Crime and place: differences in spatial relationship between calls for service and recorded incidents for municipal and campus law enforcement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Cynthia Barnett-Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Crime And Place ◽  
Calls For Service ◽  
Campus Law Enforcement

Evaluation of ‘the R-Model’ crisis intervention de-escalation training for law enforcement

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Peterson ◽  
James Densley ◽  
Gina Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Crisis Intervention ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Calls For Service ◽  
Model Research ◽  
One Year

This study presents findings from a process and outcome evaluation of a custom crisis intervention and de-escalation training for law enforcement, delivered in-house to a suburban Minnesota police department (the R-Model: Research, Respond, Refer). Individual officer survey data showed the R-Model significantly decreased stigma and increased self-reported knowledge of mental health resources over baseline. Knowledge of resources held at the 4-month follow-up. One-year follow-up data at the agency level, showed decreases in the number of crisis calls for service and the number of repeat calls to the same addresses, even when compared to crisis call rates at similar police departments. Findings provide preliminary evidence that the R-Model may be an effective model that warrants additional study.

A quantitative assessment of institutions of higher education disaster preparedness and resilience

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-250
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Murphy, PhD, MPH, MBA ◽  
Jeff Brown, PhD ◽  
Arti Shankar, PhD, MS ◽  
Maureen Lichtveld, MD, MPH
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Campus Law Enforcement ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Question Survey

Objective: Assess levels of disaster preparedness in institutions of higher education (IHEs) in the United States.Design: An anonymous, 57-question survey targeted individuals responsible for emergency management at IHEs across the US descriptive statistics and bivariate chi-square analysis were reported. Using the established threshold score of the initial Cities Readiness Initiative from the CDC, an individual respondent’s composite score of 70 percent or higher across 23 specific questions within the 57-question survey was labeled as “prepared.”Results: Chi-square analysis identified variables associated with lower preparedness levels at IHEs not achieving the minimum 70 percent score. Having a campus law enforcement officer serve the additional role of emergency manager had a negative association with being prepared [χ 2 (1) = 10.18, p 0.001]. Having emergency management as a separate university function from campus law enforcement had a positive relationship with being prepared [χ 2 (1) = 18.55, p 0.001]. Staffing the emergency management function with a professional having less than 3 years of emergency management experience had a negative association with being prepared.Conclusions: Our results indicate that minimizing the mission of emergency management by simply tasking a campus law enforcement officer with the extra responsibility of emergency management or entertaining less professionally qualified personnel to lead emergency management’s complex mission can lead to disastrous results. Not only is preparedness impacted, but also resilience when facing disaster situations. Our nation continues to strive to become more resilient when facing such adverse events, as formally embraced and emphasized in the 2017 National Security Strategy. Research continues to offer best practices and unfortunately continues to highlight gaps. While the higher education community is not one of the 16 federal critical infrastructure sectors, identified gaps such as those presented in our findings as well as those published by the National Academies of Sciences are cause for alarm. Not only are higher education campuses generating invaluable contributions to society in general, bio-innovation, public health, and medicine, to name a few, they are a core stakeholder in resilience research and implementation. Yet, research continues to indicate preparedness and therefore resilience gaps in this sector. The authors propose implications for practice, policy, and research to assist IHEs in achieving a more comprehensive, sustainable level of resilience.

scholarly journals Cumulative, high-stress calls impacting adverse events among law enforcement and the public

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn K Jetelina ◽  
Alaina M Beauchamp ◽  
Jennifer Reingle Gonzalez ◽  
Rebecca J Molsberry ◽  
Stephen A. Bishopp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Calls For Service ◽  
Cumulative Stress ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
Focus Group Data ◽  
Multi Level

Abstract Background: The unpredictable, and sometimes dangerous, nature of the occupation exposes officers to both acute and chronic stress over law enforcement officers’ tenure. The purpose of this study is two-fold: 1) Describe multi-level characteristics that define high-stress calls for service for LEO; and 2) Characterize factors that impact cumulative stress over the course of a LEO’s shift.Methods: Qualitative data were collected from 28 LEOs at three law enforcement agencies in the Dallas-Fort Worth areas from April 2019 to February 2020. Focus group data were iteratively coded by four coders using inductive and deductive thematic identification. Results: Five multi-level factors influenced officer stress: 1) officer characteristics (e.g. military experience; gender); 2) civilian behavior (e.g. resistance, displaying a weapon); 3) supervisor factors (micromanagement); 4) environmental factors (e.g. time of year); and, 5) situational factors (e.g. audience present; complexity of calls). Four themes that characterized cumulative stress: 1) cyclical risk; 2) accelerators; 3) decelerators; and 4) experience of an adverse event.Conclusions: LEOs become susceptible to adverse events (e.g. injury, excessive use of force) after repeated exposure to high-stress calls for service. Ongoing exposures to stress continue to occur throughout the shift. Our long-term goal is to interrupt this repetitive, cumulative process by restricting the number of consecutive high-risk, high-intensity calls an officer is permitted to respond to.Trial Registration: NA

scholarly journals Changes in Police Calls for Service During the Early Months of the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P J Ashby
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Calls For Service ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Service Data

Abstract The coronavirus pandemic poses multiple challenges for policing, including the need to continue responding to calls from the public. Several contingency plans warned police to expect a large and potentially overwhelming increase in demand from the public during a pandemic, but (to the author’s knowledge) there is no empirical work on police demand during a major public health emergency. This study used calls-for-service data from 10 large cities in the USA to analyse how calls for service changed during the early months of the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak, compared to forecasts of call volume based on data from previous years. Contrary to previous warnings, overall the number of calls went down during the early weeks of the pandemic. There were substantial reductions in specific call types, such as traffic collisions, and significant increases in others, such as calls to dead bodies. Other types of calls, particularly those relating to crime and order maintenance, continued largely as before. Changes in the frequency of different call types present challenges to law enforcement agencies, particularly since many will themselves be suffering from reduced staffing due to the pandemic. Understanding changes to calls in detail will allow police leaders to put in place evidence-based plans to ensure they can continue to serve the public.

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