Impact of machinery compaction and tillage systems on infiltration rate of sandy soils

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abo‐Abda ◽  
Ghulam Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Tillage Systems

scholarly journals Effect of Water Quality and Date Palm Biochar on Evaporation and Specific Hydrological Characteristics of Sandy Soil

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Arafat Alkhasha ◽  
Abdulrasoul Al-Omran ◽  
and Abdulaziz G. Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration

Experiments were conducted in a soil laboratory using transparent columns (5 and 40 cm in diameter and length, respectively) to evaluate the effects of water quality (i.e., fresh or saline water) with the addition of biochar on soil moisture characteristics. Soil and biochar were gently combined and added into the top 10 cm of each column at a rate of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% (w/w). The results show a decrease in cumulative evaporation by 29.27%, 16.47%, 14.17%, and 14.61% with freshwater, and by 21.24%, 12.22%, 21.08%, and 12.67% with saline water for B1, B2, B3, and B4, respectively, compared with unamended soil (B1, B2, B3 and B4 represent the treatments with the biochar rate of 2, 4, 6, and 8%, respectively). Cumulative infiltration was reduced by 34.38%, 43.37%, 58.89%, and 57.07% with freshwater, and by 30.18%, 44.38%, 54.44%, and 49.11% with saline water for B1, B2, B3, and B4, respectively. The infiltration rate was reduced by 32.73%, 42.17%, 57.82%, and 56.85% with freshwater, and 42.09%, 54.6%1, 62.68%, and 58.41% with saline water for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively, compared with the control. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of B1 decreased significantly by 92.8% and 67.72% with fresh and saline water, respectively. Biochar, as a soil conditioner, could be used in arid conditions with fresh and saline water to enhance the hydrological properties of sandy soils.

scholarly journals Evaluating three commonly used infiltration methods for permeable surfaces in urban areas using the SWMM and STORM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frida E. Å. Parnas ◽  
Elhadi M. H. Abdalla ◽  
Tone M. Muthanna
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer

Abstract Climate change and urbanization increase the pressure on combined sewer systems in urban areas resulting in elevated combined sewer overflows, degraded water quality in receiving waters, and changing stream flows. Permeable surfaces offer infiltration potential, which can contribute to alleviate the runoff to combined sewer systems. The variation in urban soil characteristics and the initial moisture conditions before a rainfall event are important factors affecting the infiltration process and consequently runoff characteristics. In this study, the urban hydrological models SWMM and STORM are used to evaluate the Green-Ampt, Horton, and Holtan infiltration methods for three urban sandy soils. A sensitivity analysis was carried out on a set of key parameter values. In addition, long-term simulations were conducted to evaluate the ability to account for initial soil moisture content. The results showed that the Holtan method's ability to account for both available storage capacity and maximum infiltration rate, as well as evapotranspiration in the regeneration of infiltration capacity, gave the best result with regards to runoff behaviour, especially for long-term simulations. Furthermore, the results from the urban sandy soils with different infiltration rate at saturation, together with a high sensitivity to the degree of sensitivity for maximum infiltration rate under dry conditions and minimum infiltration rate under wet conditions, indicate that field measurements of infiltration rate should be carried out at saturation for these soils.

scholarly journals The Effect of Rainfall Characteristics and Tillage on Sheet Erosion and Maize Grain Yield in Semiarid Conditions and Granitic Sandy Soils of Zimbabwe

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelaide Munodawafa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Rainfall Amount ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Sheet Erosion ◽  
Semiarid Conditions

In semiarid regions, rainfall is one of the primary factors affecting soil erosion and crop production under rain-fed agriculture. The study sought to quantify the effect of rainfall characteristics on sheet erosion and maize grain yield under different tillage systems. It was carried out under semiarid conditions and infertile sandy soils of Zimbabwe. Rainfall amount and intensity were recorded every 24 hours, while sheet erosion was measured from four tillage systems (Conventional Tillage (CT), Mulch Ripping (MR), Tied Ridging (TR) and Bare Fallow (BF)). Maize (Zea mays L.) was grown on three tillage systems (CT, MR, and TR). Rainfall amount varied significantly (P<0.001) between seasons (164–994 mm). CT recorded the highest average soil losses (15 t/ha), while MR and TR recorded 1.3 and 1.2 t/ha, respectively. Maize grain yields increased with increasing seasonal rainfall giving yield-responses of 0.9 t/ha (TR) to 1.3 t/ha (MR) for every 100 mm rainfall increment. Overall, treatments didnot differ significantly (P<0.497), except during drier seasons (P<0.025). Regression equations showed that yields can be confidently predicted using rainfall amount and time, withR2values of 0.82 to 0.94. Maize grain yields proved to be mostly dependent on rainfall amount than fertility. The productivity of the soils decreased with increased length of cultivation.

Comparison of methods for measuring severity of water repellence of sandy soils and assessment of some factors that affect its measurement

Soil Research ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM King
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Droplet ◽  
Aqueous Ethanol ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Small Ring ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Ethanol Droplet ◽  
Water Repellence

Rapid methods for measuring the severity of water repellence were assessed in 101 sandy soils from South Australia. The molarity of aqueous ethanol droplets that were absorbed by the soil in 10 s, the time of water droplet entry and the infiltration rate of water from a small ring infiltrometer were compared with the soil-water contact angle and with each other. Relationships between the tests were fitted by linear, quadratic and cubic regressions and were highly significant (100r2 = 70-92). The relationships were used to provide ratings of repellence normally found in the field. Factors which affect the measurement of repellence in the field were examined. Abrasion of sand particles during light sieving had only small effects on repellence, but more vigorous abrasion through rotational movement of the sand reduced repellence markedly. Repellence decreased with increasing temperature. Simple corrections for temperature were calculated and presented in figures as isorating charts. The moisture content of the soil had large and variable effects on the repellence tests. At moisture contents between oven and air dry (pF 5.6) there was little effect on the ethanol droplet or infiltration rate tests. Measurements by the ethanol droplet test were not reliable at moisture contents greater than air dry. At soil water contents between air dry and wilting point (pF 4.2), the infiltration rate of water was either unchanged or decreased in different soils. It then increased rapidly and reached a constant value near field capacity (pF 2.5). The infiltration rate also decreased when the time of moistening of the soil before the tests were made was extended from 20 to 168 h. It is recommended that repellence tests be made on oven- or air-dry soils. The aqueous ethanol and water droplet, and infiltration rate of water tests are all suitable for rapid assessment of repellence in the field.

Potential impact of Faidherbia albida tree on soil infiltration in a semi-arid agroforestry system of the Senegalese groundnut basin: role of preferential flows? 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waly Faye ◽  
Didier Orange ◽  
Djim Mouhamadou Lamine Diongue ◽  
Frederic Do ◽  
Christophe Jourdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Faidherbia Albida ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Single Ring

&lt;p&gt;The soil hydraulic properties controlling infiltration are dynamic depending on interrelated factors such as soil texture and structure, climate (rainfall intensity), land use, vegetation cover and plant root systems. These physical and biological factors directly influence the size and geometry of the conductive pores, and therefore the bulk density, soil structure and finally water infiltration at surface. In the Sahelian zone, the slightest modification of the physical properties of the soil has severe consequences on the soil properties and thus on hydrological processes. It is therefore essential to improve knowledge on the spatial distribution of the hydraulic behavior of soils for optimization of agricultural uses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We used the BEST method (Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters) on a toposequence of the Senegalese groundnut basin (Fatick region) in the Faidherbia-Flux observatory[1] where the average rainfall is 590 mm/yr. The studied toposequence (400 m long) is representative of a common agroforestry zone with annual cultivation of millet and peanuts and a sparse density of Faidherbia albida. The slope is low (1%) with small lowland areas made up of sandy soil with more clay (clay soil), while the glacis is represented by more or less compacted sand. The infiltrometry measurements were made with the automatic single-ring infiltrometer developed by Di Prima et al. (2016), used here for the first time in West Africa. The explicative variables tested are the type of soils, including: clay soils under tree (CLUT) and outside tree (CLOT), sandy soils under tree (SSUT) and outside trees (SSOT), and cattle trampled soils outside trees (TSOT) particularly compacted and largely present in the study area. BEST algorithms were applied to the experimental data to determine the hydraulic properties of the soils of the different variables and to draw water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are significant differences in infiltration rates between the sampled zones and in relation with the studied factors. The highest infiltration rate is found on sandy soils under tree (SSUT) with an average infiltration rate of 14.0 mm/min, followed by SSOT with 11.6 mm/min. Then the clay soils CLUT and CLOT are characterized by similar lower hydraulic responses with average infiltration rates of 6.9 mm/min and 6.2 mm/min, respectively. The average infiltration rate is the lowest on the compacted sandy soils TSOT, with only 5.4 mm/min. The study of the variability of the infiltration rates measured by class of variable shows a large variability for CLOT, CLUT and SSUT (decreasing order of variability). These results are in agreement with the measured values of dry soil bulk density. The high infiltration rates in the clay soils outside and under trees can be explained by the higher content of organic matter observed on the sampling, and probably by the existence of preferential flow activated by the macropores particularly present on clay soils (CLOT and CLUT) and on sandy soils under tree (SSUT).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Di Prima, S., et al., 2016. Testing a new automated single ring infiltrometer for Beerkan infiltration experiments. Geoderma, 262, 20&amp;#8211;34. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.08.006&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;[1] Faidherbia-Flux&amp;#160;: https://lped.info/wikiObsSN/?Faidherbia-Flux&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

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