Reaction time and response dynamics

1987 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Les G. Carlton ◽  
Mary J. Carlton ◽  
K. M. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Force Level ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Response Parameter ◽  
The Relationship

The experiments reported were designed to examine the relationship between reaction time and the response dynamics of a finger-press task. Experiments 1 and 2 manipulated force duration and peak force level in both simple and choice reaction-time paradigms. Experiment 3 constrained both force duration and peak force, leading to independent changes in the rate of force production. The findings from all three experiments suggest that the rate of force production, rather than force duration, is the key response parameter determining reaction time. Reaction time decreased as an exponential function of rate of force production independent of force duration and peak force.

Sound Localization: Information Theory Analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (18) ◽  
pp. 905-909
Author(s):  
John S. Wallace ◽  
Donald L. Fisher ◽  
John Collura
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Noise Signal ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Three experiments were performed which examined the applicability of the Hick-Hyman law to the design of an auditory interface for a vehicle collision avoidance warning system. All trials used a single broadband noise signal emanating from one of a subset of six loudspeakers equally spaced around the subject in the azimuthal plane. Both the size of the sub-set and the balance of relative probabilities from speaker to speaker were altered to evaluate the relationship between information content and the dependent variable, choice reaction time. Choice reaction time was found to be related to the information content of the sound stimulus in all cases. It was also found to be related to the presence of pairs of speakers which were symmetrically opposed to one another in front of and behind the subject.

Fractionated Reaction Time as a Function of Magnitude of Force in Simple and Choice Conditions

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanobu Ito
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Constant Amount ◽  
Premotor Time ◽  
Force Reaction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Maximum Grip Strength ◽  
Maximum Grip

The present study examined whether varying magnitude of force required to perform an isometric response influences fractionated reaction time in simple and choice conditions and whether reaction time and premotor time to initiate the response are shorter when force is selected freely by the subject than when it is selected by the experimenter. 20 subjects were required to react and produce a designated peak force as quickly and accurately as possible by squeezing a handle after a reaction signal. Four different magnitudes of force were 30, 50, and 70% of the maximum grip strength of the subjects and subject-selected magnitude of force. Reaction time and premotor time did not change across the range of forces examined in both simple and choice reaction-time conditions regardless of whether a desired force was selected by the experimenter or by the subject These findings suggest that programming an isometric response may require a constant amount of time.

Information Processing Components of Digit Symbol Performance in Schizophrenia

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1329-1330
Author(s):  
D. R. Hemsley
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Choice Reaction Time Task ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Time Task ◽  
The Relationship

The present report is of the relationship between digit symbol performance in schizophrenia and measures derived from a visual choice reaction-time task. The ability to ignore irrelevant visual stimuli was most closely related to digit symbol performance, other measures adding little to the predicted variance.

Association of Jumping Ability and Maximum Strength With Dive Distance in Swimmers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Calderbank ◽  
Paul Comfort ◽  
John J. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Force ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Jump Distance ◽  
Isometric Force Production ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between dive distance (DD) and countermovement jump (CMJ) height, track start CMJ height, countermovement broad jump (CMBJ) distance, track start broad jump distance, and isometric midthigh pull peak force and relative peak force. Methods: A total of 27 (11 female and 16 male) regional-national-international-standard swimmers (mean [SD]; age = 19.5 [5.5] y; mass = 69.3 [10.5] kg; height = 1.77 [0.09] m) performed 3 trials of a track start dive, CMJ, track start CMJ, CMBJ, track start broad jump, and isometric midthigh pull. Results: Data were separated into pooled (females and males combined), females, and males. Large to very large correlations were found between DD and all variables tested for pooled data (r = .554–.853, P < .001–.008), with DD-CMBJ displaying the highest correlation (r = .853, P < .001). CMBJ accounted for 70% of the variance in DD. Females demonstrated moderate nonsignificant correlations between DD isometric midthigh pull (r = .379, P < .125). Males demonstrated very large significant correlations between DD-CMJ (r = .761, P < .001). Conclusions: DD demonstrated strong correlations with jump performances and multijoint isometric force production in pooled data. Males showed stronger correlations than females due to being stronger and being able to perform the jumping/strength tasks to a higher standard. Enhanced jump performance and increased maximal force production may, therefore, enhance DD in swimmers.

Choice Reaction Time to Single Digits, Spelled Numbers, “Right” and “Wrong” Arithmetic Problems and Short Sentences

1967 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. North ◽  
David A. Grant ◽  
Robert A. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Addition And Subtraction ◽  
Single Number ◽  
The Relationship

Average RT to single number stimuli were found to differ significantly, with the shorter RTs being evoked by 1, 2, 6, and 9. The relationship was most marked when the numbers were presented visually as digits but held also when the numbers were printed as words. RT for classification of simple three-digit addition and subtraction problems as correctly or incorrectly added or subtracted was shortest for correct additions and about equal for incorrect additions and correct and incorrect subtractions, implying a difference in processing of these forms of information. Similarly, dubitably false sentences were more slowly classified as “true” or “false” than were indubitably false sentences and either dubitably or indubitably true sentences.

scholarly journals Using Customized Rate-Coding and Recruitment Strategies to Maintain Forces During Repetitive Activation of Human Muscles

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Wei Chou ◽  
Trisha M Kesar ◽  
Stuart A Binder-Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Stimulation Frequency ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Force Level ◽  
Stimulation Intensity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rate Coding ◽  
The Right

Background and Purpose During functional electrical stimulation (FES), clinicians typically increase stimulation intensity to offset fatigue and maintain functional levels of force production. However, recent studies have suggested that increasing the stimulation frequency is an effective strategy for overcoming fatigue during FES. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 5 stimulation strategies on maintaining forces during repetitive isometric muscle activation. Subjects and Methods The right quadriceps femoris muscles of 12 subjects with no history of lower-extremity orthopedic, neurological, or vascular problems were tested. The 5 stimulation strategies were: progressively increasing the frequency, progressively increasing the intensity, and 3 combination protocols that first increased the intensity and then increased the frequency. The only difference among the 3 combination protocols was the starting frequency used in each protocol (20, 30, or 40 Hz). For all protocols, the stimulation frequency or intensity was increased progressively every time the peak force declined more than 10% from a targeted force level. The specific step increases in frequency or intensity were customized for each subject. A contraction was defined as successful when its peak force exceeded 90% of the targeted force level. Results The results showed that progressively increasing only the frequency produced 59% more successful contractions than progressively increasing only the intensity. In addition, the combination stimulation protocol that began with 30-Hz trains produced the most successful contractions (mean=1,205 contractions; 35%–74% more than the other 4 protocols tested). Discussion and Conclusions The results suggest that increasing the stimulation intensity and then the frequency is the best strategy to maintain muscle performance and could help clinicians design optimal stimulation protocols to use for each patient during FES.

The Effect of Uncertainty on Reaction Time

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 805-809
Author(s):  
Stanley Caplan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Familiar Stimuli ◽  
The Relationship

Using various card-sorting tasks, this class experiment shows how choice reaction time increases with the number of bits processed in tasks having familiar stimuli and one-to-one stimulus-response compatibility. Students deal decks of cards during four timed exercises into a specific number of piles according to color (2 piles), suit (4 piles), etc., which represent a different level of uncertainty measured by bits of information processed. A second deal is conducted without regard to suit, color, etc. to determine and remove movement time from the total deal time. The relationship of the resulting reaction time and bits is shown in a graph of data generated in real time from the students' four class exercises. This demonstration can be used to introduce the concept of information processing, to explore what experimental factors could contribute to the resultant time, and to discuss real-life choice reaction time applications.

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