Matching versus optimal data selection in the Wason selection task

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yama
Keyword(s):  
Selection Task ◽  
Data Selection ◽  
Wason Selection Task ◽  
Optimal Data Selection

A quantitative model of optimal data selection in Wason's selection task

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1241-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masasi Hattori
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
Data Selection ◽  
Subjective Probabilities ◽  
Probabilistic Information ◽  
Adaptive Rationality ◽  
Optimal Data Selection ◽  
The Relationship

The optimal data selection model proposed by Oaksford and Chater (1994) successfully formalized Wason's selection task (Wason, 1966). The model, however, involved some questionable assumptions and was also not sufficient as a model of the task because it could not provide quantitative predictions of the card selection frequencies. In this paper, the model was revised to provide quantitative fits to the data. The model can predict the selection frequencies of cards based on a selection tendency function (STF), or conversely, it enables the estimation of subjective probabilities from data. Past experimental data were first re-analysed based on the model. In Experiment 1, the superiority of the revised model was shown. However, when the relationship between antecedent and consequent was forced to deviate from the biconditional form, the model was not supported. In Experiment 2, it was shown that sufficient emphasis on probabilistic information can affect participants’ performance. A detailed experimental method to sort participants by probabilistic strategies was introduced. Here, the model was supported by a subgroup of participants who used the probabilistic strategy. Finally, the results were discussed from the viewpoint of adaptive rationality.

scholarly journals Optimal data selection in the reduced array selection task (RAST).

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Oaksford ◽  
Nick Chater ◽  
Becki Grainger ◽  
Joanne Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Selection Task ◽  
Data Selection ◽  
Optimal Data Selection

Deciding between Accounts of the Selection Task: A Reply to Oaksford (2002)

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1088
Author(s):  
Aidan Feeney ◽  
Simon Handley ◽  
Robert W. Kentridge
Keyword(s):  
Selection Task ◽  
Data Selection ◽  
Probability Estimates ◽  
Optimal Data Selection ◽  
Level Of Selection

In this paper we report on our attempts to fit the optimal data selection (ODS) model (Oaksford & Chater, 1994; Oaksford, Chater, & Larkin, 2000) to the selection task data reported in Feeney and Handley (2000) and Handley, Feeney, and Harper (2002). Although Oaksford (2002b) reports good fits to the data described in Feeney and Handley (2000), the model does not adequately capture the data described in Handley et al. (2002). Furthermore, across all six of the experiments modelled here, the ODS model does not predict participants’ behaviour at the level of selection rates for individual cards. Finally, when people's probability estimates are used in the modelling exercise, the model adequately captures only 1 out of 18 conditions described in Handley et al. We discuss the implications of these results for models of the selection task and claim that they support deductive, rather than probabilistic, accounts of the task.

scholarly journals GENERAL TRUST AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES ON THE WASON SELECTION TASK WITH SHARING-RULE

PSYCHOLOGIA ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai HIRAISHI ◽  
Juko ANDO ◽  
Yutaka ONO ◽  
Toshikazu HASEGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
Sharing Rule ◽  
Wason Selection Task ◽  
General Trust

scholarly journals The effects of framing and ego-involvement on performance on the Wason selection task

Psihologija ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Jovanovic ◽  
Iris Zezelj
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
School Students ◽  
Wason Selection Task ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Threatening Information ◽  
Ego Involvement ◽  
The One

Man?s deep-rooted tendency to maintain and reinforce a positive self-image makes man inclined to uncritically accept desirable information (the confirmation bias) as well as to criticize and reject undesirable information (the disconfirmation bias). Since disconfirmation strategy leads to a logically correct solution to the four-card Wason selection task, we predicted that ego-involvement manipulation would have a significant effect on the success rate of the task. Specifically, we hypothesized that subjects who were exposed to personally threatening information would try to reject it and thus be more successful on Wason task than those who were exposed to non-threatening information, as established in previously published study by Dawson et al. (2002a). Furthermore, we wanted to examine if manipulating valence framing of the Wason task rule would result in a higher success rate for the group exposed to the threatening and negatively framed rule (that implied their own early death) than the group exposed to the threatening but positively framed rule (that category of people other than the one they belong to live longer). One hundred ninety five high school students from Kragujevac, Serbia participated in the experiment. The results confirmed the expected effect of involvement, while the main effect of framing did not occur. However, there was a marginally significant involvement by framing interaction: unexpectedly, non involved participants were more likely to solve the task correctly when it was positively framed than when in was negatively framed, whilst in the involved group there was no difference in correct responding depending on framing. The findings suggest that the success rate in Wason task can be sensitive to the valence framing of the rule, but only when respondents are not highly personally threatened. Potential methodological interventions in ego-involvement manipulation and content of the rules are discussed.

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