The heterologous expression of a Glycine max homolog of NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1) and α-hydroxynitrile glucosidase suppresses parasitism by the root pathogen Meloidogyne incognita in Gossypium hirsutum

Cell cultures of soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merrill ‘Acme’) were exposed to media containing 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) for 15 days. Picloram also was supplied once in droplets (water) to cotyledons of 10 to 13-day-old seedlings of cotton(Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Champion’). The amounts of picloram necessary to reach and exceed the 50% tolerance limit (TL50) of the cell cultures (inhibition) and of the primary leaf buds (toxicity) were established, and internal picloram concentrations then were determined. Internal concentrations at the TL50were 0.17 nM/g fresh weight and 14.7 nM/g fresh weight for cell cultures and leaf buds, respectively. These values are approximately 10−7and 10−5molar. In leaf buds, concentrations increased rapidly for 36 hr after treatment and declined slowly thereafter. Primary leaf buds accumulated up to several times the lethal internal concentration of picloram when the dosage to the cotyledons was increased by one order of magnitude.

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Spatial and temporal regulation of a soybean (Glycine max) lectin promoter in transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp01235 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 835 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Belinda J. Townsend ◽

Danny J. Llewellyn

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Embryo Development ◽

Promoter Activity ◽

Gene Promoter ◽

Transgenic Cotton ◽

Gus Activity ◽

Mature Seed ◽

Lectin Gene ◽

Lectin Promoter

The activity of a soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) lectin gene promoter was investigated in transgenic cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with the view to using this promoter for the seed-specific alteration of gossypol, a secondary metabolite in cotton that has adverse effects on the nutritional value of cottonseed products like oil and protein-rich meal. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation generated stable transformants containing a construct with the lectin promoter fused to the β-glucuronidase reporter gene (pLeGUS). Fluorometric GUS assays and northern hybridization detected strong promoter activity during embryo development. GUS activity in developing embryos was detected as early as 10 d post-anthesis (dpa), peaking late in embryo maturation. Enzyme activity persisted in imbibed mature seed, and negligible activity remained detectable in the roots and cotyledons of 7-d-old seedlings. No GUS activity was detected in leaves and squares of mature plants. GUS transcripts increased during embryo development to peak about 35 dpa, declining to a low level in imbibed mature seed. No transcripts were detected in roots, cotyledons, leaves or squares. Histochemical GUS activity staining indicated promoter activity in all cells of the cotyledons, including the flattened cells of the gossypol glands, the presumed site of synthesis of gossypol. This study concluded that the soybean lectin gene promoter is a useful tool for the seed-specific expression of transgenes in cotton.

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KERAPATAN GALUR HARAPAN KAPAS PADA SISTEM TUMPANGSARI DENGAN KEDELAI

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v9n1.2003.11-16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

PRIMA DIARINI RIAJAYA ◽

FITRININGDYAH TRI KADARWATI

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Key Words ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Cotton Yield ◽

Systems Research ◽

Crop Density ◽

Plot Design

Penelitian pengaturan kerapalan galur harapan kapas pada sistem tumpangsari dengan kedelai dilakukan di IPPTP Mojosari, Mojokerto, Jawa Timur pada lahan sawah sesudah padi dari bulan Mei sampai dengan Oktobcr 2000. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan kerapalan lanaman yang sesuai pada galur harapan kapas pada sistem tumpangsari dengan kedelai Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan petak tcrbagi dengan 4 varictas'galur (92016/6, 91001 29 2, 88003/16/2 dan Kanesia 7) sebagai pelak utama Anak petak terdiri atas 3 tata tanam yaitu (1) tala tanam 1(1); 3, yaitu I bans kapas (I tan 'lubang) dan 3 bais kedelai, (2) tata tanam 2 (1) 4 yaitu 2 baris kapas(l tan.'lubang) dan 4 baris kedelai, (3) tata tanam 1 (2)3 yaitu 1 baris (2 tan 'lubang dan 3 bais kedelai) Jarak lanam kapas dan kedelai pada (ala tanam 1(1) 3 adalah 150 x 20 cm dan 25 x 20 cm, pada tata tanam 2( I ):4 adalah 150 (60) cm x 30 cm dan 20 cm x 20 cm, dan tata tanam 1 (2) 3 adalah 150 cm x 30 cm dan 25 cm x 20 cm Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lata tanam yang sesuai pada galur varietas baru kapas adalah tata tanam 1(1)3 |1 baris kapas (1 tan lubang) dan tiga baris kedelai] Mengurangi jumlah lanaman kapas tiap lubang dari 2 menjadi I lanaman pada tata tanam 1 (2)3 (1 baris kapas (2 lan lubang) dan 3 bais kedelai) meningkatkan eisiensi fotosintcsis dai 59 x 10 menjadi 9.4 x 10"" mgC02.mgll20 sehingga produksi kapas meningkat dari 1 167 2 menjadi I 251 6 kgha, sedangkan produksi kedelai tidak berpengaruh yaitu rata-rata 846 kgha Apabila dialur dalam sistem 2:4 (2 baris kapas diantara 4 baris kedelai), maka eisiensi fotosintcsis hanya meningkat dari 5.9 x \0A menjadi 77 x 10 mg C02mg H20 sehingga produksi kapas hanya meningkat dari I 167 2 menjadi I 206 2 kgha Pada kedua sistem lanam tersebut produktivitas galur 8800316/2 (1 323.3 kgha) lidak berbeda dengan Kanesia 7 (I 365.2 kg/ha) dan nyata lebih tinggi daripada galur 920166 (1 096 9 kgha) maupun 91001.29/2 (1 048 0 kgha).Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum. kapas. Glycine Max, kedelai, kerapatan lanaman, tumpangsari, hasil ABSTRACTDensity of neyv cotton lines under intercropping system with soybeanThe ield trial on different crop densities for new cotton lines under intercropping system with soybean was conducted in Mojosari. East Java from May lo October 2000 on the rice ield ater harvest. The purpose of the study was to investigate die optimum population for new cotton lines under intercropping with soybean The field experiment was arranged in a Split Plot Design with three replications. Pour new cotton lines were allocated lo main plots 92016 6, 91001/29.2 (okra leal). 88003/16/2 and Kanesia 7 'Three crop arrangements were allocated to sub-plots: 1 (1 ):3 [1 cotton row (I plant/hole) in between 3 rows of soybean), 2(1 ):4 [ 2 coton rows (1 plant/hole) in between 4 rows of soybean, and 1(2):3 (1 cotton row (2 planlholc) in between 3 rows of soybean). Two replications for sole crops of cotton and soybean were included in this expeiment lo compare both cropping systems. Research showed that by keeping one cotton plant/hole under intercropping system wi(h soybean in arrangement of 1:3 11 conon row in between 3 rows of soybean), increased the photosynthetic efficiency from 5 9 x 10"* to 9.4 x 10"* mg C02/mg H20, causing cotton yield increased from 1167.2 to 1 251.6 kg/ha; however soybean yield did not differ between different propotions of cotton and soybean (846 kg/ha) Under arrangement of Iwo cotton rows * four rows of soybean, the photosynthetic efficiency increased from 5.9 x 10"1 to 7.7 x 10"* mg COj'mg HjO resulted in increased cotton yield from I 167.2 lo 1 206.2 kgha Ihe yield of line 88003/16 2 (1 323.3 kgha) did not differ with that on Kanesia 7 (I 365.2 kg/ha); both were higher than those on 92016/6 (1 096.9 kg/ha) and 91001 /29/2 (1 048.0 kgha).Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, kapas. Glycine Max, soybean, crop density, intercropping, yield

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Atividade inseticida de óleos essenciais e fixos sobre Callosobruchus maculatus (FABR., 1775) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) em grãos de caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) WALP.]

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542008000300003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 717-724 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Adriana Carla Ribeiro Lopes Pereira ◽

José Vargas de Oliveira ◽

Manoel Guedes Corrêa Gondim Junior ◽

Cláudio Augusto Gomes da Câmara

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽

Sesamum Indicum ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Caryocar Brasiliense ◽

Piper Aduncum

O caruncho, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.), é considerado a praga mais importante do caupi, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., armazenado em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Visando minimizar os efeitos indesejáveis dos inseticidas químicos sintéticos, o controle dessa praga com óleos de origem vegetal vem se constituindo numa alternativa promissora, de baixo custo e segura para os aplicadores e consumidores. Foram testados os óleos essenciais [(Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) J.F. Watson], Piper aduncum L., Piper hispidinervum C.DC., Melaleuca sp., Lippia gracillis Shauer) e fixos (Helianthus annuus L, Sesamum indicum L, Gossypium hirsutum L., Glycine max (L.) Merr. e Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), em grãos de caupi, cv. Sempre Verde. Os óleos foram utilizados nas concentrações 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50mL/20g, correspondendo a 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0 e 2,5 L/t e impregnados aos grãos no interior de recipientes de plástico, com auxílio de pipetador automático e agitados manualmente durante dois minutos. Parcelas de 20g de caupi foram infestadas com oito fêmeas de C. maculatus, com 0 a 48 h de idade. Cada óleo foi testado, separadamente, em delineamento inteiramente casualisado com seis repetições. Os óleos essenciais de C. martini, P. aduncum e L. gracillis causaram 100% de mortalidade em todas as concentrações, P. hispidinervum a partir de 1,5 L/t e Melaleuca sp. nas concentrações de 2,0 e 2,5 L/t. A redução do número de ovos viáveis e de insetos emergidos foi de 100% para todos os óleos essenciais, exceto Melaleuca sp. Por outro lado, os óleos fixos, apesar de apresentarem baixa mortalidade em todas as concentrações testadas, reduziram em praticamente 100% o número de ovos viáveis e de insetos emergidos.

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Growth Inhibition of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and Soybean (Glycine max) Roots and Shoots by Three Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500044131 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 336-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. S. Murray ◽

J. E. Street ◽

J. K. Soteres ◽

G. A. Buchanan

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Environmental Control ◽

Plant Response ◽

Control Chamber ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Environmental control chamber experiments showed that cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Stoneville 213′) and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Bragg’] root and shoot growth were reduced when treated with increasing rates of dinitramine (N4,N4-diethyl-α,α,α-tri-fluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine), profluralin [N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-α,αα-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-p-toluidine], and trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dintrio-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine). Viusal root ratings, dry root weights, and fresh and dry herbage weights were used to evaluate plant response to herbicide treatments in environmental chambers. The order of increasing GR50values for cotton on two soils and with all response measurements, except dry root weights on one soil, was trifluralin, dinitramine, and profluralin. The order of increasing GR50values for soybeans on two soils and with all response measurements was dinitramine, trifluralin, and profluralin.

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Response of Weedy and Commercial Okras (Abelmoschus esculentus) to Preemergence Herbicides

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500062354 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 213-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Dennis Elmore ◽

Jim E. Dale

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Comparative Susceptibility ◽

Herbicide Use ◽

Preemergence Herbicides

The comparative susceptibility of weedy okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.] and three commercial okra cultivars (′Dwarf Green Long Pod′, ‘Clemson Spineless', and ‘White Velvet′) to six preemergence herbicides was evaluated in the greenhouse. Okra can be controlled in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fields with appropriate preemergence herbicide use. Metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5 (4H)-one] completely controlled okra at 0.2 to 0.8 kg/ha. Fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] at 0.9 to 1.8 kg/ha and cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropionitrile} at 1.2 to 2.4 kg/ha controlled okra, but at the 0.6 kg/ha rate cyanazine did not control wild okra and fluometuron at 0.45 kg/ha did not completely control any cultivar. Norflurazon [4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3 (2H)-pyridazinone] bleached the cotyledons and young leaves of okra, but gave 50% or less control even at 2.4 kg/ha. Both the weedy and commercial okras were completely resistant to trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro -N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] but higher rates of these herbicides affected okra growth.

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Preemergence Herbicidal Activities of 3-Phenoxypyridazine Derivatives

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500035773 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 327-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tetsuo Takematsu ◽

Yasutomo Takeuchi ◽

Saburo Tamura

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Benzene Ring ◽

Herbicidal Activity ◽

Ortho Position ◽

Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽

Transplanted Rice ◽

Phaseolus Angularis ◽

Submerged Conditions

Preemergence herbicidal activities of 27 3-phenoxypyridazine derivatives were evaluated in pots under upland and submerged conditions. Each of the compounds containing an alkyl or halogen at the ortho position of the benzene ring showed marked herbicidal effects. The activity of some disubstituted compounds carrying one of the substituents at the ortho position was the next. Among the compounds tested, 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-, 3-(2,3-dimethylphenoxy)-, 3-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-, and 3-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-pyridazines exhibited an excellent margin of selectivity for tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), and Azuki bean (Phaseolus angularis Wight). For transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L. ‘Norin No. 29′) under submerged conditions, 3-(2-isopropylphenoxy)-and 3-(2-n-butylphenoxy)-pyridazines showed a remarkable margin of selectivity, though the herbicidal activity of both compounds was slightly inferior to that of 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-pyridazine.

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Effects of 2,4,5-T, Triclopyr, and 3,6-Dichloropicolinic Acid on Crop Seedlings

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500061920 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 256-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. W. Bovey ◽

R. E. Meyer

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Zea Mays ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Avena Sativa ◽

Grain Sorghum

Triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid}, 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], and 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid were applied to the foliage of juvenile crop plants at 0.002, 0.009, 0.03, 0.14, and 0.56 kg/ha. Corn (Zea maysL.), oat (Avena sativaL.), wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], and kleingrass (Panicum coloratumL.) were generally more tolerant to the herbicides than were peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.), and soybean (Glycine max[L.] Merr.). Triclopyr was usually more phytotoxic to corn, oat, grain sorghum, and kleingrass than either 2,4,5-T or 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid at 0.14 and 0.56 kg/ha, but few differences occurred among herbicides at lower rates. Kleingrass was not affected at any rate of 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid. Wheat tolerated most rates of all three herbicides. At 0.56 kg/ha, triclopyr and 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid caused greater injury to peanuts than did 2,4,5-T; whereas, 2,4,5-T and triclopyr were more damaging to cotton and cucumber than 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid. The three herbicides at 0.14 and 0.56 kg/ha killed soybeans. Soybean injury varied from none to severe at 0.002 to 0.03 kg/ha, depending upon species investigated, but many plants showed morphological symptoms typical of the auxin-type herbicides.

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A Microradioautographic Study of14C-Trifluralin Absorption

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500049158 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 363-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

R. H. Strang ◽

R. L. Rogers

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Mechanical Damage ◽

Nutrient Media ◽

Cortical Cells ◽

Limited Movement ◽

Soybean Roots ◽

Seedling Diseases

The technique of microradioautography was used to study the absorption and translocation ofa,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) by cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL., var. Coker 201) and soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr., var. Lee). Radioactivity from14C-trifluralin was retained primarily on the surfaces of the roots of cotton and soybean. This was apparently due to a tenacious adsorption or binding of the radioactivity to the epidermis and cuticle. Entrance of radioactivity into the roots of these species was greatly facilitated by breaks in the epidermis, such as might occur from seedling diseases or mechanical damage. Within the roots, radioactivity was noted in the walls of the xylem vessels and cortical cells. Little movement out of the soybean roots was observed, but limited movement of radioactivity into the leaves of cotton, apparently via the metaxylem, was noted. Radioactivity accumulated in the protoxylem of the cotton stem where many elements appeared to be plugged. Results of this study indicate that care should be used in interpreting data from studies where loss of radioactivity from nutrient media is used as a criterion of herbicide absorption, and where gross radio autography is used as an indicator of herbicide translocation.

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