Measuring Gambling Outcome Expectancies in Adolescents: Testing the Psychometric Properties of a Modified Version of the Gambling Expectancy Questionnaire

AbstractThe Gambling Expectancy Questionnaire (GEQ; Gillespie et al. 2007a) is a 23-item scale assessing three positive outcome expectancies (Enjoyment/Arousal, Money, Self-Enhancement) and two negative outcome expectancies (Over-Involvement, Emotional Impact) related to gambling. It is the most used instrument to assess gambling outcome expectancies in adolescents and it has good psychometric properties. To allow a greater and more useful application of the scale, the present study aimed to modify the GEQ to make it usable with all adolescents, regardless of their gambling behaviour and to verify its psychometric properties. To that aim, the items were modified and the response scale was reduced from a seven-point to a five-point Likert scale. To verify the adequacy of the modified scale, two studies were conducted among Italian adolescents. In the first study (n = 501, 75% males, Mage = 16.74, SD = .88), after having removed four items and relocating another through explorative factor analysis, the original five-factor structure of the scale was confirmed by applying a confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability and validity evidence were also provided. The second study (n = 1894, 61% males, Mage = 15.68, SD = .71) attested its invariance across gambling behaviour status and gender. The modified version of the GEQ (GEQ – MOD) can be profitably used for research and preventive purposes with youth.

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Ecological Momentary Assessment of the Relationship between Positive Outcome Expectancies and Gambling Behaviour

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10081709 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1709

Author(s):

Nicki A. Dowling ◽

Stephanie S. Merkouris ◽

Kimberley Spence

Keyword(s):

Problem Gambling ◽

Emotional State ◽

Positive Outcome ◽

Outcome Expectancies ◽

Gambling Behaviour ◽

Reciprocal Relationships ◽

Gambling Severity ◽

Ecological Momentary ◽

Gambling Outcome Expectancies ◽

Momentary Assessment

Relapse prevention models suggest that positive outcome expectancies can constitute situational determinants of relapse episodes that interact with other factors to determine the likelihood of relapse. The primary aims were to examine reciprocal relationships between situational positive gambling outcome expectancies and gambling behaviour and moderators of these relationships. An online survey and a 28 day Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) were administered to 109 past-month gamblers (84% with gambling problems). EMA measures included outcome expectancies (enjoyment/arousal, self-enhancement, money), self-efficacy, craving, negative emotional state, interpersonal conflict, social pressure, positive emotional state, financial pressures, and gambling behaviour (episodes, expenditure). Pre-EMA measures included problem gambling severity, motives, psychological distress, coping strategies, and outcome expectancies. No reciprocal relationships between EMA outcome expectancies and gambling behaviour (episodes, expenditure) were identified. Moderations predicting gambling episodes revealed: (1) cravings and problem gambling exacerbated effects of enjoyment/arousal expectancies; (2) positive emotional state and positive reframing coping exacerbated effects of self-enhancement expectancies; and (3) instrumental social support buffered effects of money expectancies. Positive outcome expectancies therefore constitute situational determinants of gambling behaviour, but only when they interact with other factors. All pre-EMA expectancies predicted problem gambling severity (OR = 1.61–3.25). Real-time interventions addressing gambling outcome expectancies tailored to vulnerable gamblers are required.

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Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Attitudes Toward Accompanied Driving Scale and its relationship with driving styles

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0242374 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0242374

Author(s):

Long Sun ◽

Yueying Pan ◽

Ye Tian

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Chinese Version ◽

Factorial Structure ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

Young Drivers ◽

Confirmatory Factor

The present study aimed to adapt the Attitudes Toward Accompanied Driving Scale (ATADS) to a Chinese drivers sample and to examine its reliability and validity. Five hundred and seventy-two drivers aged 18 to 25 years old were asked to complete the ATADS and a validated Chinese version of the Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory. The factorial structure of the ATADS was examined using exploratory factor analysis (N = 259) and confirmatory factor analysis (N = 313). The validity of the scale was evaluated by examining the associations between the ATADS factors, demographic variables and driving styles. The results showed that both the findings of the EFA and CFA showed a five-factor structure of the ATADS, including tension, relatedness, avoidance, disapproval and anxiety. Second, significant gender differences were found in tension, relatedness, avoidance and anxiety. Third, tension, avoidance, disapproval and anxiety were moderately or weakly correlated with risky, anxious, angry and careful driving styles. Moreover, the number of traffic accidents after the accompanying phase was positively correlated with disapproval and avoidance. The findings supported the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the ATADS and highlighted the adverse effects of young drivers’ negative attitudes toward accompanied driving on their driving styles.

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Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Diagnostic Interview for Depressive Personality

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.11.003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (8) ◽

pp. 582-590

Author(s):

L.J. Irastorza ◽

P. Rojano ◽

T. Gonzalez-Salvador ◽

J. Cotobal ◽

M. Leira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Cutoff Point ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

Language Version ◽

Depressive Personality

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Spanish-language version of the Diagnostic Interview for Depressive Personality (DIDP). The DIDP was administered to 328 consecutive outpatients and the test–retest and inter-rater reliability were assessed. Factor analysis was used in search of factors capable of explaining the scale and a cutoff point was established. The DIDP scales showed adequate Cronbach's α values and acceptable test–retest and inter-rater reliability coefficients. Convergent and discriminant validity were explored, the latter with respect to avoidant and borderline personality disorders. The results of the factor analysis were consistent with the four-factor structure of the DIDP scales. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed the area under the curve to be 0.848. We found 30 to be a good cutoff point, with a sensitivity of 74.5% and a specificity of 78.5%. The DIDP proved to be a reliable and valid instrument for assessing depressive personality disorder, at least among our outpatients. The psychometric properties of the DIDP support its clinical usefulness in assessing depressive personality.

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Predicting gambling behaviour and problems from implicit and explicit positive gambling outcome expectancies in regular gamblers

International Gambling Studies ◽

10.1080/14459795.2014.1000357 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 124-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Melissa J. Stewart ◽

Sherry H. Stewart ◽

Sunghwan Yi ◽

Michael Ellery

Keyword(s):

Outcome Expectancies ◽

Gambling Behaviour ◽

Implicit And Explicit ◽

Gambling Outcome Expectancies

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Cyberbullying among Adolescents: Psychometric Properties of the CYB-AGS Cyber-Aggressor Scale

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17093090 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 3090 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sofia Buelga ◽

Javier Postigo ◽

Belén Martínez-Ferrer ◽

María-Jesús Cava ◽

Jessica Ortega-Barón

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Anger Expression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cyber Aggression ◽

Institutional Authority ◽

Positive Correlations

The present study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the revised version of the Adolescent Cyber-Aggressor scale (CYB-AGS). This scale is composed of 18 items that measure direct and indirect cyberbullying. A cross-sectional study was conducted using two independent samples of adolescents. The first sample included 1318 adolescents (52.6% girls) from 12 to 16 years old (M = 13.89, SD = 1.32). The second sample included 1188 adolescents (48.5% boys) from 12 to 16 years old (M = 14.19, SD = 1.80). First, to study the psychometric properties of the CYB-AGS, exploratory factor analysis was performed on Sample 1. Results indicated a two-factor structure: direct cyber-aggression and indirect cyber-aggression. Second, to verify the structure of the CYB-AGS, we selected Sample 2 to conduct confirmatory factor analysis and test the scale’s convergent validity with theoretically-related measures. Results confirmed the reliability and validity of the two-dimensional model. Moreover, measurement invariance was established. Finally, regarding convergent validity, positive correlations were obtained between cyberbullying and aggressive behaviors in school, anger expression, negative attitudes towards school, and transgression of norms. Furthermore, negative correlations were found between cyberbullying and attitudes towards institutional authority.

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Factor structure and psychometric properties of Chinese version of Beck Anxiety Inventory in Chinese doctors

Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1177/1359105316658971 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 657-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ying Liang ◽

Lei Wang ◽

Jianbo Zhu

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Eastern China ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Chinese Version ◽

Beck Anxiety Inventory ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Potential Factor

This study analyses the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Beck Anxiety Inventory on Chinese doctors. Participants include 762 doctors sampled in 18 public hospitals in three cities in Eastern China. Exploratory factor analysis is employed to identify the potential factor structure of the inventory. Confirmatory factor analysis is referred to for model fit. The results indicate that the Chinese version of Beck Anxiety Inventory has satisfactory reliability and validity, but its factor structure is unstable and has great differences compared with international versions. Naming the four extracted factors is difficult. In general, the Chinese version of Beck Anxiety Inventory is appropriate for Chinese doctors and can be used as a good screener to detect the anxiety of Chinese doctors.

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Spanish versión of the Short Depression-Happiness Scale (SDHS): A Reliability and Validity study in a simple of Spanish Elderly People [Adaptación española de la escala breve de depresión-felicidad: un estudio de validación y fiabilidad en una muestra de personas mayores]

Acción Psicológica ◽

10.5944/ap.15.1.21196 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diego Lomas Martínez ◽

Juan José Fernández Muñoz ◽

Esperanza Navarro-Pardo

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Elderly People ◽

General Health ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Model Fit ◽

Validity Study ◽

Practical Implications

AbstractThe psychometric properties of the Short Depression-Happiness Scale (SDHS) were analyzed in a sample of 216 Spanish elderly people with an average age of 73.89 (SD = 6.49). An exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were developed in order to identify the factorial solution and the best model fit. Just on factor was identified. Regarding reliability and validity, internal consistency index was .757 and the correlation between the Short Depression-Happiness Scale (SDHS) and measures of others construct, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD) (CESD), were significance. The practical implications of the scale and the index values obtained are discussed. ResumenSe analizaron las propiedades psicométricas de la Short Depression-Happiness Scale (SDHS) en una muestra de 216 mayores con una edad promedio de 73.89 (DT = 6.49). Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio para identificar la estructura factorial y el mejor ajuste del modelo. La solución estaba compuesta de un único factor. Con respecto a la fiabilidad y validez, el índice de consistencia interna fue de .757 y la correlación entre la Escala Breve de depresión-felicidad y las medidas de otros constructos, entre otros, el Cuestionario de Salud General (GHQ) y el Centro de Escala de Depresión de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CESD) fueron significantes. Se discuten las implicaciones prácticas de la escala y los valores de los índices obtenidos.

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Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale: A Preliminary Report

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.573803 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ying Li ◽

Douglas W. Woods ◽

Yi Gu ◽

Liping Yu ◽

Junjuan Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Preliminary Report ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Age Groups ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Chinese Version ◽

Tic Disorders ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Premonitory Urge

Premonitory urges (PUs) are sensory phenomena that immediately precede tics. The Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS) is widely used to assess the severity of PUs, but the psychometric properties of PUTS and clinical features of PU in Chinese patients with tic disorders are still unclear. In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the PUTS in a large sample (including 367 Chinese pediatric patients with tic disorders). We found no difference in PU in different age groups. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of PUTS showed the emergence of four primary factors. The results of reliability and validity analyses indicated that the Chinese version showed good psychometric properties. It seemed that PU was associated with the severity of obsession symptoms in patients with tic disorders. Network analysis showed that Item 7 is a critical node for the PU, in addition to Items 1 and 4. Overall, the Chinese version of PUTS can be used in Chinese child and adolescent patients with tic disorders, particularly for patients with Tourette syndrome.

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Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Comunicación Familiar en estudiantes universitarios / Psychometric Properties of the Family Communication Scale in College Students

Revista Costarricense de Psicología ◽

10.22544/rcps.v35i01.03 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Anthony John Erik Copez-Lonzoy ◽

David Villarreal-Zegarra ◽

Ángel Paz-Jesús

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Family Communication ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Model Errors ◽

Gender Invariance ◽

The Family ◽

And Gender ◽

High Level ◽

Communication Scale

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Comunicación Familiar (FCS) en una muestra de 491 estudiantes de una universidad privada en Lima Metropolitana, cuyas edades oscilan entre 16 y 28 años (M = 20.31, DE = 3.08). La muestra se dividió en dos grupos proporcionales. En el primero se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, χ² (45) = 966.8, p < .001, n = 246, para comparar los índices de bondad de ajuste en modelos de uno, dos y tres factores y encontrar un mejor ajuste en una solución unifactorial GFI = .99, RMCR = .06. Posteriormente, en el segundo grupo, se llevó a cabo el análisis factorial confirmatorio al comparar soluciones de uno, dos y tres factores. Se evidenció un mejor ajuste en un modelo de una dimensión χ² = 80.31; χ²/gl = 2.36; CFI = 1.00; GFI = .995; AGFI = .992; RMSEA = .000; RMR = .050 (n = 245). Se analizaron los errores del modelo y la invarianza por sexo y, finalmente, se estableció la confiabilidad con diferentes estimadores del alfa. Se obtuvo un alto nivel de consistencia interna. Se concluye que la FCS presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, que apoyan su uso como instrumento de evaluación de la comunicación familiar en universitarios. Abstract:The aim of this paper is to analyze the psychometric properties of the Family Communication Scale (FCS) in a sample of 491 students at a private university in Lima, Peru, aged between 16 and 28 years (χ. = 20.31, SD = 3.08). The sample was divided into two proportional groups. In the first, an exploratory factor analysis was made: χ. (45) = 966.8, p < .000, n = 246; extracting one dimension by the parallel analysis method, GFI = .99, RMCR = .06. Later, in the second group, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted: χ. = 80.31; χ./d.f. = 2.36; CFI = 1.00; GFI = .995; AGFI = .992; RMSEA = .000; RMR = .050 (n = 245), suitably adjusted to a single dimension. Model errors and gender invariance were analyzed and finally a reliability alpha was established with different estimators, obtaining a high level of internal consistency. We conclude that the FCS presents adequate psychometric properties that support its use as an assessment tool for family communication in college.

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CSI-SF: Psychometric properties of spanish version of the coping strategies inventory - short form

Anales de Psicología ◽

10.6018/analesps.478671 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 85-92

Author(s):

Jordi Tous-Pallarés ◽

Ivette Margarita Espinoza-Díaz ◽

Susana Lucas-Mangas ◽

Lorena Valdivieso-León ◽

María del Rosario Gómez-Romero

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Short Form ◽

High Reliability ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Spanish Version ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

The Face ◽

Stress Coping Strategies

Background / Objective: The study establishes the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the abbreviated version of the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI-SF) published by Addison et al. (2007). The test uses a two-axis model to classify coping strategies (commitment and avoidance) and objective categories of coping (problem-focused and emotion-focused). Method: 940 people participated (62.87% women; 37.12% men) aged between 18 and 66 years (x̄ = 33.2; dt = 12.01). An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were carried out, as well as Pearson's correlation and Cronbach's Alpha to examine the reliability and validity of the Spanish adaptation of the CSI-SF. Results: Internal consistency analysis revealed high reliability for all scales, and all adjustment indexes used to examine the CSI-SF Spanish version provided support for its use as an adequate measure of stress coping strategies. Discussion/Conclusions: The CSI-SF scale Spanish version is a test that provides a quick and efficient diagnosis of the coping strategies used in the face of stress in different settings. Antecedentes/Objetivo: El estudio establece las propiedades psicométricas de la adaptación española de la versión abreviada del Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento (CSI-SF) publicado por Addison et al. (2007). La prueba utiliza un modelo de dos ejes para clasificar las estrategias de afrontamiento (de compromiso y de evitación) y las categorías objetivas del afrontamiento (centrada en el problema y centrada en la emoción). Método: Participaron 940 personas (62.87% mujeres; 37.12% hombres) divididas en dos submuestras. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), así mismo la correlación de Pearson y el Alfa de Cronbach para examinar la fiabilidad y validez de la adaptación al español del CSI-SF. Resultados: El análisis de consistencia interna reveló una alta fiabilidad para todas las escalas (EFE = .890, PFE = .836. PFD = .767, EFD = .934), y todos los índices de ajuste utilizados para examinar el CSI-SF versión española proporcionaron soporte para su uso como una medida adecuada de las estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés. Discusión/Conclusión: La escala CSI-SF versión española es una prueba que proporciona un diagnóstico rápido y eficiente cuyos factores explican el 62.79% de la varianza común total de las estrategias de afrontamiento que se emplean frente a la situación de estrés en distintos ámbitos.

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