Antifungal susceptibility testing in Candida species: current methods and promising new tools for shortening the turnaround time

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 779-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludwig Knabl ◽  
Cornelia Lass-Flörl
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing

scholarly journals Identification of Fungal Pathogens in Otomycosis and Their Drug Sensitivity: Our Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 400-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Ali ◽  
Mahmood Hamed ◽  
Hameda Hassan ◽  
Amira Esmail ◽  
Abeer Sheneef
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Fungal Culture

Introduction Otomycosis is a common problem in otolaryngology practice. However, we usually encounter some difficulties in its treatment because many patients show resistance to antifungal agents, and present high recurrence rate. Objectives To determine the fungal pathogens that cause otomycosis as well as their susceptibility to the commonly used antifungal agents. Additionally, to discover the main reasons for antifungal resistance. Methods We conducted an experimental descriptive study on 122 patients clinically diagnosed with otomycosis from April 2016 to April 2017. Aural discharge specimens were collected for direct microscopic examination and fungal culture. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing was performed against the commonly used antifungal drugs. We tested the isolated fungi for their enzymatic activity. Results Positive fungal infection was found in 102 samples. The most common fungal pathogens were Aspergillus and Candida species, with Aspergillus niger being the predominant isolate (51%). The antifungal susceptibility testing showed that mold isolates had the highest sensitivity to voriconazole (93.48%), while the highest resistance was to fluconazole (100%). For yeast, the highest sensitivity was to nystatin (88.24%), followed by amphotericin B (82.35%), and the highest resistance was to terbinafine (100%), followed by Itraconazole (94.12%). Filamentous fungi expressed a high enzymatic ability, making them more virulent. Conclusion The Aspergillus and Candida species are the most common fungal isolates in otomycosis. Voriconazole and Nystatin are the medications of choice for the treatment of otomycosis in our community. The high virulence of fungal pathogens is owed to their high enzymatic activity. Empirical use of antifungals should be discouraged.

scholarly journals Disk diffusion Method in Enriched Mueller Hinton agar for determining susceptibility of Candida isolates from various clinical specimens

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Nabeela Mahboob ◽  
Hasina Iqbal ◽  
Mushtaque Ahmed ◽  
Md Mehedi Hasan Magnet ◽  
Kazi Zulfiquer Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar

Background: Candida species are responsible for various clinical infections ranging from mucocutaneous infection to life threatening invasive diseases. Recently there is a serious concern with increased resistance of antifungal drugs and its consequences. Thus, identification of Candida and its antifungal susceptibility testing has a paramount significance in the management of Candidal infections. The aim of the study was to determine antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida by Mueller-Hinton agar media supplemented with glucose and methylene blue for disk diffusion testing of fluconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, amphotericin B and nystatin. Methods: A total of 35 Candida species was isolated from 2000 clinical specimens over 6 month’s period from July 2016 to December 2016. Growths on Blood agar and chromogenic agar were evaluated for colony appearance and microscopic examination. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion using Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with glucose and methylene blue. Results: Candida species were more sensitive to clotrimazole (88.58%) and amphotericin B (88.58%) followed by nystatin ((77.14%), miconazole (74.29%) whereas fluconazole showed the highest level of resistance (60%). Conclusions: The increase in resistance to fluconazole is of serious concern as it is the most commonly used azole for candidiasis. The sensitivity profile of Candida isolates will be helpful to choose appropriate antifungal agents, thus decreasing patient’s morbidity and mortality. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.1, April, 2019, Page 28-33

scholarly journals Speciation of Candida using CHROMagar from various clinical specimens and their antifungal susceptibility pattern at a tertiary care hospital.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Sanjana Raj Kumari ◽  
Neetu Adhikaree
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Clinical Specimens

Background: Candida albicans remains the most common and are responsible for various clinical infections ranging from mucocutaneous infection to life threatening invasive diseases. But recent epidemiological data shift from C.albicans to non albicans Candida species and also increased resistance to antifungal drugs made the scenario a serious concern. Methods: A total of 156 Candida isolates from various clinical specimens received in the department of Microbiology were taken up for the study over a period of one year i.e. from March 2019 to February 2020. The Candida were grown on Sabouraud dextrose agar to be  evaluated for colony  appearance, macroscopic examination, Gram staining, germ tube, urea hydrolysis etc. The Candida isolates were speciated by using CHROMagar medium. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M44-A document. Results: The isolation of non albicans Candida (54.5%) predominated over Candida albicans (45.5%). Non albicans Candida isolated were Candida tropcalis 40(25.6%), Candida krusei 21(13.4%), Candida glabrata 17(10.8%) and Candida dublinensis 07(4.4%) each. Candida species were all susceptible to Amphotericin B, followed by fluconazole (67.4%), miconazole (51.9%) and ketoconazole (22.5%). Conclusions: The accurate species identification of Candida is important for the treatment because not all species respond to the same treatment and also because of the increasing antifungal resistance. CHROMagar is a convenient and rapid method of identification of Candida species specially in resource limited poor settings.   Keywords: antifungal susceptibility testing; Candida albicans; CHROMagar; non albicans Candida

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