scholarly journals The potential role of tumor-derived exosomes in diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy in cancer

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Czystowska-Kuzmicz ◽  
Theresa L. Whiteside
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Response To Therapy

scholarly journals The potential role of miRNAs and exosomes in chemotherapy in ovarian cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. R663-R685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Alharbi ◽  
Felipe Zuñiga ◽  
Omar Elfeky ◽  
Dominic Guanzon ◽  
Andrew Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Chemotherapy Resistance ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Drug Efflux Pumps

Chemoresistance is one of the major obstacles in the treatment of cancer patients. It poses a fundamental challenge to the effectiveness of chemotherapy and is often linked to relapse in patients. Chemoresistant cells can be identified in different types of cancers; however, ovarian cancer has one of the highest rates of chemoresistance-related relapse (50% of patients within 5 years). Resistance in cells can either develop through prolonged cycles of treatment or through intrinsic pathways. Mechanistically, the problem of drug resistance is complex mainly because numerous factors are involved, such as overexpression of drug efflux pumps, drug inactivation, DNA repair mechanisms and alterations to and/or mutations in the drug target. Additionally, there is strong evidence that circulating miRNAs participate in the development of chemoresistance. Recently, miRNAs have been identified in exosomes, where they are encapsulated and hence protected from degradation. These miRNAs within exosomes (exo-miRNAs) can regulate the gene expression of target cells both locally and systemically. Exo-miRNAs play an important role in disease progression and can potentially facilitate chemoresistance in cancer cells. In addition, and from a diagnostic perspective, exo-miRNAs profiles may contribute to the development of predictive models to identify responder and non-responder chemotherapy. Such model may also be used for monitoring treatment response and disease progression. Exo-miRNAs may ultimately serve as both a predictive biomarker for cancer response to therapy and as a prognostic marker for the development of chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, this review examines the potential role of exo-miRNAs in chemotherapy in ovarian cancer.

Potential role of hepatic progenitor cells expression in cases of chronic hepatitis C and their relation to response to therapy: a clinicopathologic study

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 817-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanassios C. Tsamandas ◽  
Ioulia Syrokosta ◽  
Konstantinos Thomopoulos ◽  
Vassiliki Zolota ◽  
Dimitra Dimitropoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Hepatic Progenitor Cells ◽  
Clinicopathologic Study

scholarly journals Choline PET/CT in Multiple Myeloma

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1394
Author(s):  
Charles Mesguich ◽  
Cyrille Hulin ◽  
Axelle Lascaux ◽  
Laurence Bordenave ◽  
Gerald Marit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Refractory Disease ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18Fdg Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
International Myeloma Working Group

The field of multiple myeloma (MM) imaging has evolved. The International Myeloma Working Group recently recommended performing 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose glucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with the aim of staging MM patients at baseline and evaluating response to therapy. Novel oncological radiotracers such as 11C-Choline and 18F-Fluorocholine, have been studied in comparison with 18FDG, mostly in MM patients presenting with refractory disease or suspected relapse. Choline-based tracers may overcome some limitations of 18FDG, which include a lack of sensitivity in depicting skull lesions and the fact that 10% of MM patients are FDG-negative. The majority of MM lesions display a higher uptake of Choline than FDG. Also, in many situations, Choline may offer better lesion visualization, with a higher tumor to background ratio; however, various patterns of Choline and FDG uptake have been observed in MM and some limitations, notably as regards liver lesions, should be recognized. Overall, Choline may provide additional detection of up to 75% more lesions. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the potential role of Choline in multiple myeloma, as compared to FDG, encompassing Choline physiopathology as well as data from clinical studies.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

The Effect of Path Length and Display Size on Memory for Spatial Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Guérard ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Serial Memory ◽  
Fixed Reference ◽  
A Minor

In serial memory for spatial information, some studies showed that recall performance suffers when the distance between successive locations increases relatively to the size of the display in which they are presented (the path length effect; e.g., Parmentier et al., 2005) but not when distance is increased by enlarging the size of the display (e.g., Smyth & Scholey, 1994). In the present study, we examined the effect of varying the absolute and relative distance between to-be-remembered items on memory for spatial information. We manipulated path length using small (15″) and large (64″) screens within the same design. In two experiments, we showed that distance was disruptive mainly when it is varied relatively to a fixed reference frame, though increasing the size of the display also had a small deleterious effect on recall. The insertion of a retention interval did not influence these effects, suggesting that rehearsal plays a minor role in mediating the effects of distance on serial spatial memory. We discuss the potential role of perceptual organization in light of the pattern of results.

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