A priori prediction of the probability of survival in vehicle crashes using anthropomorphic test devices and human body models

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Büchner ◽  
Mirko Junge ◽  
Giacomo Marini ◽  
Franz Fürst ◽  
Sylvia Schick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Human Body Models

scholarly journals A Computationally Efficient Finite Element Pedestrian Model for Head Safety: Development and Validation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guibing Li ◽  
Zheng Tan ◽  
Xiaojiang Lv ◽  
Lihai Ren
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Lateral Impact ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Pedestrian Impact ◽  
Human Body Models

Head injuries are often fatal or of sufficient severity to pedestrians in vehicle crashes. Finite element (FE) simulation provides an effective approach to understand pedestrian head injury mechanisms in vehicle crashes. However, studies of pedestrian head safety considering full human body response and a broad range of impact scenarios are still scarce due to the long computing time of the current FE human body models in expensive simulations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop and validate a computationally efficient FE pedestrian model for future studies of pedestrian head safety. Firstly, a FE pedestrian model with a relatively small number of elements (432,694 elements) was developed in the current study. This pedestrian model was then validated at both segment and full body levels against cadaver test data. The simulation results suggest that the responses of the knee, pelvis, thorax, and shoulder in the pedestrian model are generally within the boundaries of cadaver test corridors under lateral impact loading. The upper body (head, T1, and T8) trajectories show good agreements with the cadaver data in vehicle-to-pedestrian impact configuration. Overall, the FE pedestrian model developed in the current study could be useful as a valuable tool for a pedestrian head safety study.

Unsupervised construction of human body models

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 68-84
Author(s):  
Thomas Walther ◽  
Rolf P. Würtz
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Human Body Models

Morphological Evolution of French Military Personnels

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (38) ◽  
pp. 744-747
Author(s):  
Régis Mollard ◽  
Pierre Yves Hennion ◽  
Alex Coblentz
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Morphological Modification ◽  
Human Body Models ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military

The survey realized in 1992 on a military population allowed to collect anthropometric data on 688 males and 328 females. Among 73 measurements and 3 index, 26 of them have been retained for the comparison with previous surveys. Generally used for dimensioning human body models these data represent somatic measurements of reference, as weight and stature and segmentary measurements of trunk and limbs. A comparison with previous data, collected on a equivalent military population in 1973, confirms the modifications along the time are so significant that they can be considered as a phenomenon of morphological evolution. Likewise, the modification of the academic levels, average age and socio-cultural structures in the populations are combined to increase the anthropometric variability. It appears the military population presents a morphological modification with an overall increase in weight, stature and correlated dimensions. Otherwise, a light decrease of the cormic index indicates that the morphological transformation influences on the body proportions, with an increase more notable for the lower limbs compared to the trunk. The collected anthropometric information allow to update the Individual Database of ERGODATA from which ergonomie recommendations and statistical and morphological models of the human body can be proposed.

Efficient Reliability Assessment With the Conditional Probability Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Mansour ◽  
Mårten Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Reliability Assessment ◽  
Probability Of Failure ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Probability Method ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Reliability Method

Reliability assessment is an important procedure in engineering design in which the probability of failure or equivalently the probability of survival is computed based on appropriate design criteria and model behavior. In this paper, a new approximate and efficient reliability assessment method is proposed: the conditional probability method (CPM). Focus is set on computational efficiency and the proposed method is applied to classical load-strength structural reliability problems. The core of the approach is in the computation of the probability of failure starting from the conditional probability of failure given the load. The number of function evaluations to compute the probability of failure is a priori known to be 3n + 2 in CPM, where n is the number of stochastic design variables excluding the strength. The necessary number of function evaluations for the reliability assessment, which may correspond to expensive computations, is therefore substantially lower in CPM than in the existing structural reliability methods such as the widely used first-order reliability method (FORM).

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