The Relation between Physical Stimulus Properties and the Effect of Foreperiod Duration on Reaction Time

Seven subjects were used in an experiment on the relation between signal modality and the effect of foreperiod duration (EP) on RT. With visual signals the usually reported systematic increase of RT as a function of FP duration (1, 5 and 15 s) was confirmed; with auditory signals no difference was found between FP's of 1 and 5 s while the effect at 15 s was equivalent to that found at 5 s with the visual signal. The results suggest that besides factors such as time uncertainty the FP effect is also largely dependent on the arousing quality of the signal.

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Correlating cognition and cortical excitability with pain in fibromyalgia: a case control study

Advances in Rheumatology ◽

10.1186/s42358-021-00163-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vikas Kumar Tiwari ◽

Srishti Nanda ◽

Suvercha Arya ◽

Uma Kumar ◽

Ratna Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Color Word ◽

Case Control ◽

Corticomotor Excitability ◽

Word Task ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal symptoms, primarily attributed to sensitization of somatosensory system carrying pain. Few reports have investigated the impact of fibromyalgia symptoms on cognition, corticomotor excitability, sleepiness, and the sleep quality — all of which can deteriorate the quality of life in fibromyalgia. However, the existing reports are underpowered and have conflicting directions of findings, limiting their generalizability. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare measures of cognition, corticomotor excitability, sleepiness, and sleep quality using standardized instruments in the recruited patients of fibromyalgia with pain-free controls. Methods Diagnosed cases of fibromyalgia were recruited from the Rheumatology department for the cross-sectional, case-control study. Cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination, Stroop color-word task), corticomotor excitability (Resting motor threshold, Motor evoked potential amplitude), daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index) were studied according to the standard procedure. Results Thirty-four patients of fibromyalgia and 30 pain-free controls were recruited for the study. Patients of fibromyalgia showed decreased cognitive scores (p = 0.05), lowered accuracy in Stroop color-word task (for color: 0.02, for word: 0.01), and prolonged reaction time (< 0.01, < 0.01). Excessive daytime sleepiness in patients were found (< 0.01) and worsened sleep quality (< 0.01) were found. Parameters of corticomotor excitability were comparable between patients of fibromyalgia and pain-free controls. Conclusions Patients of fibromyalgia made more errors, had significantly increased reaction time for cognitive tasks, marked daytime sleepiness, and impaired quality of sleep. Future treatment strategies may include cognitive deficits and sleep disturbances as an integral part of fibromyalgia management.

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Study on the Synthesis of Isoamyl Acetate Catalyzed by Strong Acidic Cation Exchange Resin

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.2411 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 396-398 ◽

pp. 2411-2415 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ping Lan ◽

Li Hong Lan ◽

Tao Xie ◽

An Ping Liao

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Cation Exchanger ◽

Cation Exchange Resin ◽

Isoamyl Acetate ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Esterification Reaction ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Optimum Reaction

Isoamyl acetate was synthesized from isoamylol and glacial acetic acid with strong acidic cation exchanger as catalyst. The effects of reaction conditions such as acid-alcohol ratio, reaction time, catalyst dosage to esterification reaction have been investigated and the optimum reaction conditions can be concluded as: the molar ratio of acetic acid to isoamylol 0.8:1, reaction time 2h, 25 % of catalyst (quality of acetic acid as benchmark). The conversion rate can reach up to 75.46%. The catalytic ability didn’t reduce significantly after reusing 10 times and the results showed that the catalyst exhibited preferably catalytic activity and reusability.

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Incidental Serial Reaction Time: Normal and Schizophrenic Response to the Onset and Cessation of Auditory Signals

The Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1080/00223980.1976.9915826 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 299-311

Author(s):

H. E. King

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Serial Reaction Time ◽

Serial Reaction ◽

Auditory Signals

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The Cooling Rate Effect on Graphene Synthesis Using Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition

Volume 2: Manufacturing Processes; Manufacturing Systems; Nano/Micro/Meso Manufacturing; Quality and Reliability ◽

10.1115/msec2021-64058 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Byoungdo Lee ◽

Weishen Chu ◽

Wei Li

Keyword(s):

Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Carbon Source ◽

Cooling Rate ◽

Vapor Deposition ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Process Variables ◽

Pressure Chemical

Abstract Low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) is the most efficient method to synthesize large-scale, high-quality graphene for many potential applications such as flexible electronics, solar cells, and separation membranes. The quality of LPCVD is affected by process variables including methane/hydrogen (CH4/H2) ratio, time, pressure, temperature, and cooling rate. The cooling rate has been recognized as one of the most important process variables affecting the amount of carbon source, nucleation, reaction time, and thus the quality of the LPCVD. In this research, we investigate the effect of cooling rate on the quality of graphene synthesize by changing the cooling rate and the gas feeding time. Graphene coverage is measured by Raman mapping. It is found that fast cooling rate leads to decreased carbon source reaction time, which in turn results in higher coverage by monolayer graphene. The temperature-dependent gas feeding time corresponding to different cooling rates can be used to properly supply the carbon source onto the copper surface, also leading to a higher graphene coverage.

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THE EFFECT OF FOREPERIOD DURATION ON REACTION TIME AND ITS RELATION TO INTERVAL SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior ◽

10.1901/jeab.1978.30-19 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 19-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

John V. Keller ◽

Frank van der Schoot

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Schedules Of Reinforcement ◽

Foreperiod Duration

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Effect of shift work on fatigue and sleep in neonatal registrars

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0245428 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0245428

Author(s):

Ajay P. Anvekar ◽

Elizabeth A. Nathan ◽

Dorota A. Doherty ◽

Sanjay K. Patole

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Vigilance Task ◽

Sleep Diary ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Subjective Sleepiness ◽

Working Day ◽

Psychomotor Vigilance ◽

Night Shifts ◽

Mean Reaction Time

Objective We aimed to study fatigue and sleep in registrars working 12-hour rotating shifts in our tertiary neonatal intensive unit. Methods and participants This study involved neonatal registrar’s working day (08:00–21:00) and night (20:30–08:30) shifts. Participants maintained a sleep diary, answered a self-reported sleepiness questionnaire assessing subjective sleepiness, and performed a 10-minute psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) at the start and end of each shift. Primary outcomes: (1) Fatigue at the (i) “start vs end” of day and night shifts, (ii) end of the “day vs night” shifts, and (iii) end of “first vs last shift” in block of day and night shifts. (2) Duration and quality of sleep before the “day vs night” shifts. Mean reaction time (RTM), relative coefficient of variation (RTCV), and lapses (reaction time > 500ms) were used as measures of fatigue on PVT. Secondary outcome: Subjective sleepiness (self-reported sleepiness questionnaire) at the ‘start vs end” of day and night shifts. Results Fifteen registrars completed the study. Acuity was comparable for all shifts. (1) Psychomotor responses were impaired at the end vs start of day shifts [RTM (p = 0.014), lapses (p = 0.001)], end vs start of night shifts [RTM (p = 0.007), RTCV (p = 0.003), lapses (p<0.001)] and end of night vs day shifts [RTM (p = 0.007), RTCV (p = 0.046), lapses (p = 0.001)]. Only lapses were significantly increased at the end of the last (p = 0.013) vs first shift (p = 0.009) in a block of day and night shifts. (2) Duration of sleep before the night (p = 0.019) and consecutive night shifts was decreased significantly (p = 0.034). Subjective sleepiness worsened after day (p = 0.014) and night shifts (p<0.001). Conclusion Fatigue worsened after the 12-hour day and night shifts with a greater change after night shifts. Lapses increased after block of day and night shifts. Sleep was decreased before night shifts. Our findings need to be confirmed in larger studies.

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Visual signal evolution along complementary color axes in four bird lineages

10.1101/514778 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Anand Krishnan ◽

Avehi Singh ◽

Krishnapriya Tamma

Keyword(s):

Color Space ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

The Body ◽

Color Variation ◽

Visual Signals ◽

Visual Signal ◽

Relative Role ◽

Chromatic Contrast ◽

Present Evidence ◽

Complementary Color

AbstractAnimal color patterns function in varied behavioral contexts including recognition, camouflage and even thermoregulation. The diversity of visual signals may be constrained by various factors, for example, dietary factors, and the composition of ambient environmental light (sensory drive). How have high-contrast and diverse signals evolved within these constraints? In four bird lineages, we present evidence that plumage colors cluster along a line in tetrachromatic color space. Additionally, we present evidence that this line represents complementary colors, which are defined as opposite sides of a line passing through the achromatic point (putatively for higher chromatic contrast). Finally, we present evidence that interspecific color variation over at least some regions of the body is not constrained by phylogenetic relatedness. Thus, we hypothesize that species-specific plumage patterns within these bird lineages evolve by swapping the distributions of a complementary color pair (or dark and light patches in one group, putatively representing an achromatic complementary axis). The relative role of chromatic and achromatic contrasts in discrimination may depend on the environment that each species inhabits.

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P1075CONTROL AND MONITORING OF DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT PROCESS IN HEMODIALYSIS CLINIC USING TELEMEDICINE TOOLS

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p1075 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Dmitriy Zinovev ◽

Vladimir Novitskiy ◽

Andrey Malkoch

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Medical Staff ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Patient’S Satisfaction ◽

Average Value ◽

Patients Satisfaction ◽

Number Of Patients

Abstract Background and Aims Quality of life of hemodialysis patients and adequacy of hemodialysis therapy in general, is defined by the number and duration of incidents during hemodialysis procedures. In this study we examined the effect of telemedical system for control and monitoring of hemodialysis procedures on patients’ condition and their quality of life. Method The system described in this work included: doctor/patient video call functionality initiated from both ends; functionality of hemodialysis procedure parameters and patient’s condition parameters monitoring and registration; functionality of alerting medical staff about registered incidents, functionality of visual control of hemodialysis procedure. The effect of control and monitoring system usage was studied on population of 2300 hemodialysis patients (at the start of the study) with median follow-up of 2 years. The primary end-point was doctor’s reaction time on patient’s complaint, medical staff reaction time on intradialysis hypertension incidents. Secondary end-points were: number of patients who left the clinic due to reasons besides lethality, patients’ satisfaction by hemodialysis therapy (according to survey), number of incidents of intradialysis and interdialysis hypertension. Results During the study we observed that as a result of system deployment average doctor’s reaction time on patient’s complaint (defined as the time from emergence of the complaint to start of patient/doctor communication) reduced from 8 to 1.5 minutes, average staff reaction time on intradialysis hypertension incidents (defined as time from registration of hypertension incident to start of blood pressure normalization actions) reduced from 5 to 2 minutes. Number of patients who left the clinic due to reasons besides lethality reduced from 2.5 per 100 patients before system deployment to 1.7 per 100 patients at the end of the study. Average value of patient’s satisfaction by dialysis therapy increased from 7.2 to 9.1 points on 10-point scale (according to survey conducted at the beginning and at the end of the study). By the end of the study, average number (across population) of hypertension incidents per month reduced from 8.3 to 6.2 and from 20.7 to 16.5 episodes for intradialysis and interdialysis hypertension correspondingly. Conclusion The use of telemedical tools of hemodialysis procedures control and monitoring has positive impact on patients’ satisfaction level by the dialysis procedure and on duration/frequency of incidents registered by these tools, which, in return may improve the quality of patient’s life.

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