Dynamics of forest canopy and major tree populations over nine years in a subalpine old-growth coniferous forest, central Japan

Annual organic matter inputs and production of stocked coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), coastal cutthroat trout (O. clarki clarki), and shorthead sculpin (Cottus confusus) from spring through early autumn were monitored for 2 yr in two headwater tributaries of the Deschutes River, Washington. One site was bordered by old-growth coniferous forest; the other was an area clear-cut without buffer strips 7 yr before the study. Allochthonous organic matter (terrestrial origin) dominated inputs to the old-growth site and contributed ~300 g∙m−2∙yr−1, while autochthonous organic matter totaled ~100 g∙m−2∙yr−1. In the clear-cut site, autochthonous inputs contributed ~175 g∙m−2∙yr−1, but allochthonous inputs contributed only ~60 g∙m−2∙yr−1 owing to loss of riparian vegetation. Although combined allochthonous and autochthonous inputs were almost twofold greater in the old-growth site, fish production was greater in the clear-cut site. Production of coho salmon and shorthead sculpin during early summer was largely responsible for differences between sites. Fish populations appeared to depend upon food derived from autotrophic pathways during spring and summer in the presence or absence of forest canopy, a hypothesis supported by analysis of coho stomach contents and the similar ratios of autochthonous inputs and fish production between the two streams.

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Spatial distribution and succession of epiphytes on Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock) in an old-growth Douglas-fir forest

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b00-064 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 78 (7) ◽

pp. 957-968 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Betsy Lyons ◽

Nalini M Nadkarni ◽

Malcolm P North

Keyword(s):

Forest Canopy ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Tsuga Heterophylla ◽

Forest Understory ◽

Western Hemlock ◽

Old Growth ◽

Old Growth Forest ◽

Crown Structure ◽

Large Trees

We examined the distribution and abundance of nonvascular epiphytes on western hemlock trees in an old-growth coniferous forest focusing on patterns of epiphyte distribution at different spatial scales, epiphyte abundance amongst trees differing in size, and crown structures associated with epiphyte abundance. Total epiphyte cover was greatest in four canopy microhabitats: the upper canopy strata, crowns of large trees, lower crown branches, and inner branch plots. Epiphyte functional groups were stratified vertically within the stand and horizontally within branches. Alectorioid and "other" lichens were most abundant in the upper canopy and outer branch plots. Cyanolichens and Sphaerophorus globosus (Huds.) Vain. were most abundant in the lower to mid canopy. Although cyanolichens were most abundant in middle branch plots, Sphaerophorus was most abundant in inner branch plots. Bryophytes were most abundant in the lower canopy and inner branch plots. At the stand level, canopy height and tree size were the main influences on epiphytes. Within trees, plots closer to the tree trunk and lower in the crown had the greatest abundance of epiphytes. In this forest, understory trees were colonized first by bryophytes, not by alectorioid and "other" lichens as is common for small trees in young stands.Key words: epiphyte succession, lichens, western hemlock, old growth, forest canopy, crown structure.

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Stand Structure and the Regeneration of Chamaecyparis pisifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl. on Sites with Different Soil Development in an Old-growth Coniferous Forest, Central Japan

Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1007/bf02348210 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 133-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shin-Ichi Yamamoto ◽

Yasuko Moriyama

Keyword(s):

Stand Structure ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Soil Development ◽

Old Growth ◽

Central Japan ◽

Chamaecyparis Pisifera

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Dynamics of major conifer and deciduous broad-leaved tree species in an old-growth Chamaecyparis obtusa forest, central Japan

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/s0378-1127(00)00724-6 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 159 (3) ◽

pp. 133-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

D Hoshino ◽

N Nishimura ◽

S Yamamoto

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Chamaecyparis Obtusa ◽

Old Growth ◽

Central Japan

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Natural and Social Environments in a Large Old-Growth Japanese Horse-Chestnut Forest in Shiga Prefecture, Central Japan

Geographical review of Japan series A ◽

10.4157/grj.88.431 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 88 (5) ◽

pp. 431-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

TESHIROGI Koki ◽

FUJIOKA Yuichiro ◽

IIDA Yoshihiko

Keyword(s):

Horse Chestnut ◽

Social Environments ◽

Old Growth ◽

Central Japan

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Mosaics of canopy openness induced by tropical cyclones in lowland rain forests with contrasting management histories in northeastern Australia

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467400001784 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 883-894 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

SIMON J. GROVE ◽

STEPHEN M. TURTON ◽

DANNY T. SIEGENTHALER

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Forest Canopy ◽

Canopy Openness ◽

Old Growth ◽

Lowland Rain Forest ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Local Topography ◽

Marked Points ◽

Impacted Site

Tropical Cyclone ‘Rona’ crossed the coast of the Daintree lowlands of northeastern Australia in 1999. This study reports on its impact on forest canopy openness at six lowland rain forest sites with contrasting management histories (old-growth, selectively logged and regrowth). Percentage canopy openness was calculated from individual hemispherical photographs taken from marked points below the forest canopy at nine plots per site 3–4 mo before the cyclone, and at the same points a month afterwards. Before the cyclone, when nine sites were visited, canopy openness in old-growth and logged sites was similar, but significantly higher in regrowth forest. After the cyclone, all six revisited sites showed an increase in canopy openness, but the increase was very patchy amongst plots and sites and varied from insignificant to severe. The most severely impacted site was an old-growth one, the least impacted a logged one. Although proneness to impact was apparently related to forest management history (old-growth being the most impacted), underlying local topography may have had an equally strong influence in this case. It was concluded that the likelihood of severe impact may be determined at the landscape-scale by the interaction of anthropogenic with meteorological, physiographic and biotic factors. In the long term, such interactions may caution against pursuing forest management in cyclone-prone areas.

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Observations of a Coniferous Forest at 9.6 and 17.2 GHz: Implications for SWE Retrievals

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11010006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aaron Thompson ◽

Richard Kelly

Keyword(s):

Forest Canopy ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Snow Water Equivalent ◽

Incidence Angle ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Snow Accumulation ◽

Ancillary Data ◽

Volume Scattering ◽

Component Decomposition ◽

Forested Landscapes

UWScat, a ground-based Ku- and X-band scatterometer, was used to compare forested and non-forested landscapes in a terrestrial snow accumulation environment as part of the NASA SnowEx17 field campaign. Field observations from Trail Valley Creek, Northwest Territories; Tobermory, Ontario; and the Canadian Snow and Ice Experiment (CASIX) campaign in Churchill, Manitoba, were also included. Limited sensitivity to snow was observed at 9.6 GHz, while the forest canopy attenuated the signal from sub-canopy snow at 17.2 GHz. Forested landscapes were distinguishable using the volume scattering component of the Freeman–Durden three-component decomposition model by applying a threshold in which values ≥50% indicated forested landscape. It is suggested that the volume scattering component of the decomposition can be used in current snow water equivalent (SWE) retrieval algorithms in place of the forest cover fraction (FF), which is an optical surrogate for microwave scattering and relies on ancillary data. The performance of the volume scattering component of the decomposition was similar to that of FF when used in a retrieval scheme. The primary benefit of this method is that it provides a current, real-time estimate of the forest state, it automatically accounts for the incidence angle and canopy structure, and it provides coincident information on the forest canopy without the use of ancillary data or modeling, which is especially important in remote regions. Additionally, it enables the estimation of forest canopy transmissivity without ancillary data. This study also demonstrates the use of these frequencies in a forest canopy application, and the use of the Freeman–Durden three-component decomposition on scatterometer observations in a terrestrial snow accumulation environment.

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