Models of Lexical Access in Visual Word Recognition

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Besner ◽  
Margaret Swan
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Frequency Word ◽  
Word Repetition ◽  
Word Context ◽  
Stimulus Degradation ◽  
Verification Model

This paper reviews the ability of Morton's Logogen model and Becker's Verification model to accommodate RT data from the lexical decision literature. While both of the models can account for the simple effects of word frequency, word context and word repetition, Morton's Logogen model can not account for some of the patterns of additivity and interaction when the effects of stimulus degradation are considered. An experiment on lexical decision is then reported in which stimulus degradation and repetition are factorially varied; degradation and repetition are shown to be interacting factors. These results are inconsistent with the Verification model but consistent with the Logogen model. Finally, further versions of both the Logogen and Verification models are considered and possible multiple sources are proposed to account for the effects of degradation, repetition and word frequency.

The Effects of Frequency, Repetition and Stimulus Quality in Visual Word Recognition

1984 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Norris
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Stimulus Quality ◽  
Verification Model

This paper describes a lexical decision experiment, which examined the relation between word frequency, repetition and stimulus quality. In contrast to earlier studies (Stanners, Jastrzembski and Westbrook, 1975; Becker and Killion, 1977), frequency and stimulus quality were found to interact. The implications of this result for models of word recognition are discussed within the framework of Becker's verification model.

The Interaction of Word Frequency and Stimulus Quality in the Lexical Decision Task: Now you See It, Now you Don't

1988 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Wilding
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Stimulus Quality ◽  
Joint Effects ◽  
Two Factors

Two experiments are reported that examined the joint effects of word frequency and stimulus quality in the context of a lexical decision task. In the first experiment the interval between response to a stimulus and onset of the next stimulus was 0.8 sec, and the effect of the two factors was additive. In the second this interval was 3.3 sec, and the effect of reducing stimulus quality was greater for infrequent words than for frequent words. This is similar to the result of Norris (1984). The inability of current models of word recognition to explain this finding is discussed.

Phonology and Orthography in Visual Word Recognition: Evidence from Masked Non-Word Priming

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic Ferrand ◽  
Jonathan Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Target Word ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Target Recognition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prime Duration ◽  
Word Priming

Three lexical decision experiments in French investigated the effects of briefly presented forward-masked non-word primes on latencies to phonologically and/or orthographically related targets. At 64-msec prime presentation durations, primes that are pseudohomophones of the target produced facilitatory effects compared to orthographic controls, but these orthographically similar non-word primes did not facilitate target recognition compared to unrelated controls. These results were obtained independently of target word frequency and independently of the presence or absence of pseudohomophone targets in the experimental lists. With a 32-msec prime duration, on the other hand, pseudohomophone and orthographic primes had similar effects on target recognition, both producing facilitation relative to unrelated controls. The results are discussed in terms of the time course of phonological and orthographic code activation in the processing of pronounceable strings of letters.

scholarly journals Is there a cost at encoding words with joined letters during visual word recognition?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Roldán ◽  
Ana Marcet ◽  
Manuel Perea
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
The Cost

AbstractFor simplicity, models of visual-word recognition have focused on printed words composed of separated letters, thus overlooking the processing of cursive words. Manso de Zuniga, Humphreys, and Evett (1991) claimed that there is an early “cursive normalization” encoding stage when processing written words with joined letters. To test this claim, we conducted a lexical decision experiment in which words were presented either with separated or joined letters. To examine if the cost of letter segmentation occurs early in processing, we also manipulated a factor (i.e., word-frequency) that is posited to affect subsequent lexical processing. Results showed faster response times for the words composed of separated letters than for the words composed of joined letters. This effect occurred similarly for low- and high-frequency words. Thus, the present data offer some empirical support to Manso de Zuniga et al.’s (1991) idea of an early “cursive normalization” stage when processing joined-letters words. This pattern of data can be used to constrain the mapping of the visual input into letter and word units in future versions of models of visual word recognition.

scholarly journals German in childhood and Latin in adolescence: On the bidialectal nature of lexical access in English

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo E Hernandez ◽  
Juliana Ronderos ◽  
Tres Bodet ◽  
Hannah Claussenius-Kalman ◽  
Ferenc Bunta
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Age Of Acquisition ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Lexical Items

The nature of word etymology, long a topic of interest in linguistics, has been considered to a much lesser extent in the word recognition literature. The present study created a database of overlapping words from the English Lexicon Project and a database with age of acquisition (AoA) norms which were categorized as either Germanic or Latin-based. Results revealed that Germanic words were learned earlier than Latin-based words. Germanic words also showed lower reaction times and higher accuracy relative to Latin-based words even when controlling for AoA, word frequency and length. The findings support a bidialectal view of English in that Germanic words serve as the base of lexical processing during childhood, whereas Latin-based words fill in the lexical space across adolescence and into early adulthood. These results carry implications for theories of word recognition and the processing of lexical items in populations that come from linguistically diverse backgrounds.

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