Scientific consensus statement on marine reserves and marine protected areas

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
National center for ecological anal
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Scientific Consensus

scholarly journals Managing mobile species with MPAs: the effects of mobility, larval dispersal, and fishing mortality on closure size

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. F. Le Quesne ◽  
Edward A. Codling
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Population Model ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Explicit Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Population

Abstract Le Quesne, W. J. F., and Codling, E. A. 2009. Managing mobile species with MPAs: the effects of mobility, larval dispersal, and fishing mortality on closure size. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 122–131. The use of closed areas (marine protected areas, marine reserves, no-take zones) has been suggested as a possible solution to the perceived global fisheries crisis. However, to optimize the design and evaluate the effectiveness of closed areas, we need to understand the interaction between larval dispersal, adult mobility, and fishing mortality. In this paper, a simple, spatially explicit dynamic population model was developed to examine the effects of these interacting factors on optimal closure size and resulting yields. The effect of using one large or several smaller closed areas was also examined. Our model confirmed previous results: closed areas do not improve the yield of populations that are optimally managed or underexploited and, as mobility increases, optimum closure size increases. The model also predicted some interesting counter-intuitive results; for overexploited stocks, the greatest benefit from closed areas can be obtained for stocks with highest mobility, although this may require closure of 85% of the total area. For the tested parameter settings, adult spillover had greater potential to improve yield than larval export, and using several small closed areas rather than a single larger one had the same effect as increasing the mobility of the population.

scholarly journals Marine Protected Areas and Area-Based Management in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Mossop
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Marine Protection

New Zealand’s maritime zones cover a very large area. This article explores the extent to which these maritime zones are protected through marine protected areas and area based management. There are several different types of protection in New Zealand waters, from marine reserves that prohibit fishing to marine mammal sanctuaries and benthic protection zones. Māori play an important role in the establishment and management of many of these areas. However, in general the legislation that addresses marine protection is disjointed and there are important gaps in coverage. Attempts to reform the legislation have not yet succeeded.

scholarly journals Developing a framework for the efficient design and management of large scale marine protected areas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nikitine ◽  
A.M.W. Wilson ◽  
T.P. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
National Monument ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Sound Management

Following the designation of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument in 2000, globally there has been a growing trend in establishing large, remote, no-take marine reserves (> 150,000 sq km), generally known as Large-Scale Marine Protected Areas (LSMPAs). Yet such MPAs with vast geographical areas bring design and management challenges, as the islands and seas are spread over hundreds of nautical miles and are largely inaccessible and often uninhabited. In order to understand how management of LSMPAs can be successfully sustained, this study evaluates the Pitcairn Islands Marine Reserve (PIMR), designated in September 2016, against a framework based on 10 criteria, which were derived from the IUCN WCPA's Guidelines for Design and Management of Large-Scale MPAs. Initial findings show the PIMR was satisfactory in design focusing on sound management practices, taking into account uncertainties around financial sustainability and future administrations. This study identifies the importance of: acquiring robust baseline data, being fully protected (no-take), using ecosystem-based management, community inclusion, and of adopting an ecologically connected network approach. These features are needed for large marine reserves to maximize achieving both ecological and socio-economic goals, with particular attention to engagement of local communities. This study opens the possibility of refining and adapting the criteria developed through the PIMR case study as starting point for other Large-Scale MPAs, as their global expansion could benefit from comparative analysis. It also acknowledges the importance of having comparative design and management guides, contributing towards globally recognized standards for large-scale MPAs.

scholarly journals Marine Protected Areas and Area-Based Management in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-185
Author(s):  
Joanna Mossop
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Marine Protection

New Zealand’s maritime zones cover a very large area. This article explores the extent to which these maritime zones are protected through marine protected areas and area-based management. There are several different types of protection in New Zealand waters, from marine reserves that prohibit fishing to marine mammal sanctuaries and benthic protection zones. Māori play an important role in the establishment and management of many of these areas. However, in general the legislation that addresses marine protection is disjointed and there are important gaps in coverage. Attempts to reform the legislation have not yet succeeded.

scholarly journals Marine Protected Areas and Area-Based Management in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Mossop
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Marine Protection

New Zealand’s maritime zones cover a very large area. This article explores the extent to which these maritime zones are protected through marine protected areas and area based management. There are several different types of protection in New Zealand waters, from marine reserves that prohibit fishing to marine mammal sanctuaries and benthic protection zones. Māori play an important role in the establishment and management of many of these areas. However, in general the legislation that addresses marine protection is disjointed and there are important gaps in coverage. Attempts to reform the legislation have not yet succeeded.

scholarly journals No-take marine reserves are the most effective protected areas in the ocean

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 1166-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enric Sala ◽  
Sylvaine Giakoumi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Ecological Effects ◽  
Ecosystem Resilience ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Large Animals

Abstract Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an essential tool for reversing the global degradation of ocean life. Hence, it is important to know which types of MPAs are more effective, and under which conditions. No-take marine reserves – the MPAs with stronger protection – are very effective in restoring and preserving biodiversity, and in enhancing ecosystem resilience. A new meta-analysis of previous studies shows that biomass of whole fish assemblages in marine reserves is, on average, 670% greater than in adjacent unprotected areas, and 343% greater than in partially-protected MPAs. Marine reserves also help restore the complexity of ecosystems through a chain of ecological effects (trophic cascades) once the abundance of large animals recovers sufficiently. Marine reserves may not be immune to the effects of climate change, but to date, reserves with complex ecosystems are more resilient than unprotected areas. Although marine reserves were conceived to protect ecosystems within their boundaries, they have also been shown to enhance local fisheries and create jobs and new incomes through ecotourism.

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