Southern and Northern Hemisphere dinoflagellate cyst assemblage changes in association with the late Paleocene thermal maximum

The Anglo-Belgo-Paris Basin, historical cradle of the Paleogene stratigraphy since the XVIIIth century, is known by the presence of very specific so-called “Sparnacian” deposits (very diverse and laterally highly variable, predominantly lagoonal to terrestrial facies), which encompass the short stratigraphic interval of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Due to the insufficient paleontological record, the “Sparnacian” succession of the Paris and Dieppe-Hampshire Basins still needs a robust chronostratigraphic correlation with other Paleogene records worldwide. In order to refine the stratigraphy of the Thanetian-Lower Ypresian succession in northern France a number of cores and outcrop sections have been investigated palynologically. As a result, an updated version of the Dinoflagellate cyst zonation for the Paris and Dieppe Basins is proposed and contains six new or revised Biozones for this stratigraphical interval: Alisocysta margarita, Apectodinium hyperacanthum, Apectodinium-extreme acme, Biconidinium longissimum-acme, Dracodinium astra, and Axiodinium lunare/Stenodinium meckelfeldense. Based on combined bio-, litho- and chemostratigraphic data, it appears that the dinocyst assemblages, corresponding to the PETM event interval (“Sparnacian” deposits, Soissonnais and upper Mortemer Formations with the most negative 13δCorg values between -27 and -32 ‰ PDB), are characterized by an extreme acme of Apectodinium spp. (70-98%) in both basins, sometimes alternating with an extreme acme of a few gonyaulacoid groups in the Dieppe Basin. Dinocyst assemblages from the PETM interval contain a significant number of atypical, longer specimens of Apectodinium parvum, which could represent an ecological onshore substitute of species Axiodinium augustum in the Paris and Dieppe-Hampshire Basins. The establishment of a new Biconidinium longissimum-acme Zone suggests the absence of an important stratigraphical hiatus previously inferred for the Paris Basin.

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New chronology for the late Paleocene thermal maximum and its environmental implications

Geology ◽

10.1130/0091-7613(2000)028<0927:ncftlp>2.3.co;2 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 927-930 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

U. Röhl ◽

T.J. Bralower ◽

R.D. Norris ◽

G. Wefer

Keyword(s):

Environmental Implications ◽

Late Paleocene ◽

Thermal Maximum

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Southern ocean warming, sea level and hydrological change during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum

Climate of the Past ◽

10.5194/cp-7-47-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 47-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

A. Sluijs ◽

P. K. Bijl ◽

S. Schouten ◽

U. Röhl ◽

G.-J. Reichart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Models ◽

Global Scale ◽

Ocean Drilling Program ◽

Storm Activity ◽

Southwest Pacific ◽

Dinoflagellate Cyst ◽

Surface Warming ◽

Run Off ◽

Thermal Maximum ◽

Hydrological System

Abstract. A brief (~150 kyr) period of widespread global average surface warming marks the transition between the Paleocene and Eocene epochs, ~56 million years ago. This so-called "Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum" (PETM) is associated with the massive injection of 13C-depleted carbon, reflected in a negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE). Biotic responses include a global abundance peak (acme) of the subtropical dinoflagellate Apectodinium. Here we identify the PETM in a marine sedimentary sequence deposited on the East Tasman Plateau at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1172 and show, based on the organic paleothermometer TEX86, that southwest Pacific sea surface temperatures increased from ~26 °C to ~33°C during the PETM. Such temperatures before, during and after the PETM are >10 °C warmer than predicted by paleoclimate model simulations for this latitude. In part, this discrepancy may be explained by potential seasonal biases in the TEX86 proxy in polar oceans. Additionally, the data suggest that not only Arctic, but also Antarctic temperatures may be underestimated in simulations of ancient greenhouse climates by current generation fully coupled climate models. An early influx of abundant Apectodinium confirms that environmental change preceded the CIE on a global scale. Organic dinoflagellate cyst assemblages suggest a local decrease in the amount of river run off reaching the core site during the PETM, possibly in concert with eustatic rise. Moreover, the assemblages suggest changes in seasonality of the regional hydrological system and storm activity. Finally, significant variation in dinoflagellate cyst assemblages during the PETM indicates that southwest Pacific climates varied significantly over time scales of 103 – 104 years during this event, a finding comparable to similar studies of PETM successions from the New Jersey Shelf.

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Late Paleocene-early Eocene dinoflagellate cyst records from the Tethys: Further observations on the global distribution of Apectodinium

Causes and consequences of globally warm climates in the early Paleogene ◽

10.1130/0-8137-2369-8.113 ◽

2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Erica M. Crouch ◽

Henk Brinkhuis ◽

Henk Visscher ◽

Thierry Adatte ◽

Marie-Pierre Bolle

Keyword(s):

Global Distribution ◽

Early Eocene ◽

Dinoflagellate Cyst ◽

Late Paleocene

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A historical perspective on the development of the Northern Hemisphere modern dinoflagellate cyst database

Marine Micropaleontology ◽

10.1016/j.marmicro.2020.101824 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 159 ◽

pp. 101824 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nicolas Van Nieuwenhove ◽

Vera Pospelova ◽

Anne de Vernal ◽

André Rochon

Keyword(s):

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Dinoflagellate Cyst

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Mid-Holocene Northern Hemisphere warming driven by Arctic amplification

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.aax8203 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. eaax8203 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hyo-Seok Park ◽

Seong-Joong Kim ◽

Andrew L. Stewart ◽

Seok-Woo Son ◽

Kyong-Hwan Seo

Keyword(s):

Sea Ice ◽

Northern Hemisphere ◽

High Latitude ◽

Climate Model ◽

Arctic Sea Ice ◽

The Arctic ◽

Arctic Amplification ◽

The Holocene ◽

Holocene Thermal Maximum ◽

Thermal Maximum

The Holocene thermal maximum was characterized by strong summer solar heating that substantially increased the summertime temperature relative to preindustrial climate. However, the summer warming was compensated by weaker winter insolation, and the annual mean temperature of the Holocene thermal maximum remains ambiguous. Using multimodel mid-Holocene simulations, we show that the annual mean Northern Hemisphere temperature is strongly correlated with the degree of Arctic amplification and sea ice loss. Additional model experiments show that the summer Arctic sea ice loss persists into winter and increases the mid- and high-latitude temperatures. These results are evaluated against four proxy datasets to verify that the annual mean northern high-latitude temperature during the mid-Holocene was warmer than the preindustrial climate, because of the seasonally rectified temperature increase driven by the Arctic amplification. This study offers a resolution to the “Holocene temperature conundrum”, a well-known discrepancy between paleo-proxies and climate model simulations of Holocene thermal maximum.

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A review of rare and less well known extant marine organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst taxa of the orders Gonyaulacales and Suessiales from the Northern Hemisphere

Marine Micropaleontology ◽

10.1016/j.marmicro.2019.101801 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 159 ◽

pp. 101801 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Audrey Limoges ◽

Nicolas Van Nieuwenhove ◽

Martin J. Head ◽

Kenneth N. Mertens ◽

Vera Pospelova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Dinoflagellate Cyst

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Neritic records of the late Paleocene thermal maximum from New Jersey

GFF ◽

10.1080/11035890001221038 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 122 (1) ◽

pp. 38-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Benjamin S. Cramer ◽

Kenneth G. Miller ◽

James D. Wright ◽

Marie-Pierre Aubry ◽

Richard K. Olsson

Keyword(s):

New Jersey ◽

Late Paleocene ◽

Thermal Maximum

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Late Paleocene event chronology; unconformities, not diachrony

BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin ◽

10.2113/171.3.367 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 171 (3) ◽

pp. 367-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Marie-Pierre Aubry ◽

Benjamin S. Cramer ◽

Kenneth G. Miller ◽

James D. Wright ◽

Dennis V. Kent ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Planktonic Foraminifera ◽

Calcareous Nannoplankton ◽

Lower Eocene ◽

Late Paleocene ◽

Relative Chronology ◽

Carbon Isotope Excursion ◽

Thermal Maximum ◽

Unequivocal Identification ◽

Upper Paleocene ◽

Reference Section

Abstract The chronology of the events associated with the late Paleocene thermal maximum (LPTM, Chron C24r) has been established through the construction of a composite reference section that involved chemomagnetobiostratigraphic correlations and assumed minimum diachrony of biostratigraphic events. On this basis, discrepancies between correlations in different sections were explained by inferred unconformities. However, diachrony between distant sections cannot be ruled out. We report here on two geographically close sections drilled onshore New Jersey that yield different records of chemomagnetobiostratigraphic correlations in the interval representing Chron C24r. Because of their proximity ( approximately 40 km apart), diachrony of biostratigraphic events between the two sections can be ruled out. In contrast, the marked lithologic disconformities in the sections explain well the different records of events. We thus conclude that the current relative chronology for Chron C24r is firmly based and that the upper Paleocene-lower Eocene stratigraphic record yields multiple unconformities, with Subzone NP9b rarely sampled. We examine the implications that undeciphered unconformities may have on the identification of proxies for paleoceanographic reconstruction, in particular with regard to the identification of the carbon isotope excursion (CIE) that reflects a dramatic latest Paleocene disturbance of the carbon cycle. We propose biostratigraphic means (short-lived calcareous nannoplankton and planktonic foraminifera taxa) that permit the unequivocal identification of the CIE not only in the oceanic realm but also in neritic settings.

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