Cultivar specificity with respect toin vitromicropropagation ofMusaspp. (banana and plantain)

1997 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kshanika Hirimburegama ◽  
Niranjali Gamage
Keyword(s):  
Cultivar Specificity

scholarly journals Characterization of the Overlapping Promoters of nolB and nolW, Two Soybean Cultivar Specificity Genes from Rhizobium fredii Strain USDA257

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Gu ◽  
Pedro A. Balatti ◽  
Hari B. Krishnan ◽  
Steven G. Pueppke
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Initiation Site ◽  
Dual Control ◽  
Start Site ◽  
Rhizobium Fredii ◽  
Normal Expression ◽  
Transcript Initiation ◽  
Cultivar Specificity ◽  
Transcript Start Site

The transcripts of nolW and nolB, two divergently oriented cultivar specificity genes of Rhizobium fredii strain USDA257, are known to be initiated 14 bp apart from promoters that face one another. We show here that expression of nolB is dependent both on induction with flavonoid signals and on the regulatory gene, nodD1. Expression of nolW is constitutive and independent of flavonoids and nodD1. Normal expression of nolB is retained with a promoter that extends only 61 bp upstream of the transcript start site, but it is lost if an additional 24 bp are removed. Substantial expression of nolW is retained with a promoter that contains only 34 bp of DNA upstream from the transcript initiation site. The dual control region for the two genes is thus only about 109 bp in length.

The risk of wheat blast in rice-wheat-co-planting regions in China: MoO strains of Pyricularia oryzae cause typical symptom and host reaction on both wheat leaves and spikes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhen Wang ◽  
Jiaoyu Wang ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Zhongna Hao ◽  
Xueming Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Typical Symptom ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Cultivar Specificity ◽  
Heading Stage

Triticum pathotype (MoT) of Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Pyricularia oryzae) causes wheat blast, which has recently spread to Asia. To assess the potential risk of wheat blast in rice-wheat growing regions, we investigated the pathogenicity of 14 isolates of P. oryzae on 32 wheat cultivars, among which MoO isolates were completely avirulent on the wheat cultivars at 22℃, but caused various infection degrees at 25℃. These reactions at 25℃ were isolate- and cultivar- dependent like race-cultivar specificity which was also recognized at the heading stage and caused typical blast symptoms on spikes. Microscopic analyses indicated that a compatible MoO isolates produced appressoria and infection hyphae on wheat as on rice. By comparing transcriptomes in wheat-MoO interactions, a bulk of pathogen-related genes was up-/down- regulated in compatible and incompatible patterns, but that changes of gene transcription were more significant in compatible pattern. These results indicate that the temperature could influence the infection ratio of wheat with MoO, and some MoO strains could be potential pathogens that increase the risk for the outbreak of wheat blast in wheat-rice growing regions with global warming. In addition, certain wheat cultivars exhibited resistance and are assumed to carry promoting resistant genes to the MoO strains.

scholarly journals Understanding Cultivar-Specificity and Soil Determinants of the Cannabis Microbiome

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e99641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max E. Winston ◽  
Jarrad Hampton-Marcell ◽  
Iratxe Zarraonaindia ◽  
Sarah M. Owens ◽  
Corrie S. Moreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultivar Specificity

scholarly journals NolX of Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257, a Type III-Secreted Protein Involved in Host Range Determination, Is Localized in the Infection Threads of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) and Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Nodules

2002 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari B. Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Sinorhizobium Fredii ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Infection Threads ◽  
Cultivar Specificity

ABSTRACT Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 forms nitrogen-fixing nodules on soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) in a cultivar-specific manner. This strain forms nodules on primitive soybean cultivars but fails to nodulate agronomically improved North American cultivars. Soybean cultivar specificity is regulated by the nolXWBTUV locus, which encodes part of a type III secretion system (TTSS). NolX, a soybean cultivar specificity protein, is secreted by TTSS and shows homology to HrpF of the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. It is not known whether NolX functions at the bacterium-plant interface or acts inside the host cell. Antibodies raised against S. fredii USDA257 NolX were used in immunocytochemical studies to investigate the subcellular localization of this protein. Immunostaining of paraffin-embedded sections of developing soybean and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) nodules revealed localization of NolX in the infection threads. Protein A-gold immunocytochemical localization studies utilizing affinity-purified NolX antibodies revealed specific deposition of gold particles in the fibrillar material inside infection threads. Similar immunogold localization studies failed to detect NolX in thin sections of mature soybean and cowpea nodules. The results from this study indicate that NolX is expressed in planta only during the early stages of nodule development.

Erratum to: Two novel chromosomal loci influence cultivar-specific nodulation failure in the interaction between strain ANU794 and subterranean clover cv. Woogenellup

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 907
Author(s):  
Louise F. Roddam ◽  
Wendy R. Lewis-Henderson ◽  
Michael A. Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Ribosomal Protein L9 ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Cultivar Specificity

The nodulation failure resulting from the interaction between Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii strain ANU794 and the Trifolium subterraneum cv. Woogenellup was examined by transposon mutagenesis to resolve whether multiple determinants were involved in cultivar-specificity. Three new transposon-induced mutants of ANU794 (W72, W78 and W710) with significantly enhanced nodulation ability on cv. Woogenellup were identified. The W72 and W78 mutations are chromosomally-located, whereas the W710 mutation isplasmid-located. The ethylene synthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine, fails to enhance the nodulation ability of ANU794, ANU7943 (csn1::Tn5) and W78 on cv. Woogenellup, but enhances the nodulation ability of W72,W710 and ANU7941 (nodM::Tn5). DNA sequencing of the W78 locus reveals strong homology to an unknown Mycobacterium open reading frame, and to several bacterial non-haem chloroperoxidases. The previously identified csn1 locus showed homology to the 50S ribosomal protein, L9, with the Tn5 insertion being located in the 5′-untranslated region. The results suggest that cultivar-specificity is mediated by at least two independent mechanisms or determinants, and not by a simple gene-for-gene interaction. The role of ethylene in cultivar specificity is discussed. Cultivar-specific interactions may prove useful in identifying pathways involved in efficient nodule formation and plant-microbe interactions.

Bacterial blight of soybean: regulation of a pathogen gene determining host cultivar specificity

Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 245 (4924) ◽  
pp. 1374-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Huynh ◽  
D Dahlbeck ◽  
B. Staskawicz
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Cultivar Specificity

scholarly journals Variation in Genotype and Aggressiveness of Ralstonia solanacearum Race 1 Isolated from Tomato in Taiwan

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry X. Jaunet ◽  
Jaw-Fen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
General Level ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cultivar Specificity ◽  
Future Population

A population of Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) was analyzed for genetic polymorphism and aggressiveness on tomato. The 46 strains were collected from main tomato-growing areas in Taiwan. Genetic analysis was achieved by two polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods: REP-, ERIC-, and BOX-PCR (collectively as rep-PCR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques. RAPD (with three 10-mers) and rep-PCR revealed 35 and 30 haplotypes, respectively, that were grouped in 14 clusters and 3 clusters, respectively. Distribution of strains into genetic clusters did not appear related to biovar or geographic origin in considering RAPD, rep-PCR, or composite data. Although strains were more dissimilar based on RAPD data than on rep-PCR data, the two techniques gave complementary results for strain clustering. A set of 40 strains representing the main haplotypes was inoculated on six tomato cultivars differing in their bacterial wilt resistance. Six groups differing in general level of aggressiveness and cultivar specificity were detected. Although populations were highly diverse in both genotype and aggressiveness, no association was found between the two characteristics. Although the sample sizes in this study were not adequate to draw definite conclusions about population structure, these results will be valuable for future population genetic studies on R. solanacearum.

Strain and cultivar specificity in the Agrobacterium-chickpea interaction

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Islam ◽  
T. Malik ◽  
T. Husnain ◽  
S. Riazuddin
Keyword(s):  
Cultivar Specificity
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