Seismic Vulnerability of Urban Vernacular Buildings in Nepal: Case of Newari Construction

This paper investigates the effects of the nonlinear behaviour of isolation pads on the seismic capacity of bridges to identify the parameters of base isolation systems that can be used to improve seismic performance of bridges. A parametric study was conducted by designing a set of bridges for three different soil types and varying the number of spans, span lengths, and pier heights. The seismic responses (acceleration, displacement and pier seismic forces) were evaluated for two structural models. The first model corresponded to the bridges supported on elastomeric bearings with linear elastic behaviour and the second model simulated a base isolated bridge that accounts for the nonlinear behaviour of the system. The seismic demand was represented with a group of twelve real accelerograms recorded on the subduction zone on the Pacific Coast of Mexico. The nonlinear responses under different damage scenarios for the bridges included in the presented study were estimated. These results allow determining the seismic capacity of the bridges with and without base isolation. Results show clearly the importance of considering the nonlinear behaviour on the seismic performance of bridges and the influence of base isolation on the seismic vulnerability of medium size bridges.

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SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR SAN FRANCISCO TEMPLE IN MORELIA, MEXICO

NED University Journal of Research ◽

10.35453/nedjr-stmech-2019-0071 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Special Issue on First SACEE'19) ◽

pp. 207-2016

Author(s):

Guillermo Martinez ◽

David Castillo ◽

José Jara ◽

Bertha Olmos

Keyword(s):

San Francisco ◽

Seismic Vulnerability ◽

Seismic Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Middle Part ◽

Seismic Demands ◽

Modeling And Analysis ◽

Seismic Records ◽

Cracking Pattern ◽

The Temple

This paper presents a first approximation of the seismic vulnerability of a sixteenth century building which is part of the historical center of Morelia, Mexico. The city was declared World Heritage by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in 1991. The modeling and analysis of the building was carried out using a three-dimensional elastic tetrahedral finite elements model which was subjected to probabilistic seismic demands with recurrences of 500 yrs and 1000 yrs in addition to real seismic records. The model was able to correctly identify cracking pattern in different parts of the temple due to gravitational forces. High seismic vulnerability of the arched window and the walls of the middle part of the bell tower of the temple was indicated by the seismic analysis of the model.

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Integrated economic and environmental building classification and optimal seismic vulnerability/energy efficiency retrofitting

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering ◽

10.1007/s10518-021-01101-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Martina Caruso ◽

Rui Pinho ◽

Federica Bianchi ◽

Francesco Cavalieri ◽

Maria Teresa Lemmo

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Seismic Hazard ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Classification System ◽

Seismic Vulnerability ◽

Performance Metrics ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Operational Energy

AbstractA life cycle framework for a new integrated classification system for buildings and the identification of renovation strategies that lead to an optimal balance between reduction of seismic vulnerability and increase of energy efficiency, considering both economic losses and environmental impacts, is discussed through a parametric application to an exemplificative case-study building. Such framework accounts for the economic and environmental contributions of initial construction, operational energy consumption, earthquake-induced damage repair activities, retrofitting interventions, and demolition. One-off and annual monetary expenses and environmental impacts through the building life cycle are suggested as meaningful performance metrics to develop an integrated classification system for buildings and to identify the optimal renovation strategy leading to a combined reduction of economic and environmental impacts, depending on the climatic conditions and the seismic hazard at the site of interest. The illustrative application of the framework to an existing school building is then carried out, investigating alternative retrofitting solutions, including either sole structural retrofitting options or sole energy refurbishments, as well as integrated strategies that target both objectives, with a view to demonstrate its practicality and to explore its ensuing results. The influence of seismic hazard and climatic conditions is quantitatively investigated, by assuming the building to be located into different geographic locations.

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Seismic vulnerability analysis in Poso Distric

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/1763/1/012015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1763 (1) ◽

pp. 012015

Author(s):

M Rusydi ◽

M B Cyio ◽

Rahmawati ◽

Ramlan

Keyword(s):

Seismic Vulnerability ◽

Vulnerability Analysis ◽

Seismic Vulnerability Analysis

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Fragility curves for Italian URM buildings based on a hybrid method

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering ◽

10.1007/s10518-021-01155-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. Sandoli ◽

G. P. Lignola ◽

B. Calderoni ◽

A. Prota

Keyword(s):

Seismic Vulnerability ◽

Fragility Curves ◽

Limit State ◽

Ultimate Limit State ◽

Masonry Building ◽

Masonry Buildings ◽

Seismic Behaviour ◽

Building Stock ◽

Ground Acceleration ◽

Damage Scenario

AbstractA hybrid seismic fragility model for territorial-scale seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings is developed and presented in this paper. The method combines expert-judgment and mechanical approaches to derive typological fragility curves for Italian residential masonry building stock. The first classifies Italian masonry buildings in five different typological classes as function of age of construction, structural typology, and seismic behaviour and damaging of buildings observed following the most severe earthquakes occurred in Italy. The second, based on numerical analyses results conducted on building prototypes, provides all the parameters necessary for developing fragility functions. Peak-Ground Acceleration (PGA) at Ultimate Limit State attainable by each building’s class has been chosen as an Intensity Measure to represent fragility curves: three types of curve have been developed, each referred to mean, maximum and minimum value of PGAs defined for each building class. To represent the expected damage scenario for increasing earthquake intensities, a correlation between PGAs and Mercalli-Cancani-Sieber macroseismic intensity scale has been used and the corresponding fragility curves developed. Results show that the proposed building’s classes are representative of the Italian masonry building stock and that fragility curves are effective for predicting both seismic vulnerability and expected damage scenarios for seismic-prone areas. Finally, the fragility curves have been compared with empirical curves obtained through a macroseismic approach on Italian masonry buildings available in literature, underlining the differences between the methods.

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On the potential of using the Mexican National Catalogue of Historical Monuments for assessing the seismic vulnerability of existing buildings: a proof-of-concept study

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering ◽

10.1007/s10518-021-01154-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rafael Ramírez Eudave ◽

Tiago Miguel Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Seismic Vulnerability ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Existing Buildings ◽

Concept Study ◽

Historical Monuments

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Full‐scale shake‐table tests on two unreinforced masonry cavity‐wall buildings: effect of an innovative timber retrofit

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering ◽

10.1007/s10518-021-01057-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Miglietta ◽

Nicolò Damiani ◽

Gabriele Guerrini ◽

Francesco Graziotti

Keyword(s):

Seismic Vulnerability ◽

Concrete Slab ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Unreinforced Masonry ◽

Full Scale ◽

Cavity Wall ◽

Masonry Walls ◽

Shake Table ◽

Earthquake Excitation ◽

Reinforced Concrete Slab

AbstractTwo full-scale building specimens were tested on the shake-table at the EUCENTRE Foundation laboratories in Pavia (Italy), to assess the effectiveness of an innovative timber retrofit solution, within a comprehensive research campaign on the seismic vulnerability of existing Dutch unreinforced masonry structures. The buildings represented the end-unit of a two-storey terraced house typical of the North-Eastern Netherlands, a region affected by induced seismicity over the last few decades. This building typology is particularly vulnerable to earthquake excitation due to lack of seismic details and irregular distribution of large openings in masonry walls. Both specimens were built with the same geometry. Their structural system consisted of cavity walls, with interior load-bearing calcium-silicate leaf and exterior clay veneer, and included a first-floor reinforced concrete slab, a second-floor timber framing, and a roof timber structure supported by masonry gables. A timber retrofit was designed and installed inside the second specimen, providing an innovative sustainable, light-weight, reversible, and cost-effective technique, which could be extensively applied to actual buildings. Timber frames were connected to the interior surface of the masonry walls and completed by oriented strands boards nailed to them. The second-floor timber diaphragm was stiffened and strengthened by a layer of oriented-strand boards, nailed to the existing joists and to additional blocking elements through the existing planks. These interventions resulted also in improved wall-to-diaphragm connections with the inner leaf at both floors, while steel ties were added between the cavity-wall leaves. The application of the retrofit system favored a global response of the building with increased lateral capacities of the masonry walls. This paper describes in detail the bare and retrofitted specimens, compares the experimental results obtained through similar incremental dynamic shake-table test protocols up to near-collapse conditions, and identifies damage states and damage limits associated with displacements and deformations.

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