scholarly journals Language processing fluency and verbal working memory in prelingually deaf long-term cochlear implant users: A pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 312-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Kronenberger ◽  
Shirley C. Henning ◽  
Allison M. Ditmars ◽  
David B. Pisoni
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Processing Fluency ◽  
Prelingually Deaf

scholarly journals Verbal Working Memory, Long-Term Knowledge, and Statistical Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-345
Author(s):  
Satoru Saito ◽  
Masataka Nakayama ◽  
Yuki Tanida
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Serial Order ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Statistical Learning Techniques

Evidence supporting the idea that serial-order verbal working memory is underpinned by long-term knowledge has accumulated over more than half a century. Recent studies using natural-language statistics, artificial statistical-learning techniques, and the Hebb repetition paradigm have revealed multiple types of long-term knowledge underlying serial-order verbal working memory performance. These include (a) element-to-element association knowledge, which slowly accumulates through extensive exposure to an exemplar; (b) position–element knowledge, which is acquired through several encounters with an exemplar; and (c) whole-sequence knowledge, which is captured by the Hebb repetition paradigm and acquired rapidly with a few repetitions. Arguably, the first two are a basis for fluent and efficient language usage, and the third is a basis for vocabulary learning. Thus, statistical-learning mechanisms (and possibly episodic-learning mechanisms) may form the foundation of language acquisition and language processing, which characterize linguistic long-term knowledge for verbal working memory.

Functional MRI of auditory verbal working memory: long-term reproducibility analysis

NeuroImage ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1000-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingchang Wei ◽  
Seung-Schik Yoo ◽  
Chandlee C. Dickey ◽  
Kelly H. Zou ◽  
Charles R.G. Guttmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Verbal Working Memory

Input to Verbal Working Memory

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Jacobsen ◽  
Erich Schröger
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Auditory Sensory Memory ◽  
Complex Tones ◽  
Informational Basis

Abstract. Working memory uses central sound representations as an informational basis. The central sound representation is the temporally and feature-integrated mental representation that corresponds to phenomenal perception. It is used in (higher-order) mental operations and stored in long-term memory. In the bottom-up processing path, the central sound representation can be probed at the level of auditory sensory memory with the mismatch negativity (MMN) of the event-related potential. The present paper reviews a newly developed MMN paradigm to tap into the processing of speech sound representations. Preattentive vowel categorization based on F1-F2 formant information occurs in speech sounds and complex tones even under conditions of high variability of the auditory input. However, an additional experiment demonstrated the limits of the preattentive categorization of language-relevant information. It tested whether the system categorizes complex tones containing the F1 and F2 formant components of the vowel /a/ differently than six sounds with nonlanguage-like F1-F2 combinations. From the absence of an MMN in this experiment, it is concluded that no adequate vowel representation was constructed. This shows limitations of the capability of preattentive vowel categorization.

Effects of Aquatic Motor Intervention on Verbal Working Memory and Brain Activity-A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Nissim ◽  
Ronit Ram-Tsur ◽  
Joseph Glicksohn ◽  
Michal Zion ◽  
Zemira Mevarech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Verbal Working Memory

scholarly journals Early Postimplant Speech Perception and Language Skills Predict Long-Term Language and Neurocognitive Outcomes Following Pediatric Cochlear Implantation

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 2321-2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia R. Hunter ◽  
William G. Kronenberger ◽  
Irina Castellanos ◽  
David B. Pisoni
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Neurocognitive Outcomes

PurposeWe sought to determine whether speech perception and language skills measured early after cochlear implantation in children who are deaf, and early postimplant growth in speech perception and language skills, predict long-term speech perception, language, and neurocognitive outcomes.MethodThirty-six long-term users of cochlear implants, implanted at an average age of 3.4 years, completed measures of speech perception, language, and executive functioning an average of 14.4 years postimplantation. Speech perception and language skills measured in the 1st and 2nd years postimplantation and open-set word recognition measured in the 3rd and 4th years postimplantation were obtained from a research database in order to assess predictive relations with long-term outcomes.ResultsSpeech perception and language skills at 6 and 18 months postimplantation were correlated with long-term outcomes for language, verbal working memory, and parent-reported executive functioning. Open-set word recognition was correlated with early speech perception and language skills and long-term speech perception and language outcomes. Hierarchical regressions showed that early speech perception and language skills at 6 months postimplantation and growth in these skills from 6 to 18 months both accounted for substantial variance in long-term outcomes for language and verbal working memory that was not explained by conventional demographic and hearing factors.ConclusionSpeech perception and language skills measured very early postimplantation, and early postimplant growth in speech perception and language, may be clinically relevant markers of long-term language and neurocognitive outcomes in users of cochlear implants.Supplemental materialshttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5216200

An Examination of Verbal Working Memory Capacity in Children With Specific Language Impairment

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1249-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Ellis Weismer ◽  
Julia Evans ◽  
Linda J. Hesketh
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Specific Language

This study investigated verbal working memory capacity in children with specific language impairment (SLI). The task employed in this study was the Competing Language Processing Task (CLPT) developed by Gaulin and Campbell (1994). A total of 40 school-age children participated in this investigation, including 20 with SLI and 20 normal language (NL) age-matched controls. Results indicated that the SLI and NL groups performed similarly in terms of true/false comprehension items, but that the children with SLI evidenced significantly poorer word recall than the NL controls, even when differences in nonverbal cognitive scores were statistically controlled. Distinct patterns of word-recall errors were observed for the SLI and NL groups, as well as different patterns of associations between CLPT word recall and performance on nonverbal cognitive and language measures. The findings are interpreted within the framework of a limited-capacity model of language processing.

Incorporating semantics and individual differences in models of working memory

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 742-742
Author(s):  
Janice M. Keenan ◽  
Jukka Hyönä ◽  
Johanna K. Kaakinen
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
General Capacity ◽  
Capacity Estimates

Ruchkin et al.'s view of working memory as activated long-term memory is more compatible with language processing than models such as Baddeley's, but it raises questions about individual differences in working memory and the validity of domain-general capacity estimates. Does it make sense to refer to someone as having low working memory capacity if capacity depends on particular knowledge structures tapped by the task?

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