Coal Mining Energy Utilization and Environmental Impact Management Strategy Using the LCA Method

Coal mining processing and the clearing of land require that materials which have been removed be carefully inspected before it is reused. In this study, the boundary of our model starts with excavation and ends with material recovery. Therefore, further processing of the material to be recovered (recycling, reprocessing) is excluded from the model. In this study, the topsoil layer was collected in three pits numbered one, two, and three, from January to December 2020. The use of the LCA method gives results after the inventory data is carried out, which results in global warming. The results showed material removal unit process generated a total CO2 value of 32.44 kg CO2- eq.tonne-1 of coal, and the coal mining unit process generated a total CO2 value of 255.99 kg CO2- eq.tonne-1 of coal, for the impact of global warming. When compared to the material removal process, the results of the coal mining unit process show the highest global warming impact. Coal processing gives a yield of 25.61 kg CO2- eq.tonne-1 of coal. So that the resulting impact as a whole is 314 kg CO2- eq.tonne-1 of coal. The total emissions resulting from B30 fuel (314 kg CO2- eq.tonne-1 of coal) are smaller than B20 fuel (320 kg CO2- eq.tonne-1 of coal), 6 kg CO2-eq.tonne-1 of coal. The coal mining process includes fuel used in coal extraction, coal hauling, coal stockpiling, blasting, water pumps, and water tracks.

ANALYSIS OF A WWII T2-TANKER USING A VIRTUAL 3D MODEL AND CONTEMPORARY CRITERIA

The S.S. Ohio that saved the Maltese from capitulation during WWII made it to Malta barely afloat on the 15th of August 1942. Historical literature provides three main hypotheses as to why the tanker did not sink under heavy attack, namely: the use of water pumps partially restored buoyancy, the cargo density and a strong fully welded hull. A stability, floodable length and residual strength analysis was conducted to confirm or disprove the hypotheses. The results indicated that the vessel was stable, the water pumps partially restored buoyancy and was sinking despite her welded structure and cargo on-board. A challenge was to draw a comparison between the results and applicable criteria. At the time, criteria only governed the ship’s scantlings and did not focus on stability, floodable length and residual strength. The research provided engineering evidence on how the S.S. Ohio survived, whilst contemporary criteria were identified to assess the tanker’s characteristics.

Major trends characterizing solar energy development in Uzbekistan

This paper examines the main trends in the development of solar energy in Uzbekistan. It also describes various schemes for powering deep-water pumps using PV power plants and analyzes the payback period of small autonomous (off-grid) solar systems.

Assessment of Health Risks Posed by Water Quality in the Centralized Supply Network of Private Sector Housing in Ufa

Background: At present, high-quality drinking water supply is challenging due to natural and anthropogenic pollution of the environment and remains a priority. The Federal Clean Water Project is aimed at improving the communal infrastructure in order to ensure chemical and microbiological safety of supplied water and to inform the public. Objective: To assess priority health risk factors for the population of Ufa associated with tap water quality within the implementation of the Federal Clean Water Project in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Materials and methods: We used data of the regional information fund of public health monitoring on eight street water pumps located in six administrative districts of the city for 2016–2018. The organoleptic risk associated with drinking water quality was assessed according to Method Recommendations MR 2.1.4.0032–11. Population health risk assessment was carried out in compliance with conditions and requirements of Guidelines R 2.1.10.1920–04. Results: We established that chemical and microbiological quality indices of drinking water in street water pumps in 2016–2018 were below the permissible limits for all samples. Both organoleptic and non-carcinogenic risk estimates were within the acceptable range. The carcinogenic risk for the population was less than a case. Yet, the presence of trihalomethanes and herbicides in tap water sampled in Olimpiyskaya Street posed unacceptable total carcinogenic health risk. Conclusion: The study results were used to develop recommendations for appropriate preventive measures aimed to reduce chemical exposure of the population of Ufa through drinking water.

Realizing Gedangan Village as an energy self-sufficient village through biogas-electric energy conversion

Gedangan village, a dairy farming center, has many biogas reactors that are used for cooking and lighting petromax lamps. Previous community service activities resulted in the construction of three Biogas Power Plants (PLT-Biogas) capable of producing 15 kW of power but which were not fully utilized. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) is the approach method used to actively involve the community in the program. To optimize the PLT-Biogas, the service team rearranges the equipment and replaces the UPS with an inverter and battery charger before constructing a street lighting electricity network that can be used by the entire community. The next step is to provide operational and maintenance training for the long-term use of PLT-Biogas. As a result, the initial stage of electrical energy is currently used for street lighting in two hamlets, as well as freezers and water pumps, with a potential savings of 2,775.6 kWh per year. By converting biogas energy to electricity, this community service activity can help to kickstart the realization of an energy self-sufficient village.

Analysis and Revision of Torque Formula for Hydro-viscous Clutch

Hydro-viscous clutch is a speed-regulating device for heavy fans and water pumps. It has important engineering significance in the fields of soft-start for rotating machinery. More and more attention has been paid to its torque and control characteristics. This paper is focused on the torque formula for hydro-viscous clutch (HVC), assuming that multi-friction plates distribute ununiformly with different oil film thickness. A mathematical model of friction plates was constructed, then the distribution formula of the oil film thickness was obtained. A new expression was presented using a modified factor. Parameters such as pressure, viscous torque, and oil film thickness were obtained. The results show that each clearance of friction plates is not the same and the distribution of oil film thickness is influenced by pressing force, groove depth, angular ratio of groove/non-groove, and static friction force. To verify the proposed expression, relevant experiments were carried out on an HVC with multi-friction plates, and the experimental results indicate that the new expression is more accurate compared to the original one.

Feasible location identification & potential assessment of micro-hydropower: Gilgel Beles River, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia

Ethiopia is endowed with huge natural resources especially water resources that is why Ethiopia is the water tower of East Africa. But having the capability of generating a huge amount of electricity Ethiopia is under an energy crisis especially the rural peoples of Ethiopia. To overcome this problem utilization of renewable sources of energy like wind, solar and hydro are the best options. Hence, the objective of this study is to assess and identify the micro hydropower potential of the Gilgel-Beles river which is located in the Amhara and Benishangul Gumuz regions of Ethiopia. For data preparation and analysis, Arc GIS, HEC-GEOHMS, and HOMER software were used. Typical energy demand categories (lighting, radio, television, injera Mitad, stove, water pumps, schools, churches, and health centers) for Alefa Kacha Village were considered. The result showed that there is 88% excess energy from Hp site8 to supply other villages in addition to Alefa Kacha. Based on the estimated total technical ROR hydro potential of Gilgel-Beles River 660.01Kw technical power and 5608.222MWh annual energy was determined. The amount of coal or wood that can be saved per year as a result of the energy produced by the potential Micro Hydropower of Gilgel-Beles River is also determined. Finally, 9 sites were identified and a ranking of hydropower sites has been done for decision-makers to make a reasonable decision as to which sites should be given the top priority for future micro hydropower development.