Relationship among psychological distress, food dependence, and the time discount rate: a pilot mediation analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yutaka Owari ◽  
Nobuyuki Miyatake ◽  
Hiromi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Time Discount

scholarly journals Time Discount Rate of Forest-Dependent Communities: Evidence from Andhra Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 025609092110154
Author(s):  
Sundar Balakrishna ◽  
Vineet Virmani
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Task Design ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Time Discount ◽  
The Government

Executive Summary This study presents evidence on time discount rate of forest-dependent communities (FDCs) in the backdrop of the joint forest management program launched by the Government of India in 1990. The study uses data from two regions of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh—Rayalaseema (a relatively dry forest region with low income) and the coastal region (relatively fertile forest and with higher income). We also identify socio-economic determinants of their patience levels and factors which distinguish the two regions. To elicit individual discount rates of FDCs members and their determinants, we use the choice task design methodology. Members from both regions were found to be highly impatient using the standard choice task design with the revealed time discount rate averaging 800% per annum. Members of FDCs from Rayalaseema were more impatient than their counterparts from the coastal region, although the statistical evidence is weak. We find no association between the income of members of FDCs and their time discount rate for both regions. Membership to caste categories showed a different response in both the regions, with members from the Scheduled Caste category and Other Backward Classes found to have a lower discount rate than those from the Scheduled Tribes category of Rayalaseema region and vice versa for the coastal region. For the coastal region, those with larger family size and heads of households were found to have a lower discount rate.

The (Emotive) worm at the core: The role of emotional problems in the process from physical suffering to psychological distress—A multiple step mediation analysis.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10063-10063
Author(s):  
Alessandro Rossi ◽  
Maria Marconi ◽  
Giuseppe Di Lucca ◽  
Raffaella Morena ◽  
Chiara Rossini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
The Core ◽  
Physical Suffering ◽  
Multiple Step

A Review of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D Nordhaus
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Utility Function ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Stern Review ◽  
Time Discount ◽  
Radical Revision ◽  
Zero Time

How much and how fast should we react to the threat of global warming? The Stern Review argues that the damages from climate change are large, and that nations should undertake sharp and immediate reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. An examination of the Review's radical revision of the economics of climate change finds, however, that it depends decisively on the assumption of a near-zero time discount rate combined with a specific utility function. The Review's unambiguous conclusions about the need for extreme immediate action will not survive the substitution of assumptions that are consistent with today's marketplace real interest rates and savings rates.

scholarly journals Self-esteem, job insecurity and psychological distress among Chinese nurses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yun liu ◽  
chunyan yang ◽  
guiyuan zou
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cooperative Work ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Class A

Abstract Background Many studies have investigated the related variables of nurses’ psychological distress, but little is known about the underlying mechanism between job insecurity, self-esteem and psychological distress. Aims The purpose of this study examined the role of self-esteem as a mediator between job insecurity and psychological distress among Chinese nurses. Methods Questionnaires, assessing job insecurity, self-esteem and psychological distress, were collected from 462 nurses at a third-grade class-A hospital in Shandong Province, China. Results Results showed that the prevalence of psychological distress among nurses was 83.8%. Regression analysis showed that job insecurity was positively associated with psychological distress, explaining 17.5% of variance in psychological distress. Mediation analysis showed that self-esteem partially mediated the effect of the two dimensions of job insecurity on psychological distress. Conclusions Nurses with low self-esteem and high job insecurity deserved attention. Programs that reduce uncertainty and increase predictability and cultivate a supportive, cooperative work climate may promote nurse overall health and foster self-esteem.

Predictors of Outcome in Cognitive and Behavioural Interventions for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. A Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mădălina Radu ◽  
Ramona Moldovan ◽  
Sebastian Pintea ◽  
Adriana Băban ◽  
Dan Dumitrașcu
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Psychosocial Distress ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Background & Aims: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has small to medium effects in alleviating emotional distress and psychosomatic symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the mechanism through which CBT exerts its effects is less studied. Mediation analysis examines the extent to which intermediate variables explain the effect of the intervention on outcomes. The meta-analysis aims to identify and assess the impact of CBT mediators identified in previous research on IBS. Methods: An extensive search of studies investigating the effects of CBT for IBS published before January 2018 was conducted. A total of 699 studies were identified through database search and 6 studies including data from 638 patients were analysed. The selected studies had to clearly define the CBT intervention, include IBS patients, report sufficient data to allow calculation of effect sizes and provide a clear mediation analysis of one or several variables on the outcome. Results: The total effect of CBT was significant for both categories of outcomes (i.e. IBS symptom severity and psychosocial distress), with a low-to-moderate effect on psychosocial distress (r=0.222) and a medium-to-large effect on IBS symptom severity (r=0.413). In fact, the total effect of CBT on IBS symptom severity is significantly higher than the total effect on psychosocial distress Q(1)= 5.06, p= 0.024. Both behaviours and emotions (r=0.158) as well as cognitions (r=0.141) generated significant mediated effects on psychosocial distress, with no significant differences between them (Q(1)= 0.05, p=0.825). Behaviours and emotions mediated 71.1% of the total effect of CBT on psychosocial distress and cognitions mediated 63.5% of the total effect. Conclusion: Although significant for both outcomes, the statistical analysis revealed CBT interventions have a greater effect on alleviating IBS symptoms severity rather than on reducing psychological distress. Of the mediators investigated, behaviours, emotions and cognitions seem to have a small to moderating effect in reducing IBS symptom and psychological distress.

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