852-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 275-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dimitrios Theodorou ◽

Ypatia Zannikou ◽

Fanourios Zannikos

Keyword(s):

Calibration Curve ◽

Mass Concentration ◽

Standard Uncertainty ◽

Concentration Determination

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Effect of Flow Characteristics of Polymer Flooding Produced Liquid on Attrition of Sucker Rob and Tube

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.526 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 706-708 ◽

pp. 526-529

Author(s):

Li Ping Guo ◽

Lei Wang

Keyword(s):

Mass Concentration ◽

Flow Resistance ◽

Flow Characteristics ◽

Polymer Flooding ◽

Total Resistance ◽

Local Resistance ◽

Complex Flow ◽

Exponential Law ◽

Sucker Rod ◽

Pump Valve

Because of complex flow characteristics, polymer flooding produced liquid can bring many problems such as serious eccentric wear of rod and tube, breaking and divorcing of rod, and shortened cycle of pump-check. Flow resistance experiment was carried out aimed at these problems. Experimental results show that on-way resistance that sucker rod acts on polymer flooding produced liquid mainly depends on the viscosity of liquid and its elasticity can be ignored; Local resistance caused by couplers and centralizers is mainly related to the velocity of produced liquid, while the effect brought by mass concentration can be neglected; Resistance that pump valve endued and rate of flow agree to the exponential law; Total resistance of pump valves is generated mainly by down-valve and the law of resistance that water and polymer solution act on valves are similar. The problems that eccentric wear of rods and tubes is serious and the cycle of pump-check is shortened are not completely caused by up stress increasing after polymer flooding.

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Concentration determination of chromatin in unstained resin-embedded sections by means of Z-contrast in STEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100134521 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 186-187

Author(s):

M. Haider ◽

B. Bohrmann

Keyword(s):

Energy Loss ◽

Freeze Substitution ◽

Biological Macromolecules ◽

Local Concentration ◽

E Coli ◽

Concentration Determination ◽

Phosphorous Content ◽

Z Contrast ◽

Electron Energy Loss

The technique of Z-contrast in STEM offers the possibility to determine the local concentration of macromolecules like lipids, proteins or DNA. Contrast formation depends on the atomic composition of the particular structure. In the case of DNA, its phosphorous content discriminates it from other biological macromolecules. In our studies, sections of E. coli, the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae and Euglena spec. cells were used which were obtained by cryofixation followed by freeze-substitution into acetone with 3% glutaraldehyde. The samples were then embedded either in Lowicryl HM20 at low temperature or in Epon at high temperature. Sections were coated on both sides with 30Å carbon.The DF- and the inelastic image have been recorded simultaneously with a Cryo-STEM. This Cryo-STEM is equipped with a highly dispersive Electron Energy Loss Spectrometer. With this instrument pure Z-contrast can be achieved either with a Filtered DF-image divided by the inelastic image or, as is used in this paper, by dividing the conventional DF-image by an inelastic image which has been recorded with an inelastic detector whose response is dependent on the total energy loss of the inelastically scattered electrons.

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