The risk of wheat blast in rice-wheat-co-planting regions in China: MoO strains of Pyricularia oryzae cause typical symptom and host reaction on both wheat leaves and spikes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhen Wang ◽  
Jiaoyu Wang ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Zhongna Hao ◽  
Xueming Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Typical Symptom ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Cultivar Specificity ◽  
Heading Stage

Triticum pathotype (MoT) of Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Pyricularia oryzae) causes wheat blast, which has recently spread to Asia. To assess the potential risk of wheat blast in rice-wheat growing regions, we investigated the pathogenicity of 14 isolates of P. oryzae on 32 wheat cultivars, among which MoO isolates were completely avirulent on the wheat cultivars at 22℃, but caused various infection degrees at 25℃. These reactions at 25℃ were isolate- and cultivar- dependent like race-cultivar specificity which was also recognized at the heading stage and caused typical blast symptoms on spikes. Microscopic analyses indicated that a compatible MoO isolates produced appressoria and infection hyphae on wheat as on rice. By comparing transcriptomes in wheat-MoO interactions, a bulk of pathogen-related genes was up-/down- regulated in compatible and incompatible patterns, but that changes of gene transcription were more significant in compatible pattern. These results indicate that the temperature could influence the infection ratio of wheat with MoO, and some MoO strains could be potential pathogens that increase the risk for the outbreak of wheat blast in wheat-rice growing regions with global warming. In addition, certain wheat cultivars exhibited resistance and are assumed to carry promoting resistant genes to the MoO strains.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the Wheat Blast Resistance Gene Rmg8 in Bangladesh Suggested by Distribution of an AVR-Rmg8 Allele in the Pyricularia oryzae Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1802-1807
Author(s):  
Jemal Tola Horo ◽  
Soichiro Asuke ◽  
Trinh Thi Phuong Vy ◽  
Yukio Tosa
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Blast Resistance Gene ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Heading Stage

Wheat blast caused by the Triticum pathotype of Pyricularia oryzae was first reported in 1985 in Brazil and recently spread to Bangladesh. We tested whether Rmg8 and RmgGR119, recently identified resistance genes, were effective against Bangladeshi isolates of the pathogen. Common wheat accessions carrying Rmg8 alone (IL191) or both Rmg8 and RmgGR119 (GR119) were inoculated with Brazilian isolates (Br48, Br5, and Br116.5) and Bangladeshi isolates (T-108 and T-109). Br48, T-108, and T-109 carried the eI type of AVR-Rmg8 (the avirulence gene corresponding to Rmg8) while Br5 and Br116.5 carried its variants, eII and eII’ types, respectively. Detached primary leaves of IL191 and GR119 were resistant to all isolates at 25°C. At a higher temperature (28°C), their resistance was still effective against the eI carriers but was reduced to a low level against the eII/eII’ carriers. A survey of databases and sequence analyses revealed that all Bangladeshi isolates carried the eI type which induced a higher level of resistance than the eII/eII’ types. The resistance of IL191 (Rmg8/−) to the eI carriers was maintained even at the heading stage and at the higher temperature. In addition, GR119 (Rmg8/RmgGR119) displayed higher levels of resistance than IL191 at this stage. These results suggest that Rmg8 combined with RmgGR119 will be useful in breeding for resistance against wheat blast in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Effect of the concentration of inoculum and tensoactive on the efficiency of Bipolaris sorokiniana infection in wheat leaves

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlei Melo Reis ◽  
Tiago Zanatta ◽  
Anderson L. Danelli
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Techniques that result in increased pathogen infection rates by employing reduced quantities of fungal spores with sparse sporulation have been developed. Experiments under controlled environment conditions were conducted to evaluate the effect of the density of Bipolaris sorokiniana conidia on the intensity of wheat helminthosporiosis. Using a selected inoculum density, the concentration of the tensoactive (Tween 20) that promoted maximum infection by the causal agent of the disease was determined. The density of lesions and the estimated severity of the disease were quantified. The selected inoculum density was 1.5 x 10(4) spores.mL-1 plus 480 µL tensoactive.L-1 water, resulting in a disease severity that allows selecting wheat cultivars resistant to B. sorokiniana.

scholarly journals Conidia sporulation of Pyricularia oryzae in segments of wheat plants under six different temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Kovaleski ◽  
João Leodato Nunes Maciel ◽  
Gustavo Bilibio dos Santos ◽  
Alieze Nascimento da Silva ◽  
Carolina Cardoso Deuner
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Conidia Production ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT: Wheat blast is known for developing itself more intensely under relatively high temperature conditions but many aspects related to its epidemiology remain unknown. The objective of this research was to evaluate the sporulative capacity of Pyricularia oryzae Triticum (Pot), the causal agent of wheat blast, in tissues of wheat plants under different temperatures degrees. Wheat plants of the cultivar Anahuac 75, susceptible to blast, were inoculated in the stage of flowering with conidial suspensions (105 conidia/mL) of the Pot isolates Py 12.1.209 and Py 12.1.132. Seven days after the inoculation, plants were cut in the following segments: leaves, stems and rachis (with blast severity ranging from 40 to 60%). Groups of each one of the three plant segments with the lesions were disposed in Petri-dish moist chambers, that were submitted to six different temperature treatments (18, 21, 24, 27, 30 and 33 °C). The most appropriate model that related the conidia production with temperature was identified in the evaluations conducted with stems. The established equations allowed identifying that the highest production of conidia of Pot occurs between 24 and 27 °C.

scholarly journals Response of wheat cultivars to foliar potassium fertilization under irrigated saline environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kumar ◽  
A. Sarangi ◽  
D. K. Singh ◽  
A.R. Rao ◽  
S. Sudhishri
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Heading Stage

A field experiment with split-split plot design (SSPD) was conducted to study the response of two winter wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) cultivars (viz. salt tolerant cultivar KRL-1-4 and salt non-tolerant cultivar HD-2894) under saline irrigation regimes with and without foliar potassium fertilization on growth and grain yield of wheat during rabi 2011-12 and 2012-13. Potassium in the ratio of K+: Na+ (1: 10) was applied as foliar application during the heading stage of the crop. Results showed that the grain yield of KRL-1-4 and HD-2894 cultivars with foliar potassium fertilization at the heading stage increased by 6.5 to 22% and 3 to 15% during rabi 2011-2012, respectively under different saline irrigation regimes as compared to the control. Moreover, the results of rabi 2012-13 showed an increase in grain yield ranging from 4.5 to 20% for KRL-1-4 as compared to the control. Statistical analysis of grain yield parameter showed that the foliar potassium application in both varieties resulted in significant yield difference at 0.05 probability level as compared to the non-foliar application. Overall, it was observed that the foliar potassium fertilization increased the grain yield of both wheat cultivars, while the salt tolerant cultivar performed better than the salt non-tolerant cultivar under irrigated saline regimes.

scholarly journals Variability of leaf Cadmium content in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat

Genetika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic ◽  
Novica Mladenov ◽  
Igor Balalic ◽  
Miroslav Zoric
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometer ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Heading Stage ◽  
Absorption Spectrometer

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic trace metal pollutant for humans, animals, and plants. It is a heavy metal present in soils from natural and anthropogenic sources. Much of the Cd taken up by plants is retained in the root, but a portion is translocated to the aerial portions of the plant and into the seed. The objective of this research was to determine the variability and diversity of Cd content in the leaves of 30 wheat cultivars with different ploidy level, during two years. Analyses of Cd content (ppm) in the leaves at heading stage were performed with an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). Significant differences between the mean values of the genotypes in Cd content were found. Tetraploid wheat genotypes had higher Cd content than hexaploid genotypes. Cd content was predominantly influenced by the year of growing (73%). The influence of genotype on Cd content amounted 16% and the interaction genotype ? year 11%. The cluster of the genotypes consists of four groups. In the groups three and four were some of the genotypes (Kalyan Sona, Partizanka and NS Rana 5) with lowest Cd content in the leaves. They could be chosen as parents in the hybridization for lower cadmium concentration.

scholarly journals Picolinic acid spray stimulates the antioxidative metabolism and minimizes impairments on photosynthesis on wheat leaves infected by Pyricularia oryzae

2019 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Aucique‐Pérez ◽  
Renata Sousa Resende ◽  
Lara Beatriz Cruz Neto ◽  
Fernanda Dornelas ◽  
Fábio Murilo DaMatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picolinic Acid ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Antioxidative Metabolism ◽  
Wheat Leaves

scholarly journals A Genomic Approach to Develop a New qPCR Test Enabling Detection of the Pyricularia oryzae Lineage Causing Wheat Blast

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud Thierry ◽  
Pierre Gladieux ◽  
Elisabeth Fournier ◽  
Didier Tharreau ◽  
Renaud Ioos
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
South American ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Pcr Test

Rapid detection is key to managing emerging diseases because it allows their spread around the world to be monitored and limited. The first major wheat blast epidemics were reported in 1985 in the Brazilian state of Paraná. Following this outbreak, the disease quickly spread to neighboring regions and countries and, in 2016, the first report of wheat blast disease outside South America was released. This Asian outbreak was due to the trade of infected South American seed, demonstrating the importance of detection tests in order to avoid importing contaminated biological material into regions free from the pathogen. Genomic analysis has revealed that one particular lineage within the fungal species Pyricularia oryzae is associated with this disease: the Triticum lineage. A comparison of 81 Pyricularia genomes highlighted polymorphisms specific to the Triticum lineage, and this study developed a real-time PCR test targeting one of these polymorphisms. The test’s performance was then evaluated in order to measure its analytical specificity, analytical sensitivity, and robustness. The C17 quantitative PCR test detected isolates belonging to the Triticum lineage with high sensitivity, down to 13 plasmid copies or 1 pg of genomic DNA per reaction tube. The blast-based approach developed here to study P. oryzae can be transposed to other emerging diseases.

scholarly journals At Least Five Major Genes Are Involved in the Avirulence of an Eleusine Isolate of Pyricularia oryzae on Common Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soichiro Asuke ◽  
Shuko Nishimi ◽  
Yukio Tosa
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Complementation Test ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

Pyricularia oryzae is composed of pathotypes that show host specificity at the plant genus level. To elucidate the genetic mechanisms of the incompatibility between the Eleusine pathotype (pathogenic on finger millet) and common wheat, an Eleusine isolate (MZ5-1-6) was crossed with a Triticum isolate (Br48) pathogenic on wheat, and resulting F1 cultures were sprayed onto common wheat cultivars Hope, Norin 4 (N4), and Chinese Spring (CS). On Hope, avirulent and virulent cultures segregated in a 3:1 ratio, suggesting that two avirulence genes are involved. They were tentatively designated as eA1 and eA2. On N4 and CS, the segregation ratio was not significantly deviated from the 7:1, 15:1, or 31:1 ratios, suggesting that three or more genes are involved. A comparative analysis of the segregation patterns suggested that two of these genes were eA1 and eA2. A complementation test indicated that the third gene (tentatively designated as eA3) was the Ao9 type of the PWT3 gene controlling the avirulence of Avena and Lolium isolates on wheat. The fourth gene (tentatively designated as eA4) was detected by backcrossing 200R72, an F1 culture lacking eA1, eA2, and eA3, with Br48. Comparative analyses of phenotypes and the presence and/or absence of molecular markers in the F1 population revealed that some cultures were avirulent on N4/CS in spite of lacking eA1, eA2, eA3, and eA4, indicating the presence of the fifth gene (tentatively designated as eA5). Taken together, we conclude that at least five avirulence genes are involved in the incompatibility between MZ5-1-6 and N4/CS.

Response of Hard Red Winter Wheat to Soilborne wheat mosaic virus Using Novel Inoculation Methods

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Driskel ◽  
Robert M. Hunger ◽  
Mark E. Payton ◽  
Jeanmarie Verchot-Lubicz
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) is an agronomically important pathogen of wheat that is transmitted by the soilborne plasmodiophorid vector Polymyxa graminis. In the laboratory, attempts to generate SBWMV-infected plants are often hampered by poor infectivity of the virus. To analyze the mechanism for virus resistance in wheat cultivars, we developed novel inoculation techniques. A new technique for foliar inoculation of SBWMV was developed that eliminated wound-induced necrosis normally associated with rub inoculating virus to wheat leaves. This new technique is important because we can now uniformly inoculate plants in the laboratory for studies of host resistance mechanisms in the inoculated leaf. Additionally, wheat plants were grown hydroponically in seed germination pouches and their roots were inoculated with SBWMV either by placing P. graminis-infested root material in the pouch or by mechanically inoculating the roots with purified virus. The susceptibility of one SBWMV susceptible and three field resistant wheat cultivars were analyzed following inoculation of plants using these novel inoculation techniques or the conventional inoculation technique of growing plants in P. graminis-infested soil. The results presented in this study suggest that virus resistance in wheat likely functions in the roots to block virus infection.

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