Removal of Organic Pollutants from Textile Mill Effluent using Azadirachta Indica Powder

Due to stringent environmental regulations and increased awareness about the environment, effluent treatment has always been a key aspect of research. Textile industry is one of the oldest and technologically advanced complex industrial sectors employing variety of chemicals and large amount of fresh water consumption. These effluents contain substantial amount of organic pollutants and suspended impurities in varying compositions and hence cannot be discharged directly into the environment. The current research work focused on the utilization of Azadirachta Indica powder as a natural adsorbent for the effective removal of organic and suspended pollutants from textile mill effluent. A series of batch experimental studies were performed by varying the pH of textile mill effluent, stirring time, stirring speed and dosage of Azadirachta Indica powder. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), conductivity, and turbidity were estimated to study the performance of Azadirachta Indica powder in the removal of pollutants. The characterizations of Azadirachta Indica powder before and after treatment are performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The best processing conditions for the effective removal of pollutants from textile mill effluent was obtained at an effluent solution pH 4.0, stirring time 90 min, stirring speed 150 rpm with 1.0 g of Azadirachta Indica powder. The surface morphological structure of Azadirachta Indica powder after batch treatment using scanning electron microscopy indicated that the pollutants are accumulated in the form of clusters on the adsorbent surface. The FTIR spectral analysis indicates the chemical interaction between adsorbent powder and organic pollutants illustrate the characteristic peaks. The study demonstrates that the Azadirachta indica is a promising type of biomass for the effective removal of pollutants from textile mill effluent. HIGHLIGHTS In this research, Azadirachta Indica powder was employed as a natural adsorbent for the effective removal of pollutants from textile mill effluent Batch experimental studies were performed by varying the pH of textile mill effluent, stirring time, stirring speed and dosage of Azadirachta Indica powder and the optimum processing conditions were established The study demonstrates that the Azadirachta indica is a promising type of biomass for the effective removal of pollutants from textile mill effluent GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using Advanced Oxidation Processes—A Critical Review

Textile manufacturing is a multi-stage operation process that produces significant amounts of highly toxic wastewater. Given the size of the global textile market and its environmental impact, the development of effective, economical, and easy-to handle alternative treatment technologies for textile wastewater is of significant interest. Based on the analysis of peer-reviewed publications over the last two decades, this paper provides a comprehensive review of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on textile wastewater treatment, including their performances, mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages, influencing factors, and electrical energy per order (EEO) requirements. Fenton-based AOPs show the lowest median EEO value of 0.98 kWh m−3 order−1, followed by photochemical (3.20 kWh m−3 order−1), ozonation (3.34 kWh m−3 order−1), electrochemical (29.5 kWh m−3 order−1), photocatalysis (91 kWh m−3 order−1), and ultrasound (971.45 kWh m−3 order−1). The Fenton process can treat textile effluent at the lowest possible cost due to the minimal energy input and low reagent cost, while Ultrasound-based AOPs show the lowest electrical efficiency due to the high energy consumption. Further, to explore the applicability of these methods, available results from a full-scale implementation of the enhanced Fenton technology at a textile mill wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) are discussed. The WWTP operates at an estimated cost of CNY ¥1.62 m−3 (USD $0.23 m−3) with effluent meeting the China Grade I-A pollutant discharge standard for municipal WWTPs, indicating that the enhanced Fenton technology is efficient and cost-effective in industrial treatment for textile effluent.

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE AWARENESS REGARDING BYSSINOSIS & ITS PREVENTION AMONG TEXTILE WORKERS AT JODHPUR, WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP INFORMATION BOOKLET

INTRODUCTION: Byssinosis is one of the oldest occupational lung disease, which is incurable and is caused by inhalation of cotton dust. Byssinosis is preventable disease. Still this disease kills thousands of workers around the worlds every year. Various studies have should that the textile workers due not having awareness regarding byssinosis and its prevention. In this study, distribution of booklet among textile workers is an attempt to improve the knowledge regarding byssinosis and it/s prevention. AIM OF THE STUDY: Assess the awareness regarding byssinosis & its prevention among textile workers. METERIAL AND METHOD: A descriptive study was carried out to assess the awareness of 100 textile workers selected by purposive sampling, who were workers in different textile mill in Jodhpur Rajasthan were assessed by using a structured knowledge questionnaire and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. RESULT: The findings of the study reveals that to the level of awareness shows that majority (73%) of the sample had poor awareness followed by 19% had good awareness and remaining (8%) sample had average awareness regarding byssinosis and its prevention. However the majority of the demographic variables such as age, level of education, marital status, religion, monthly income, working experience, type of work, working hours per day and existing pulmonary disease were found significant association with the level of awareness regarding Byssinosis and its prevention except age of starting work and duration of smoking. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that textile workers have poor awareness regarding byssinosis as per current research recommendations. They require education and to enhance their awareness regarding byssinosis. Self-information booklets were distributed to them to improve the awareness regarding byssinosis and its prevention. KEY WORDS: Awareness, Textile workers, Byssinosis, Information booklet.

ICONIC AND SYMBOLIC ASPECT IN TRADEMARKS OF THE LATE 19th AND EARLY 20th CENTURIES

The purpose of the study is to identify the possibilities of visual symbolism in the creation of a company image using a logo in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Research Methodology. The historical, historical-comparative, analytical methods were used to conduct the research; art history methods — formal, figurative-stylistic, semantic analysis — were used to identify the figurative and symbolic language of the company’s logos late 19th – early 20th centuries. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the works of foreign and national scientists of the 20th century, the symbol and mark are characterised as means of expressing the phenomenon essence, and the existing classifications of symbols are considered. The logos used in the late 19th – early 20th centuries in the world practice and on the Ukraine territory are analysed. The example of the Prudential Financial insurance company (the USA) shows that the use of a symbolic element remained unchanged in the process of its changes during 1860–1996. On the example of the trademarks of Ukrainian enterprises — the Ernst Mehlhose Agricultural Machinery Plant (1874–1923), the F. V. Alsop in Kharkiv enterprise, Luhansk Textile Mill (1904–2001), Kyiv Contract Fair (1797–1930) — the methods of visual identification are considered, the artistic means are determined; the comparative analysis is carried out. It is established that the image of the rock in the structure of the American company logo is a symbol of strength and security and appeals to its main characteristics. It is determined that in the means of visual identification of Ukrainian enterprises of the late 19th – early 20th centuries, there is a tendency to express clearly the company specialisation through realistic images of architectural buildings that belonged to them or produced products, as well as ordinary names with moderate artistic design.

Removal of disperse orange and disperse blue dyes present in textile mill effluent using zeolite synthesized from cenospheres

In the present research, an efficient, eco-friendly method of utilization of coal fly ash in the form of zeolite, to treat wastewater containing dyes has been studied. Response surface methodology involving Box-Behnken design was applied for a batch process to evaluate the effect of process parameters like contact time, dye concentration, agitation speed, pH and adsorbent dosage onto zeolite. Disperse Orange 25 (DO) dye showed maximum 96% removal under optimal conditions of contact time (119 min), dye concentration (38.00 mg/L), agitation speed (158 rpm), pH (6.10) and adsorbent dosage (0.67 g/L), whereas 95.23% of Disperse Blue 79:1 (DB) dye removal was observed at adsorbent dose (1.05 g/L), dye concentration (26.72 mg/L), agitation speed (145 rpm), pH (5.68) and contact time (122 min). Study concluded that cenospheres derivatized zeolite adsorbent is efficient, eco-friendly and economical along with high potential for removal of DO and DB dyes from the aqueous solutions.

Fluorescence-Activated Droplet Sorting of Polyethylene terephthalate Degrading Enzymes

It is a great challenge to expand the spectrum of enzymes that can decompose synthetic plastics such as Polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, a bottleneck remains due to the lack of techniques for detecting and sorting environmental microorganisms with vast diversity and abundance. Here, we developed a fluorescence-activated droplet sorting (FADS) pipeline for high-throughput screening of PET-degrading microorganisms or enzymes (PETases). The pipeline comprises three steps: generation of droplets encapsulating single cells, picoinjection of Fluorescein dibenzoate (FDBz) as the fluorogenic probe, and screening of droplets to obtain PET-degrading cells. We characterized critical factors associated with the method, including specificity and sensitivity for discriminating PETase from other enzymes, and optimized its performance and compatibility with environmental samples. The system was used to screen an environmental sample from a PET textile mill, successfully obtained PET-degrading species belonging to 9 different genera. Moreover, two putative PETases from isolates Kineococcus endophyticus Un-5 and Staphylococcus epidermidis Un-C2-8 were genetically derived, heterologously expressed, and preliminarily validated for PET-degrading activities. We speculate the FADS pipeline can be widely adopted to discover new PET-degrading microorganisms and enzymes from various environments, as well as directed evolution of PETases using synthetic biology.

Cow dung and tea waste amendments enhance the biotransformation of textile mill sludge into vermicomposts using Eisenia fetida

Vermicomposting of textile mill sludge (TMS) with cow dung (CD) and tea waste (TW) as amendments was done in seven different combinations using Eisenia fetida for 90 days. Results revealed that pH decreased from 7.68–8.63 to 7.09–7.59. TOC content and C/N ratio reductions were in range of 15.71–20.08% and 39.33–50.05% respectively (P < 0.05). The macronutrients in the form of TN, TP and TK increased 0.38–0.64 folds, 1.07–2.27 folds and 0.56–1.98 folds respectively after the end of bioconversion process (P < 0.05), among increases in ash content and EC. The biomass and cocoon production of E.fetida increased significantly (P < 0.05), while increasing mortality rate of earthworms was observed in treatments containing 50% or more TMS content. The bacterial population beneficial for degradation of organic matter increased significantly over initial substrates (P < 0.05). Increased humification index in the end product indicated better maturity of vermicompost as observed in treatments containing higher proportions of amendments. The addition of amendments favored earthworm activity which significantly decreased the heavy metal concentration (Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn) in the end product. The study concluded that sustainable utilization of TMS could be achieved for the cleaner and enriched vermicompost production by addition of amendments CD and TW in proportions of 50% and above.