Predicting gambling behaviour and problems from implicit and explicit positive gambling outcome expectancies in regular gamblers

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Stewart ◽  
Sherry H. Stewart ◽  
Sunghwan Yi ◽  
Michael Ellery
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Expectancies ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Gambling Outcome Expectancies

scholarly journals Ecological Momentary Assessment of the Relationship between Positive Outcome Expectancies and Gambling Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1709
Author(s):  
Nicki A. Dowling ◽  
Stephanie S. Merkouris ◽  
Kimberley Spence
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Outcome Expectancies ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Reciprocal Relationships ◽  
Gambling Severity ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Gambling Outcome Expectancies ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Relapse prevention models suggest that positive outcome expectancies can constitute situational determinants of relapse episodes that interact with other factors to determine the likelihood of relapse. The primary aims were to examine reciprocal relationships between situational positive gambling outcome expectancies and gambling behaviour and moderators of these relationships. An online survey and a 28 day Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) were administered to 109 past-month gamblers (84% with gambling problems). EMA measures included outcome expectancies (enjoyment/arousal, self-enhancement, money), self-efficacy, craving, negative emotional state, interpersonal conflict, social pressure, positive emotional state, financial pressures, and gambling behaviour (episodes, expenditure). Pre-EMA measures included problem gambling severity, motives, psychological distress, coping strategies, and outcome expectancies. No reciprocal relationships between EMA outcome expectancies and gambling behaviour (episodes, expenditure) were identified. Moderations predicting gambling episodes revealed: (1) cravings and problem gambling exacerbated effects of enjoyment/arousal expectancies; (2) positive emotional state and positive reframing coping exacerbated effects of self-enhancement expectancies; and (3) instrumental social support buffered effects of money expectancies. Positive outcome expectancies therefore constitute situational determinants of gambling behaviour, but only when they interact with other factors. All pre-EMA expectancies predicted problem gambling severity (OR = 1.61–3.25). Real-time interventions addressing gambling outcome expectancies tailored to vulnerable gamblers are required.

scholarly journals Measuring Gambling Outcome Expectancies in Adolescents: Testing the Psychometric Properties of a Modified Version of the Gambling Expectancy Questionnaire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Anna Donati ◽  
Jeffrey L. Derevensky ◽  
Beatrice Cipollini ◽  
Laura Di Leonardo ◽  
Giuseppe Iraci Sareri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Outcome Expectancies ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Response Scale ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gambling Outcome Expectancies

AbstractThe Gambling Expectancy Questionnaire (GEQ; Gillespie et al. 2007a) is a 23-item scale assessing three positive outcome expectancies (Enjoyment/Arousal, Money, Self-Enhancement) and two negative outcome expectancies (Over-Involvement, Emotional Impact) related to gambling. It is the most used instrument to assess gambling outcome expectancies in adolescents and it has good psychometric properties. To allow a greater and more useful application of the scale, the present study aimed to modify the GEQ to make it usable with all adolescents, regardless of their gambling behaviour and to verify its psychometric properties. To that aim, the items were modified and the response scale was reduced from a seven-point to a five-point Likert scale. To verify the adequacy of the modified scale, two studies were conducted among Italian adolescents. In the first study (n = 501, 75% males, Mage = 16.74, SD = .88), after having removed four items and relocating another through explorative factor analysis, the original five-factor structure of the scale was confirmed by applying a confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability and validity evidence were also provided. The second study (n = 1894, 61% males, Mage = 15.68, SD = .71) attested its invariance across gambling behaviour status and gender. The modified version of the GEQ (GEQ – MOD) can be profitably used for research and preventive purposes with youth.

Examining the effects of gambling-relevant cues on gambling outcome expectancies

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hudson ◽  
K. Gough ◽  
S. Yi ◽  
M. Stiles ◽  
P. Davis MacNevin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Expectancies ◽  
Gambling Outcome Expectancies

Beïnvloedt de NIX18-campagne impliciete en expliciete cognities van volwassenen?

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Müller ◽  
Cis Thijssen
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Outcome Expectancies ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Alcohol Outcome Expectancies ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Cognitions ◽  
Affective Priming Task

Does the NIX18-campaign influence implicit and explicit cognitions in adults? Research has shown that often, the effectiveness of anti-alcohol mass media campaigns is not experimentally tested, meaning that it is unclear whether such campaigns are successful in altering alcohol-related cognitions. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether the Dutch NIX18-campaign is successful in influencing implicit associations (measured with an affective priming task) and explicit cognitions (i.e., alcohol outcome expectancies) concerning alcohol. Additionally, a possible relationship with negative evaluations of the campaign and psychological reactance was investigated. Participants implicit and explicit cognitions were measured before they were presented with either three NIX18-campaign movies or no movies (control condition). Subsequently, their implicit and explicit cognitions were measured again. Results show that whether participants watched the movies or not had no influence on implicit associations but increased alcohol outcome expectancies. No effect on evaluation and reactance was found. Possible theoretical and practical explanations are discussed.

scholarly journals II. The utility of outcome expectancies in the prediction of adolescent gambling behaviour

2007 ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith A. M. Gillespie ◽  
Jeffrey Derevensky ◽  
Rina Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Expectancies ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Adolescent Gambling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Males And Females

The Gambling Expectancy Questionnaire (GEQ; Gillespie, Derevensky & Gupta, 2006, previous article) suggests that adolescents hold a variety of positive and negative outcome expectancies related to gambling. Significant age, gender, and DSM-IV-MR-J gambling group differences were identified on the scales of the GEQ (i.e., enjoyment/arousal, self-enhancement, money, overinvolvement, emotional impact) in this study. Direct logistic regression among adolescent gamblers was performed separately for males and females to predict group membership in either social or problem gambling categories. The results provide insightful information suggesting that non-gamblers, social gamblers, at-risk gamblers, and probable pathological gamblers (PPGs) differ in the strength of their expectancies of both the positive and negative outcomes of gambling behaviour. In particular, PPGs highly anticipate both the positive and negative outcomes of gambling. Among males, these perceptions differentiate those who gamble excessively and those who do not. For females, outcome expectancies may have less predictive value. These findings were interpreted in terms of their implications for prevention, treatment, and future research.

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