A sensitivity analysis method for water distribution system tank siting for energy savings

Abstract The practical energy minimization algorithm (EMA) is introduced here to determine if a water distribution system (WDS) can be less energy dependent. The EMA is a simple algorithm that can be used by practitioners in the planning and management of WDS. The EMA employs the Jatropha Curcas (JC) tree as a source of oil for fueling water pumps. The EMA is demonstrated on a WDS in Senegal, West Africa, and calculates the level of JC production required to be self-sufficient in fueling the water system to meet drinking, sanitation, and JC irrigation requirements. It was found that the EMA successfully showed that the demonstration WDS can be energy self-sufficient to provide recommended amounts of drinking water for the people and enough irrigation for the JC trees, but only if greywater was used to supplement the irrigation and if a mechanical press was used in lieu of a hand press to extract the oil from the JC leaves. An adequate amount of oil was thus produced to power the required mechanical press as well. Payback periods of significantly less than the life of the required equipment indicate the viability of JC oil as fuel and the feasibility of having an energy independent WDS.

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Sensitivity of algorithm parameters and objective function scaling in multi-objective optimisation of water distribution systems

Journal of Hydroinformatics ◽

10.2166/hydro.2015.062 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 891-916 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Helena Mala-Jetmarova ◽

Andrew Barton ◽

Adil Bagirov

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Objective Function ◽

Distribution System ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Water Distribution System ◽

Parameter Setting ◽

Nsga Ii ◽

Multi Objective ◽

Optimisation Model

This paper presents an extensive analysis of the sensitivity of multi-objective algorithm parameters and objective function scaling tested on a large number of parameter setting combinations for a water distribution system optimisation problem. The optimisation model comprises two operational objectives minimised concurrently, the pump energy costs and deviations of constituent concentrations as a water quality measure. This optimisation model is applied to a regional non-drinking water distribution system, and solved using the optimisation software GANetXL incorporating the NSGA-II linked with the network analysis software EPANet. The sensitivity analysis employs a set of performance metrics, which were designed to capture the overall quality of the computed Pareto fronts. The performance and sensitivity of NSGA-II parameters using those metrics is evaluated. The results demonstrate that NSGA-II is sensitive to different parameter settings, and unlike in the single-objective problems, a range of parameter setting combinations appears to be required to reach a Pareto front of optimal solutions. Additionally, inadequately scaled objective functions cause the NSGA-II bias towards the second objective. Lastly, the methodology for performance and sensitivity analysis may be used for calibration of algorithm parameters.

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Linear Regression Calculation and Energy Saving Analysis about Thermotechnical Parameters of Target Type Impinging Stream Nozzles

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.2966 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 490-495 ◽

pp. 2966-2970

Author(s):

Su Qian Yan ◽

Sheng Tang

Keyword(s):

Distribution System ◽

Mass Velocity ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Water Distribution System ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Target Type ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Spray Chamber ◽

Textile Mill ◽

Economical Analysis

To study the thermal property and the feasibility about the target type impinging stream nozzles, the thermotechnical parameters have been measured in Xi'an No.3 Textile mill. The equation between quantity of water and pressure, aperture, spacing has been established by regression analysis method. In the same way, the equation and the characteristic curve about efficiency and spacing, air mass velocity has been built. Comparing with the centrifugal nozzle, water distribution system about each nozzle has been calculated. Hydrographic net resistance of each kind of system has been calculated and the economical analysis has been done. It may provide a reference basis for choosing nozzle and designing the water spray chamber.

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Sensitivity analysis of municipal drinking water distribution system energy use to system properties

Urban Water Journal ◽

10.1080/1573062x.2010.484501 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 217-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Santosh R. Ghimire ◽

Brian D. Barkdoll

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Distribution System ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Energy Use ◽

Water Distribution System ◽

Drinking Water Distribution System ◽

Drinking Water Distribution ◽

System Energy ◽

System Properties

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The Optimum Monitoring Location of Pressure in Water Distribution System

Water ◽

10.3390/w11020307 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 307 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sanghyun Jun ◽

Hyuk Jae Kwon

Keyword(s):

Distribution System ◽

Pilot Plant ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Water Distribution System ◽

Pressure Change ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Pipe Network ◽

Pressure Changes ◽

Sensor Locations

This study proposes two methods for the determination of optimum monitoring locations of pressure changes in a water distribution system. A sensitivity analysis method is used to calculate the pressure change in a junction due to the change in demand at other junctions. A pressure contribution analysis method is used to calculate the summation of pressure contribution of a junction due to the change in demand at another junction. These methods are applied to a small sample pipe network, pilot plant, and small distribution system for verification. Furthermore, unsteady analysis of the sample pipe network and an experiment in the pilot plant are conducted to verify the availability and accuracy of the proposed methods. To verify the methods, leakage at J-55 was artificially produced at the pilot plant. The pressure change was measured at five different combination groups of sensor locations. From the results, it was found that the top ranked group of sensor locations, J-116, J-140, J-22, and J-68, had the highest pressure contributions and sensitivity. The results of the newly developed methods for the determination of monitoring locations are in good agreement with the results of the unsteady analysis. Finally, the proposed methods are applied to a real distribution system of a small city as a test bed. It is found that the proposed methods for determining the monitoring locations of pressure changes in the water distribution system are useful and effective.

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