scholarly journals Glucose Intolerance and Hyperlipidemia Prior to Diabetes Onset in Female Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) Rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masami Shinohara ◽  
Toshihiro Oikawa ◽  
Kahei Sato ◽  
Yasunori Kanazawa
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Plasma Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes

The Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rat, a newly established animal model for diabetes mellitus, presents nonobese type 2 diabetes with ocular complications. In the present study, oral glucose tolerance tests and biochemical and histopathological examinations were performed in female SDT rats at 16 and/or 25 weeks of age, before the onset of diabetes. At 25 weeks of age, glucose tolerance was significantly impaired, and plasma immunoreactive insulin levels at 120 min after glucose loading were significantly higher (P< 0.05). Body weight and fasting levels of plasma triglycerides and nonesterified fatty acids were significantly higher than those in control animals. Histopathologically, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis were observed in and around the pancreatic islets. These results strongly suggest that female SDT rats are useful as a model to investigate impairment of glucose tolerance and hyperlipidemia prior to the onset of diabetes.

scholarly journals Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy Improves Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Delays Diabetes Onset in UCD-T2DM Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (8) ◽  
pp. 3620-3632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany P. Cummings ◽  
Ahmed Bettaieb ◽  
James L. Graham ◽  
Kimber L. Stanhope ◽  
Mark Kowala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Diabetes Onset ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) has gained interest as a low morbidity bariatric surgery, which is effective in producing weight loss and causing type 2 diabetes resolution. However, the efficacy of VSG to prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes has not been previously investigated. VSG or sham surgery was performed on 2-month-old prediabetic male University of California Davis-type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Sham-operated animals were either sham-operated ad libitum fed (S-AL) or were weight-matched to VSG-operated animals (S-WM). Diabetes onset was determined by weekly nonfasting blood glucose measurements. Animals underwent oral glucose tolerance tests at 1 and 4 months after surgery and indirect calorimetry at 1.5 months after surgery. VSG surgery significantly delayed diabetes onset compared with both S-AL and S-WM animals. VSG-operated animals ate 23% less and weighed 20% less than S-AL. Energy expenditure did not differ between VSG-operated animals and controls. Results from the oral glucose tolerance tests demonstrate improved glucose tolerance and islet function in VSG-operated animals compared with S-AL and S-WM. Nutrient-stimulated glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, GLP-2, and peptide YY excursions were greater in VSG-operated animals. VSG surgery resulted in decreased fasting plasma insulin, ghrelin and lipid concentrations, and markedly higher fasting plasma adiponectin and bile acid concentrations, independent of body weight. Increases of circulating bile acid concentrations were due to selective increases of taurine-conjugated bile acids. Thus, VSG delays type 2 diabetes onset in the University of California Davis-type 2 diabetes mellitus rat, independent of body weight. This is potentially mediated by increases of circulating bile acids, adiponectin, and nutrient-stimulated GLP-1 secretion and decreased circulating ghrelin concentrations.

scholarly journals Absence of an Acute Insulin Response Predicts Onset of Type 2 Diabetes in a Caucasian Population with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 2633-2638 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Nijpels ◽  
W. Boorsma ◽  
J. M. Dekker ◽  
F. Hoeksema ◽  
P. J. Kostense ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Hyperglycemic Clamp ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests

Abstract Context: In persons with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), both impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance contribute to the conversion to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, few studies have used criterion standard measures to asses the predictive value of impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance for the conversion to T2DM in a Caucasian IGT population. Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the predictive value of measures of insulin secretion and insulin resistance derived from a hyperglycemic clamp, including the disposition index, for the development of T2DM in a Caucasian IGT population. Design, Setting, and Participants: The population-based Hoorn IGT study consisted of 101 Dutch IGT subjects (aged &lt; 75 yr), with mean 2-h plasma glucose values, of two separate oral glucose tolerance tests, between 8.6 and 11.1 mmol/liter. A hyperglycemic clamp at baseline was performed to assess first-phase and second-phase insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. During follow-up, conversion to T2DM was assessed by means of 6-monthly fasting glucose levels and yearly oral glucose tolerance tests. Results: The cumulative incidence of T2DM was 34.7%. Hazard ratio for T2DM development adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index was 5.74 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.60–12.67] for absence of first insulin peak, 1.58 (95% CI 0.60–4.17) for lowest vs. highest tertile of insulin sensitivity, and 1.78 (95% CI 0.65–4.88) for lowest vs. highest tertile of the disposition index. Conclusions: In these Caucasian persons with IGT, the absence of the first insulin peak was the strongest predictor of T2DM.

Low carbohydrate intake and oral glucose-tolerance tests

The Lancet ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 352 (9135) ◽  
pp. 1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Yoshioka ◽  
Sadayoshi Yokoh ◽  
Toshihide Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests

scholarly journals ogttMetrics: Data structures and algorithms for oral glucose tolerance tests

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 684
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Stubbs ◽  
Keith Frankston ◽  
Marcel Ramos ◽  
Nancy Laranjo ◽  
Frank M. Sacks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Large Clinical Trial ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Open Source Software Package ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Data Structures And Algorithms

We describe an open source software package, ogttMetrics, to compute diverse measures of glucose metabolism derived from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). Tools are provided to organize, visualize and compare OGTT data from large cohorts. Numerical difficulties in estimation of parameters of the Bergman minimal model are described, and in one large clinical trial, the simpler closed form index of Matsuda is observed to lead to similar rankings of individuals with respect to insulin sensitivity, and similar inferences concerning effects of modifications to carbohydrate content and glycemic index of experimental diets.

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