Autonomous Incident Detection on Spectrometers Using Deep Convolutional Models

This paper focuses on improving the performance of scientific instrumentation that uses glass spray chambers for sample introduction, such as spectrometers, which are widely used in analytical chemistry, by detecting incidents using deep convolutional models. The performance of these instruments can be affected by the quality of the introduction of the sample into the spray chamber. Among the indicators of poor quality sample introduction are two primary incidents: The formation of liquid beads on the surface of the spray chamber, and flooding at the bottom of the spray chamber. Detecting such events autonomously as they occur can assist with improving the overall operational accuracy and efficacy of the chemical analysis, and avoid severe incidents such as malfunction and instrument damage. In contrast to objects commonly seen in the real world, beading and flooding detection are more challenging since they are of significantly small size and transparent. Furthermore, the non-rigid property increases the difficulty of the detection of these incidents, as such that existing deep-learning-based object detection frameworks are prone to fail for this task. There is no former work that uses computer vision to detect these incidents in the chemistry industry. In this work, we propose two frameworks for the detection task of these two incidents, which not only leverage the modern deep learning architectures but also integrate with expert knowledge of the problems. Specifically, the proposed networks first localize the regions of interest where the incidents are most likely generated and then refine these incident outputs. The use of data augmentation and synthesis, and choice of negative sampling in training, allows for a large increase in accuracy while remaining a real-time system for inference. In the data collected from our laboratory, our method surpasses widely used object detection baselines and can correctly detect 95% of the beads and 98% of the flooding. At the same time, out method can process four frames per second and is able to be implemented in real time.

Development of a laboratory nozzle chamber installation for the humidification of buildings

The nozzle chamber, in which water is sprayed into the air stream using mechanical nozzles, is the main unit for these processes in central air conditioning systems (AHUs). The types of nozzles used do not have a sufficiently high effect of interfacial surface forming due to increased metal usage and the broad total dimensions of certain chambers, i.e., they do not have intensive heat and mass transfer. The authors performed testing of the apparatus in the direct iso-enthalpic air cooling mode to improve the performance of the nozzle chamber. Thus, the experiments conducted confirm the relatively high efficiency of FET operation at small values of irrigation coefficient B ≥ 1.0. The area highlighted is characterised by the unstable operation of other nozzle types. Therefore, FET nozzles can be operated at irrigation factor values B = 0.1…1.0. Experiments have shown that this equation is applicable for practical calculations, with a relative error of ±6.7%. The aerodynamic resistance of the spray chamber nozzle chambers is also according to the data not exceeding 160 Pa.

On increase in stability of superhydrophobic oleic acid layers on surface of D16 aluminum alloy

The possibility of increasing the stability of SHP layers formed from ethanol solutions of oleic acid (OlA) by layer-by-layer modification of the laser-textured surface of the alloy D16 by ethanol solutions of trialkoxysilanes (vinyltrimethoxysilane (VS), octyltriethoxysilane (OTES)) is discussed. It is shown that OTES is more effective than VS in achieving the SHF state of the alloy surface. The protective ability of the coatings was evaluated by polarization measurements in 0,05 M NaCl water solution and corrosion tests in a salt spray chamber. It is shown that the two-stage modification of the alloy surface in solutions of OTES and OlA at Cin = 10 mmol / l, allows one to surpass the protective capacity of individual components, and τcor = 498 h. It is important that the SHP properties of the coating are preserved for 240 hours of testing under salt spray chamber conditions.

Pelapisan Baja Karbon Jis S50c Menggunakan Metode Elektroplating: Variasi Pelapisan Nickel (NI) dan Chrom (CR) Terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Sifat Kimia

Pelapisan menjadi bagian akhir dari proses produksi dari suatu produk dengan melakukan pemberian sifat tertentu pada suatu permukaan benda kerja dengan mengharapkan benda tersebut akan mengalami perbaikan terhadap sifat fisiknya mencapai bentuk setelah 6 proses pengerjaan mesin serta penghalusan terhadap permukaan benda kerja. Nikel terdapat besi dan kobalt yang sering digunakan untuk tujuan pencegahan karat dan menambah keindahan.Tujuan penelitian ini mencari pengujian sem, pengujian korosi, pengujian ketebalan dan pengujian kekerasar dari Pelapisan Baja Karbon JIS S50C dengan metode electroplating nikel dan krom dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknik Mesin Universitas Sigaperbangsa Karawang, sedangkan pengujian serta analisa hasil eksperimen material di Balai Besar Bahan dan Barang Teknik (B4T) Bandung dan pusat Penelitian Fisika di LIPI Serang. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat electroplating dan komponen bak penampung elektrolit, power supply, penjepit anoda dan katoda, heater, aerator, gerinda listrik, alat pengujur kekerasan vickers, Salt Spray Chamber dan mikrosop optik

Microstructure and Ablation Behavior of Very Low-Pressure Plasma Sprayed ZrB2-Based Coatings

The effect of deposition pressure on the microstructure and ablation behavior of ZrB2 coatings deposited by very low pressure plasma spraying is investigated. The results show that under a chamber pressure less than 50 kPa, as the spray chamber pressure decreases, the porosity of the coating deposited at the same distance decreases, and the coating prepared under 100 Pa presents the lowest porosity of 1.79 %. Furthermore, among the ZrB2 coatings deposited at 100 Pa, 5 kPa, 10 kPa and 50 kPa, the dense coating deposited at 100 Pa showed the lowest ablation rate of 0.33 μm/s, 0.75±0.08 mg/s.

Assessment of Mini-Tablets Coating Uniformity as a Function of Fluid Bed Coater Inlet Conditions

This study concerned the quality of mini-tablets’ coating uniformity obtained by either the bottom spray chamber with a classical Wurster distributor (CW) or a swirl distributor (SW). Mini-tablets with a diameter of 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mm were coated with hypromellose using two different inlet air distributors as well as inlet airflow rates (130 and 156 m3/h). Tartrazine was used as a colorant in the coating layer and the coating uniformity was assessed by spectrophotometric analysis of solutions obtained after disintegration of the mini-tablets (n = 100). Higher uniformity of coating material distribution among the mini-tablets was observed in the case of SW distributor, even for the biggest mini-tablets (d = 3.0 mm), with an RSD no larger than 5.0%. Additionally, coating thickness was evaluated by colorimetric analysis (n = 1000), using a scanner method, and expressed as a hue value. A high correlation (R = 0.993) between inter-tablet variability of hue and UV-Vis results was obtained. Mini-tablets were successfully coated in a fluid bed system using both a classical Wurster distributor as well as a swirl generator. However, regardless of the mini-tablets’ diameter, better film uniformity was achieved in the case of a distributor with a swirl generator.

The Influence of Surface Preparation of the Steel during the Renovation of the Car Body on Its Corrosion Resistance

The article presents the influence of the applied method used for removing the varnish coat on the corrosion resistance of the car body sheet. The tests were carried out on samples prepared from factory-painted car body elements with pearlescent, metallized and acrylic varnish. Removal of the varnish coat was performed by sandpaper grinding, glass bead blasting, disc blaze rapid stripping, soda blasting and abrasive blasting with plastic granules. The average thickness of the factory-painted coating depending on the type of lacquer ranged from about 99 to 140 µm. On the other hand, after removing the varnish, the thickness of the protective zinc coating ranged from 2 to 12.7 µm. The highest values of the zinc coating were obtained for samples in which the varnish was removed by the method such as soda blasting and abrasive blasting with plastic granules. For these two methods of surface preparation, the damage to the zinc layer protecting the steel against corrosion is the smallest and the percentage of zinc in the surface layer ranges from 58% to 78%. The final stage of the research was to test the samples after removing the varnish coat in a two-hour exposure to the corrosive environment in a salt spray chamber. Samples with the surface prepared by grinding with sandpaper reached the level of surface rusting Ri 5, while in the case of soda blasting and the use of plastic granules, no corrosion centers were observed on the surface of the car body sheet.