Mental Health Problems among Prison Inmates: the Effect of Welfare Deficiencies, Drug Use and Self‐Efficacy

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Friestad ◽  
Inger Lise Skog Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Prison Inmates

Six-year follow-up study of combined type ADHD from childhood to young adulthood: Predictors of functional impairment and comorbid symptoms

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Cadman ◽  
J. Findon ◽  
H. Eklund ◽  
H. Hayward ◽  
D. Howley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Population Norms ◽  
Police Contact ◽  
Dsm Iv

AbstractBackgroundADHD in childhood is associated with development of negative psychosocial and behavioural outcomes in adults. Yet, relatively little is known about which childhood and adulthood factors are predictive of these outcomes and could be targets for effective interventions. To date follow-up studies have largely used clinical samples from the United States with children ascertained at baseline using broad criteria for ADHD including all clinical subtypes or the use of DSM III criteria.AimsTo identify child and adult predictors of comorbid and psychosocial comorbid outcomes in ADHD in a UK sample of children with DSM-IV combined type ADHD.MethodOne hundred and eighteen adolescents and young adults diagnosed with DSM-IV combined type ADHD in childhood were followed for an average of 6 years. Comorbid mental health problems, drug and alcohol use and police contact were compared for those with persistent ADHD, sub-threshold ADHD and population norms taken from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Study 2007. Predictors included ADHD symptomology and gender.ResultsPersistent ADHD was associated with greater levels of anger, fatigue, sleep problems and anxiety compared to sub-threshold ADHD. Comorbid mental health problems were predicted by current symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity, but not by childhood ADHD severity. Both persistent and sub-threshold ADHD was associated with higher levels of drug use and police contact compared to population norms.ConclusionsYoung adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD showed increased rates of comorbid mental health problems, which were predicted by current levels of ADHD symptoms. This suggests the importance of the continuing treatment of ADHD throughout the transitional years and into adulthood. Drug use and police contact were more common in ADHD but were not predicted by ADHD severity in this sample.

scholarly journals Perceived need, barriers to and facilitators of mental health care among HIV-infected PWID in Hanoi, Vietnam: a qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh X. Nguyen ◽  
Vivian F. Go ◽  
Quynh X. Bui ◽  
Bradley N. Gaynes ◽  
Brian W. Pence
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems

Abstract Background The HIV epidemic in Vietnam has been primarily driven by injection drug use. HIV-infected people who inject drugs (PWID) in Vietnam have very high rates of mental health problems, which can accelerate progression to AIDS and increase mortality rates. No research has explored the barriers and facilitators of mental health care for HIV-infected PWID in Vietnam. Methods We conducted 28 in-depth interviews among HIV-infected PWID (n = 16), HIV and MMT (methadone maintenance treatment) providers (n = 8), and health officials (n = 4) in Hanoi. We explored participants’ perceptions of mental health disorders, and barriers and facilitators to seeking and receiving mental health care. Results HIV-infected PWID were perceived by both PWID, HIV/MMT providers, and health officials to be vulnerable to mental health problems and to have great need for mental health care. Perceived social, physical, and economical barriers included stigma towards HIV, injection drug use, and mental illnesses; lack of awareness around mental health issues; lack of human resources, facilities and information on mental health services; and limited affordability of mental health services. Social support from family and healthcare providers was a perceived facilitator of mental health care. Conclusions Interventions should raise self-awareness of HIV-infected PWID about common mental health problems; address social, physical, economic barriers to seeking mental health services; and increase social support for patients.

scholarly journals Drug use and criminality among unaccompanied refugee minors: a review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Karin Ivert ◽  
Mia-Maria Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
International Research ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Unaccompanied Refugee Minors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Refugee Minors

Purpose Organisations working with children have acknowledged that unaccompanied refugee minors (URM) across Europe are exposed to environments and situations that put them at risk for becoming addicted to drugs or becoming involved in crime. The purpose of this paper is to study an examination of existing international research concerning URM and of whether, and if so how, issues relating to drug use and criminality among these children are discussed in the international literature. Design/methodology/approach A literature review was conducted using PsycINFO, PubMed, Sociological abstracts and ERIC databases, which together cover the social and behavioural science and also medicine. Findings Findings from the present review show that the issues of drug abuse and criminality among URM are rarely acknowledged in the international research literature. When the occurrence of substance abuse and/or criminality is discussed, it is often in relation to mental health problems and in terms of self-medication, i.e. that alcohol or drugs are used by the URM to cope with painful experiences or mental health problems, and also with the challenges of integrating into a new society, difficulties finding work, unsuitable living conditions and a lack of social support. Originality/value This review shows that several researchers have emphasised that untreated mental health problems, stressful living conditions and a lack of support and control might put these children at risk for substance abuse and criminality, and this suggests a need for further research in this area.

scholarly journals Postnatal Mental Health, Breastfeeding Beliefs, and Breastfeeding Practices in Rural China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Jiang ◽  
Evelyn Zhang ◽  
Nourya Cohen ◽  
Mika Ohtori ◽  
Sabrina Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Breastfeeding Attitude

Abstract Background The importance of breastfeeding in low- and middle- income countries is well recognized, yet the importance of postnatal mental health on breastfeeding practices and beliefs in these settings has been understudied. This study investigates the associations between maternal mental health problems and breastfeeding beliefs as well as practices in rural China. Methods Cross-sectional data were collected from 742 mothers of infants under six months old in rural Sichuan Province, China. Surveys collected data on maternal mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms), breastfeeding beliefs (attitudes and self-efficacy), and breastfeeding practices. Ordinary least squares regression, multiple logistic regression and heterogeneous effect analyses were used to determine the associations between maternal mental health and breastfeeding outcomes. Results Among all respondents, 13% showed symptoms of depression, 16% anxiety, and 9% stress. The prevalence of full breastfeeding was 59.3%. Breastfeeding attitude was significantly associated with symptoms of depression (p = 0.023) and breastfeeding self-efficacy with symptoms of depression (p = 0.001) and symptoms of stress (p = 0.020). However, there were no significant associations between symptoms of mental health problems and full breastfeeding. The heterogeneous effects analyses revealed that full breastfeeding was negatively associated with stress symptoms when the infant was from a high-income family (p = 0.011). In addition, full breastfeeding was negatively associated with the father having a higher education level (p = 0.026, p = 0.048, and p = 0.020) and the infant being older than 2 months old (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.00), regardless of maternal mental health problem symptoms. Conclusion Symptoms of maternal mental health problems are significantly associated with breastfeeding attitude and self-efficacy, yet has less of an association with breastfeeding practices. To improve breastfeeding practices, interventions need a multi-dimensional approach that should not only focus on improving maternal mental well-being but also consider demographic background characteristics.

scholarly journals Identifying Return to Work Self-Efficacy Trajectories in Employees with Mental Health Problems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Horn ◽  
Maitta Spronken ◽  
Evelien P. M. Brouwers ◽  
Renée S. M. de Reuver ◽  
Margot C. W. Joosen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Work Characteristics ◽  
Class 1

AbstractPurpose Return to work self-efficacy (RTW-SE) is a strong predictor of return to work (RTW) in employees with mental health problems (MHPs). However, little is known about the development of RTW-SE during the RTW process. In this study, we aimed to identify RTW-SE trajectories in the year following sick leave in employees with MHPs and provided a description of the trajectories in terms of personal and work characteristics, and RTW status. Methods This multi-wave study included 111 employees with MHPs. RTW-SE was measured at baseline, and at 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up with the RTW-SE scale for employees with MHPs. Results Latent class growth analysis revealed six trajectories. In three trajectories employees had increasing RTW-SE scores, namely (class 1) low start, moderate increase, (class 3) moderate start, small increase and (class 5) moderate start, steep increase. The other trajectories were defined by (class 2) persistently high, (class 6) persistently low, and (class 4) decreasing RTW-SE scores over time. Employees across the various trajectories differed significantly with respect to RTW status, and personal and work characteristics measured at baseline, including age, gender, and type of MHP. Less favorable trajectories (class 4 and 6) were characterized by higher age, a higher prevalence of anxiety disorder and lower RTW rates. The most favorable trajectory (class 2) was characterized by a higher proportion of stress-related disorders and less major depression diagnoses. Conclusions Large heterogeneity exists in terms of RTW-SE trajectories in employees with MHPs and significant differences were found across the trajectories regarding personal and work characteristics, and RTW status. Insights into RTW-SE trajectories and their attributes are important to advance more effective and personalized RTW treatment for employees with MHPs.

Substance misuse, mental health problems and recurrent child maltreatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Laslett ◽  
Robin Room ◽  
Paul Dietze
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the diagnosis of both carers’ mental health problems and substance misuse increase the likelihood of recurrent child maltreatment over and above the individual effects of these factors. Design/methodology/approach – Retrospective secondary data analysis of 29,455 children where child maltreatment was confirmed in the Victorian child protection system between 2001 and 2005. Recorded mental health, alcohol misuse and other drug misuse variables were entered into multivariate logistic regression models predicting repeated child maltreatment. Interactions and a range of other child, carer and socio-economic factors were included in these models. Findings – Carer alcohol misuse, other drug misuse and mental ill health all independently predicted recurrent child maltreatment. The presence of both other drug misuse and mental ill health increased the likelihood that recurrent child abuse was recorded over the likelihood that mental health alone predicted recurrent child maltreatment, and while alcohol misuse had an effect when there was no mental health condition recorded it did not have an additional effect when there was evidence of mental health problems. Research limitations/implications – Children in families where there is both mental health problems and other drug use problems are at greater risk of repeated maltreatment than where there is evidence of mental health problems or other drug use alone. Where there was evidence of carer mental health problems, alcohol misuse did not add to this likelihood. However, the effect of mental health and other drug use was similar in size to the effect of alcohol misuse alone. Originality/value – These findings add to understandings of the effects of co-occurring mental health problems and substance misuse on recurrent child maltreatment and differentiate between cases that involve alcohol and other drug misuse.

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