The Effect of Object Familiarity on the Perception of Size and Distance

The perceived sizes and perceived distances of familiar objects were investigated in two experiments in which images of familiar objects were presented monocularly, one at a time, in an otherwise dark field of view. It was found that the angular size of the objects as well as their familiar size determined reported size. Reported distances were increasingly underestimated as a function of increasing simulated distances of the objects. The results are consistent with the conclusion that, as a function of the retinal size of the objects, the observer perceives the familiar objects as off-sized, and, that as a consequence of these off-sized perceptions, the observer's judgements of the object distances reflect inferential rather than perceptual processes.

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The Influence of Object Familiarity on Magnitude Estimates of Apparent Size

Perception ◽

10.1068/p210077 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 77-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

John Predebon

Keyword(s):

Power Function ◽

Angular Size ◽

Apparent Size ◽

Familiar Stimulus ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Successive Presentation ◽

Familiar Size ◽

Physical Size ◽

Object Familiarity ◽

Fourth Experiment

Three magnitude-estimation experiments were used to determine the exponents of the power function relating size judgments and physical size for two-dimensional familiar and unfamiliar stimuli. The exponent of the power function was used to index the effect of familiar size on perceived size under a variety of conditions, from full-cue to reduced-cue viewing conditions. Although the value of the exponents varied across the three experiments, within each experiment the exponent of the familiar stimulus was not significantly different from that of the unfamiliar stimulus, indicating that familiar size does not influence the rate of growth of perceived size. The results of a fourth experiment excluded a possible explanation of the findings of experiments 1–3 in terms of subjects responding to relative angular size as a consequence of the successive presentation of the different-sized representations of the familiar stimulus. Taken together, the present findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the influence of familiar size on estimates of size mainly reflects the intrusion of nonperceptual processes in spatial responses.

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Perceived Size and Distance of Familiar Objects

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1967.25.1.213 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 213-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Walter C. Gogel ◽

Henry W. Mertens

Keyword(s):

Relative Size ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Retinal Size ◽

Familiar Size ◽

Absolute Size ◽

Playing Card ◽

Moving Stimuli ◽

The Absolute ◽

Familiar Objects

The relation between the perceived size and distance of a playing card and its retinal size was studied using both stationary and moving stimuli. A distinction between absolute and relative familiar size cues was supported by the experimental results in that successive judgments of the distance of different retinal sizes of the cards were not predictable solely from cues of absolute retinal size. The data from both the stationary and moving stimuli suggest, however, that the perceived distance of the initial presentations resulting from the absolute size cue provides a metric for the distance perceptions resulting from cues of relative size. As indicated by the results from the initial presentations, the absolute size cue to distance from familiar objects in this study was a highly variable determiner of perceived distance.

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Guidance Subsystem of the Solar Telescope with a Field of View Smaller than the Angular Size of the Solar Disk

Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing ◽

10.3103/s8756699020030073 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 288-296

Author(s):

V. N. Kotov ◽

A. A. Lubkov ◽

Yu. A. Popov

Keyword(s):

Solar Disk ◽

Angular Size ◽

Field Of View ◽

Solar Telescope

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The Effect of Familiar Size at Familiar Distances

Perception ◽

10.1068/p110085 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 85-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Virginia Fitzpatrick ◽

Robert Pasnak ◽

Zita E Tyer

Keyword(s):

Retinal Image ◽

Direct Determination ◽

Familiar Object ◽

Size Perception ◽

Familiar Size ◽

True Distance ◽

Distance Judgments ◽

Familiar Objects

The effect of familiar size as a distance cue was tested with familiar objects at familiar distances. Experiment 1 showed that there were no uncontrolled distance cues available and that in their absence the retinal image did not affect depth or size perception. Under these conditions, size and distance judgments were essentially indeterminate and independent of each other. In experiment 2 a paradigm was employed which allowed a direct determination of whether equivalent changes either in size of a familiar object or in its true distance produced equivalent changes in its perceived distance. The results showed that there were no uncontrolled distance cues, and that subjects perceived the familiar object as having its familiar size. Moreover, changing the retinal image of the objects had almost exactly the same effect on their perceived distance as did changing their true distance. Hence, familiar size does effectively govern the perception of distance when there are no competing cues.

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Upconversion dark-field imaging with extended field of view at video frame rate

Applied Optics ◽

10.1364/ao.384502 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (7) ◽

pp. 2157

Author(s):

Saher Junaid ◽

Peter Tidemand-Lichtenberg ◽

Christian Pedersen ◽

Peter John Rodrigo

Keyword(s):

Dark Field ◽

Field Of View ◽

Frame Rate ◽

Video Frame ◽

Dark Field Imaging ◽

Extended Field ◽

Field Imaging ◽

Video Frame Rate ◽

Extended Field Of View

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Performance of Complex Visual Tasks using Simulated Prosthetic Vision via Augmented-Reality Glasses

10.1101/707851 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Elton Ho ◽

Jack Boffa ◽

Daniel Palanker

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Visual Field ◽

Augmented Reality ◽

Reading Speed ◽

Angular Size ◽

Field Of View ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Pixel Size ◽

Central Vision ◽

Visual Tasks

AbstractPurposePhotovoltaic subretinal prosthesis is designed for restoration of central vision in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We investigated the utility of prosthetic central vision for complex visual tasks using augmented-reality (AR) glasses simulating reduced acuity, contrast and visual field.MethodsAR glasses with blocked central 20° of visual field included an integrated video camera and software which adjusts the image quality according to three user-defined parameters: resolution, corresponding to the equivalent pixel size of an implant, field of view, corresponding to the implant size, and number of contrast levels. The real-time processed video was streamed on a screen in front of the right eye. Nineteen healthy participants were recruited to complete visual tasks including vision charts, sentence reading, and face recognition.ResultsWith vision charts, letter acuity exceeded the pixel-sampling limit by 0.2 logMAR. Reading speed decreased with increasing pixel size and with reduced field of view (7-12°). In the face recognition task (4-way forced choice, 5° angular size) participants identified faces at >75% accuracy, even with 100 μm pixels and only 2 grey levels. With 60 μm pixels and 8 grey levels, the accuracy exceeded 97%.ConclusionsSubjects with simulated prosthetic vision performed slightly better than the sampling limit on the letter acuity tasks, and were highly accurate at recognizing faces, even with 100 μm/pixel resolution. These results indicate feasibility of the reading and face recognition using prosthetic central vision even with 100 μm pixels, and performance improves further with smaller pixels.

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The Dark Field Cut Surface (DFCS) Test for Estimating the Dispersion of Carbon Black in Rubber Compounds

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3538418 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 50-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. A. W. Murray ◽

D. W. Southwart ◽

P. K. Freakley

Keyword(s):

Carbon Black ◽

Numerical Estimate ◽

Dark Field ◽

Field Of View ◽

High Magnification ◽

Ability To Work ◽

Rubber Compounds ◽

Dark Field Illumination ◽

Cut Surface ◽

Initial Results

Abstract A test for estimating the dispersion of carbon black in rubber compounds is described. It works by examining the freshly cut surface of a specimen at low magnification in dark field illumination. Roughness of the surface related to the presence of carbon black causes increased reflection under dark field illumination. The illumination of each field of view is examined as 100 subdivisions and the relative values of these readings give a numerical estimate of the dispersion. Details of how this is done and the corrections applied to the results are described. A second paper reports some initial results obtained with the test. The test works well for certain elastomers, notably NR and SBR. The biggest advantage of the test is its ability to work rapidly and cheaply on small zones at relatively high magnification. This opens up the possibility of detailed studies of macroscopic variations in dispersion, done in reasonable times and at reasonable costs.

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Dual-phone illumination-imaging system for high resolution and large field of view multi-modal microscopy

Lab on a Chip ◽

10.1039/c8lc00995c ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 825-836 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sara Kheireddine ◽

Ayyappasamy Sudalaiyadum Perumal ◽

Zachary J. Smith ◽

Dan V. Nicolau ◽

Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Fluorescence Microscopy ◽

Mobile Phone ◽

Imaging System ◽

Dark Field ◽

Field Of View ◽

Large Field ◽

Bright Field

Bright-field, dark-field, Rheinberg, fluorescence microscopy on a mobile phone with phone screen illumination.

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Do We See Scale?

10.1101/371948 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Linton

Keyword(s):

Visual System ◽

Motion Parallax ◽

Angular Size ◽

Absolute Distance ◽

Familiar Size ◽

Effective Distance ◽

Distance Information ◽

Vertical Disparity ◽

Three Stages ◽

The Cost

The visual system is supposed to extract distance information from the environment in order to scale the size and distance of objects in the visual scene. The purpose of this article is to challenge this account in three stages: First, I identify three shortcomings of the literature on vergence as our primary cue to near distances. Second, I present the results from two experiments that control for these shortcomings, but at the cost of eradicating vergence and accommodation as effective distance cues (average gain of y = 0.161x + 38.64). Third, I argue that if all our cues to distance are either (a) ineffective (vergence; accommodation; motion parallax), (b) merely relative (angular size; diplopia), or (c) merely cognitive (familiar size; vertical disparity), then the visual system does not appear to extract absolute distance information, and we should be open to the possibility that vision functions without scale.

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