scholarly journals Effect of shift work on fatigue and sleep in neonatal registrars

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245428
Author(s):  
Ajay P. Anvekar ◽  
Elizabeth A. Nathan ◽  
Dorota A. Doherty ◽  
Sanjay K. Patole
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Subjective Sleepiness ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
Night Shifts ◽  
Mean Reaction Time

Objective We aimed to study fatigue and sleep in registrars working 12-hour rotating shifts in our tertiary neonatal intensive unit. Methods and participants This study involved neonatal registrar’s working day (08:00–21:00) and night (20:30–08:30) shifts. Participants maintained a sleep diary, answered a self-reported sleepiness questionnaire assessing subjective sleepiness, and performed a 10-minute psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) at the start and end of each shift. Primary outcomes: (1) Fatigue at the (i) “start vs end” of day and night shifts, (ii) end of the “day vs night” shifts, and (iii) end of “first vs last shift” in block of day and night shifts. (2) Duration and quality of sleep before the “day vs night” shifts. Mean reaction time (RTM), relative coefficient of variation (RTCV), and lapses (reaction time > 500ms) were used as measures of fatigue on PVT. Secondary outcome: Subjective sleepiness (self-reported sleepiness questionnaire) at the ‘start vs end” of day and night shifts. Results Fifteen registrars completed the study. Acuity was comparable for all shifts. (1) Psychomotor responses were impaired at the end vs start of day shifts [RTM (p = 0.014), lapses (p = 0.001)], end vs start of night shifts [RTM (p = 0.007), RTCV (p = 0.003), lapses (p<0.001)] and end of night vs day shifts [RTM (p = 0.007), RTCV (p = 0.046), lapses (p = 0.001)]. Only lapses were significantly increased at the end of the last (p = 0.013) vs first shift (p = 0.009) in a block of day and night shifts. (2) Duration of sleep before the night (p = 0.019) and consecutive night shifts was decreased significantly (p = 0.034). Subjective sleepiness worsened after day (p = 0.014) and night shifts (p<0.001). Conclusion Fatigue worsened after the 12-hour day and night shifts with a greater change after night shifts. Lapses increased after block of day and night shifts. Sleep was decreased before night shifts. Our findings need to be confirmed in larger studies.

scholarly journals The impact of cognitive fatigue on airline pilots performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Nuno Quental ◽  
João Rocha ◽  
Jorge Silva ◽  
Lídia Menezes ◽  
Jorge Santos
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Cognitive Fatigue ◽  
Airline Pilots ◽  
Fatigue Score ◽  
Fatigue Management ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Air transport is a highly regulated branch of aviation, but it continues to show occurrences where human error is present. Fatigue is now recognized as a hazard which degrades human performance and can put flight safety at risk. In this regard, the general objective of this study is to assess the impact of cognitive fatigue on airline pilots and how it can contribute to the occurrence of accidents and incidents.Methodology: Three airline pilots participated in the case study. The participants’ cognitive fatigue was monitored according to four methods, being two of them of a subjective nature – the sleep diary (SD) and the Samn-Perelli 7-Point Fatigue Scale (SPS), and the other two of an objective nature – the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) and the actigraphy (actiwatch ReadibandTM 5). During their flight duty periods (FDPs), the pilots’ performance was also assessed according to the score delivered by a fatigue management software (FAID®).Findings: The obtained results allowed to understand whether the pilots are aware of their alertness and to identify factors which affect their performance levels. Between the beginning and the end of each FDP, significant changes were observed concerning the assessment on the SPS scale, the reaction time (RT) and the fatigue score generated by the biomathematical models associated to the technique of the actigraphy and the software FAID®.Originality/value: The risk of accident or serious error was classified according to the four methodologies used. Thus, it is possible to verify if there is a correspondence between the different scales or if there are scales more conservative (with a higher associated risk) than others.

Immediate-term chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) following administration of intravenous (IV) chemotherapy.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10084-10084
Author(s):  
Omar Farooq Khan ◽  
Ellen R. Cusano ◽  
Soundouss Raissouni ◽  
Mica Pabia ◽  
Johanna Haeseker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Prior Chemotherapy ◽  
Chemotherapy Administration ◽  
Stanford Sleepiness Scale ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance

10084 Background: The acute impact of chemotherapy on cognition is unknown. This study utilized performance on the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and trail-making test B (TMT) to assess CRCI immediately following chemotherapy administration. Methods: Patients aged 18-80 years receiving first-line IV chemotherapy for any stage of breast or colorectal cancer were eligible. Patients with brain metastases, neurologic disorders or allergic reactions to chemotherapy were excluded. Patient symptoms, peripheral neuropathy and Stanford Sleepiness Scale were assessed. A five-minute PVT and TMT were completed on a tablet computer pre-chemotherapy and immediately post-chemotherapy. Paired Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests were used to assess change in median PVT reaction time, TMT completion time, TMT errors and PVT lapses. A priori, an increase in median PVT reaction times by over 20 ms (approximating reaction time changes with blood alcohol concentrations of 0.04 to 0.05 g%) was considered a clinically relevant change. Results: 144 patients (74 breast, 70 colorectal, median age 55.5 years) were tested. Post-chemotherapy, median PVT reaction time slowed by an average of 12.4 ms ( p = 0.01). Post-chemotherapy median PVT times slowed by over 20 ms in 59 patients (40.9%). TMT completion post-chemotherapy was faster by an average of 6.1 seconds ( p < 0.001). No differences were seen in TMT errors ( p = 0.417) or PVT lapses ( p = 0.845). Change in median PVT reaction time was not associated with age, gender, number of prior chemotherapy cycles, peripheral neuropathy grade, self-reported symptoms (anxiety, fatigue or depression). Change in median PVT reaction time was also not significantly associated with use of any specific chemotherapeutic drug or class, including paclitaxel (which includes ethanol as an excipient). Conclusions: Median PVT reaction time was significantly slower immediately after chemotherapy compared to a pre-chemotherapy baseline, and impairment correlating to effects of alcohol was seen in 41% of patients. This effect appears independent of age, self-reported symptoms or prior chemotherapy cycles. Further studies assessing functional impact of immediate-term CRCI are warranted.

scholarly journals A-11 Fatigue and Errors in Aeromedicine (FEAr) Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 870-870
Author(s):  
J Nosker ◽  
A Cornelius ◽  
M Lassen ◽  
T Bragg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Fitness For Duty ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
Mean Reaction Time

Abstract Objective The FEAr pilot study was conducted to evaluate the construct validity of an instrument that measures self-reported fatigue levels among air medics (the Flight Risk Assessment [FRA] measure). Data Selection The population of interest, flight medics, is highly specialized and relatively small. As a result, non-probability, convenience sampling was used (N = 27). The participants were recruited from one air medical company with bases located across ten western states. Medics took two measures, the FRA and the PVT, three times a day, for three days. Data Synthesis To establish construct validity, scores on the FRA were compared to scores on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), which is a widely used and validated measure to detect fatigue in field settings. The results of the study indicate that a total of five questions on the FRA was significantly and moderately correlated with the PVT efficiency score (r = -.49, p = .01). The mean reaction time was also significantly correlated with the total FRA score (r = .59, p = .001). Notably, perceived fitness for duty was poorly correlated with fatigue levels as measured by the FRA (r < .01). Conclusions The results of this study contribute to a very limited body of research on fatigue among air medical providers. Specifically, the study contributes to the knowledge about the construct validity of the Flight Risk Assessment, which can be used to evaluate fatigue among air medics. Further analysis can assist in determining appropriate cutoff scores to inform time-out policies for medics.

scholarly journals Feasibility and acute alerting effects of a daylight-supplementing in-vehicle lighting system – Results from two randomised controlled field studies during dawn and dusk

2021 ◽  
pp. 147715352098237
Author(s):  
M Canazei ◽  
S Staggl ◽  
W Pohl ◽  
S Schüler ◽  
D Betz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance Task ◽  
Subjective Sleepiness ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance

The present studies examined the feasibility and acute alerting effects of additional in-vehicle lighting within a passenger car. These factors were examined during morning driving (Study 1) and evening driving (Study 2). In a balanced within-subjects design, 37 participants drove a test car two times in the morning or in the evening. The test vehicle was equipped with either a daylight-supplementing interior lighting system or a placebo system, which participants were told would refresh the air. Both studies used identical protocols, and participants participated either in Study 1 ( n = 18) or Study 2 ( n = 19). In both studies, corneal illuminance levels were recorded while driving. Feasibility of the systems was assessed using subjective ratings. Efficacy outcomes were spindle rates in the alpha bandwidth of electroencephalogram recordings, performance on a psychomotor vigilance task and subjective sleepiness ratings. In both studies, daylight-supplementing significantly increased corneal illuminances while driving and did not cause any negative visual side-effects. Study 1 revealed lower spindle rates while driving under daylight-supplementing lighting, indicating that drivers had higher physiological alertness when exposed to additional light in the morning. This alerting effect of daylight-supplementing lighting, however, was not observed in Study 2. In both studies, performance on the psychomotor vigilance task as well as subjective sleepiness ratings did not significantly differ between the experimental conditions. The present studies provide novel evidence for the feasibility and positive impact of daylight-supplementing in-vehicle lighting systems on the physiological alertness of drivers under naturalistic driving conditions. Further studies are warranted to evaluate carry-over effects of increased alertness on road safety measures.

104 The influence of self-reported distractions on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) in laboratory and field environments

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A42-A43
Author(s):  
Nicholas Bathurst ◽  
Kevin Gregory ◽  
Lucia Arsintescu ◽  
Gregory Costedoat ◽  
Erin Evans
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Program System ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance Task ◽  
Pvt Data ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
Personnel Control ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
At Home

Abstract Introduction The Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) is a measure of vigilant attention that is commonly used in laboratory environments to assess the neurobehavioral impact of sleep loss and circadian misalignment. The PVT has been increasing in popularity for use in field environments; however, the potential for distraction is higher in the field compared to the lab. It is unclear how distractions experienced by individuals taking the PVT in the real world may influence reaction time metrics. We investigated the influence of self-reported distraction on PVT outcomes across laboratory and field environments. Methods We examined PVT data from five studies including short (n=36 participants, 3799 PVTs) and long-haul (n=75 participants, 3282 PVTs) airline personnel, control center personnel (n=5 participants, 96 PVTs), and healthy individuals who participated in a study involving at-home and laboratory assessments (n=12 participants, 486 and 310 PVTs). Individuals in all of the studies were asked to complete the five-minute NASA PVT at least three times daily. Participants were asked to indicate the number of distractions they experienced immediately after each PVT. Mean PVT reaction time (RT) and number of distractions were computed for each study and overall. Results Participants reported more distractions in field environments compared to the lab (short-haul=1.29 +/- 1.48, long-haul=0.66 +/- 1.07, control-center=1.20 +/- 1.37, at-home=0.86 +/- 1.36, laboratory=0.46 +/- 1.07) Across all studies, we found that PVT RT slowed as self-reported distractions increased (all studies combined: 0 distractions=PVT RT 275.7ms; 1=285.0ms; 2=304.0ms; 3=322.9ms; &gt;4=408.6ms). These findings were similar for healthy participants completing PVTs at home (0 distractions=286.4ms; 1=309.9ms; 2=328.3ms; 3=369.8ms; &gt;4=385.1ms) but were less consistent during in-lab assessments (0 distractions=278.7ms; 1=316.2ms; 2=396.2ms; 3=370.4ms; &gt;4=354.4ms). These findings were similar for other PVT outcomes. Conclusion Participants reported more distractions in field environments compared to the laboratory. Our findings suggest that the number of distractions that individuals report experiencing while taking a PVT increases the reaction time registered by the device. Researchers should collect information about distractions during the PVT and should be aware that distractions may influence the recorded PVT reaction time. Support (if any) NASA Airspace Operations and Safety Program, System-Wide Safety Project

scholarly journals Hypersomnia

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndromes ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Periodic Limb Movements ◽  
Psychomotor Tests ◽  
Maintenance Of Wakefulness Test ◽  
Idiopathic Hypersomnia ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency

Hypersomnia, a complaint of excessive daytime sleep or sleepiness, affects 4% to 6% of the population, with an impact on the everyday life of the patient Methodological tools to explore sleep and wakefulness (interview, questionnaires, sleep diary, polysomnography, Multiple Sleep Latency Test, Maintenance of Wakefulness Test) and psychomotor tests (for example, psychomotor vigilance task and Oxford Sleep Resistance or Osler Test) help distinguish between the causes of hypersomnia. In this article, the causes of hypersomnia are detailed following the conventional classification of hypersomnic syndromes: narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, recurrent hypersomnia, insufficient sleep syndrome, medication- and toxin-dependent sleepiness, hypersomnia associated with psychiatric disorders, hypersomnia associated with neurological disorders, posttraumatic hypersomnia, infection (with a special emphasis on the differences between bacterial and viral diseases compared with parasitic diseases, such as sleeping sickness) and hypersomnia, hypersomnia associated with metabolic or endocrine diseases, breathing-related sleep disorders and sleep apnea syndromes, and periodic limb movements in sleep.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Psychomotor Vigilance Task for Touch Screen Devices

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Arsintescu ◽  
Jeffrey B. Mulligan ◽  
Erin E. Flynn-Evans
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance Task ◽  
Touch Response ◽  
Touch Screen Devices ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance

Objective: Our goals were to compare three techniques for performing a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) on a touch screen device (fifth-generation iPod) and to determine the device latency. Background: The PVT is a reaction-time test that is sensitive to sleep loss and circadian misalignment. Several PVT tests have been developed for touch screen devices, but unlike the standard PVT developed for laboratory use, these tests allow for touch responses to be recorded at any location on the device, with contact from any finger. In addition, touch screen devices exhibit latency in processing time between the touch response and the time registered by the device. Method: Thirteen participants completed a 5-min PVT on a touch screen device held in three positions (on a table with index finger, handheld portrait with index finger, handheld landscape with thumb). We compared reaction-time outcomes in each orientation condition using paired t tests. We recorded the first session using a high-speed video camera to determine the latency between the touch response and the documented response time. Results: The participants had significantly faster reaction times in the landscape-oriented position using the thumb, compared with the portrait-oriented position using the index ( M = 224.13 and M = 244.26, p = .045). Using data from 1,241 unique touch events, we found a mean device latency of 68.53 ms that varied highly between individuals. Conclusion: Device orientation and device latency should be considered when using a touch screen version of a PVT. Application: Our findings apply to researchers administering touch screen versions of the PVT.

Assessment of the fixed 4-hours on/8-hours off watchstanding schedule on a surface vessel of the Swedish Royal Navy

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 846-850
Author(s):  
Nita Lewis Shattuck ◽  
Panagiotis Matsangas ◽  
Joakim Dahlman ◽  
Anna Dahlman
Keyword(s):  
Night Shift ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Work Duration ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
Surface Vessel ◽  
Night Shifts

We assessed the utility of the 3-section, fixed, 4hrs-on/8hrs-off watchstanding schedule on a ship of the Swedish Royal Navy (HSwMS ORIOΝ). Data from the ORIOΝ (n=12 sailors) were compared with data from three USN vessels (n=22). Daily sleep duration, number of sleep episodes/day, and daily work duration were equivalent in the two samples. Compared to their USN peers, however, sailors on the ORION were more alert, reported better sleep quality, less severe insomnia symptoms, and better mood. Also, sailors on the ORION were faster and made fewer errors on the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT). Analysis of daily activities suggests that Swedish sailors may have felt and performed better because sailors working night shifts were allowed to wake up later. Our findings suggest the sailor well-being when standing watch on the fixed 4/8 can be improved when sailors are allowed flexible wake up times in the morning after a night shift.

Immediate-term chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) following administration of intravenous (IV) chemotherapy.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 146-146
Author(s):  
Omar Farooq Khan ◽  
Ellen R. Cusano ◽  
Soundouss Raissouni ◽  
Mica Pabia ◽  
Johanna Haeseker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Prior Chemotherapy ◽  
Chemotherapy Administration ◽  
Stanford Sleepiness Scale ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance

146 Background: The acute impact of chemotherapy on cognition is unknown. This study utilized performance on the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and trail-making test B (TMT) to assess CRCI immediately following chemotherapy administration. Methods: Patients aged 18-80 years receiving first-line IV chemotherapy for any stage of breast or colorectal cancer were eligible. Patients with brain metastases, neurologic disorders or allergic reactions to chemotherapy were excluded. Patient symptoms, peripheral neuropathy and Stanford Sleepiness Scale were assessed. A five-minute PVT and TMT were completed on a tablet computer pre-chemotherapy and immediately post-chemotherapy. Paired Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests were used to assess changes in median PVT reaction time, TMT completion time, TMT errors and PVT lapses. A priori, increases of 20 ms or over in median PVT reaction times (approximating reaction time changes with blood alcohol concentrations of 0.04 to 0.05 g%) were considered clinically relevant. Results: 144 patients (74 breast, 70 colorectal, median age 55.5 years) were tested. Post-chemotherapy, median PVT reaction time slowed by an average of 12.4 ms (p = 0.01). Post-chemotherapy median PVT times slowed by over 20 ms in 59 patients (40.9%). TMT completion post-chemotherapy was faster by an average of 6.1 seconds (p < 0.001). No differences were seen in TMT errors (p = 0.417) or PVT lapses (p = 0.845). Change in median PVT reaction time was not associated with age, gender, number of prior chemotherapy cycles, use of paclitaxel (which contains alcohol), peripheral neuropathy grade, or self-reported anxiety, fatigue or depression. Conclusions: Median PVT reaction time was significantly slower immediately after chemotherapy compared to a pre-chemotherapy baseline, and impairment correlating to effects of alcohol was seen in 41% of patients. This effect appears independent of age, self-reported symptoms or prior chemotherapy cycles. Further studies assessing the functional implications of immediate-term CRCI are warranted.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Competitive Futsal Match on Psychomotor Vigilance in Referees

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1297-1302
Author(s):  
Hawkar S. Ahmed ◽  
Samuele M. Marcora ◽  
David Dixon ◽  
Glen Davison
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Mood Scale ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
Mean Reaction Time

Context: Referees’ physical and cognitive performance are important for successful officiating in team sports. There is a lack of research on cognitive performance of referees in general, and none in futsal. Purpose: To assess referees’ performance on the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) before and after competitive futsal matches during the Football Association (FA) National Futsal League 2015/16. Methods: Fourteen futsal referees (mean [SD] age 34.3 [10.0] y) from the FA National Futsal group were included. The referees were required to undertake a 10-min PVT 60 min before the match kickoff time (pretest) and immediately after matches (posttest). They also completed the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) questionnaire before the prematch PVT and after the postmatch PVT. Result: Data were analyzed by paired t tests comparing prematch and postmatch results. There was a significant difference in BRUMS parameters vigor (9.5 [2.5] prematch vs 6.3 [2.4] postmatch, P = .001) and fatigue (1.4 [1.3] prematch vs 5.6 [3.1] postmatch, P < .001). However, PVT performance was significantly improved (mean reaction time 248.3 [26.2] ms prematch vs 239.7 [22.4] ms postmatch, P = .023). Conclusions: The present results show, contrary to the authors’ initial hypothesis, that psychomotor performance is improved as opposed to decreased after a single match. The postmatch improvement suggests that exercise can acutely enhance cognitive performance, which could be used to inform warm-up practices (eg, optimal duration and intensity) geared toward optimizing referees’ cognitive performance during matches.

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