scholarly journals KERAPATAN GALUR HARAPAN KAPAS PADA SISTEM TUMPANGSARI DENGAN KEDELAI

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
PRIMA DIARINI RIAJAYA ◽  
FITRININGDYAH TRI KADARWATI
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Plot Design

<p>Penelitian pengaturan kerapalan galur harapan kapas pada sistem tumpangsari dengan kedelai dilakukan di IPPTP Mojosari, Mojokerto, Jawa Timur pada lahan sawah sesudah padi dari bulan Mei sampai dengan Oktobcr 2000. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan kerapalan lanaman yang sesuai pada galur harapan kapas pada sistem tumpangsari dengan kedelai Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan petak tcrbagi dengan 4 varictas'galur (92016/6, 91001 29 2, 88003/16/2 dan Kanesia 7) sebagai pelak utama Anak petak terdiri atas 3 tata tanam yaitu (1) tala tanam 1(1); 3, yaitu I bans kapas (I tan 'lubang) dan 3 bais kedelai, (2) tata tanam 2 (1) 4 yaitu 2 baris kapas(l tan.'lubang) dan 4 baris kedelai, (3) tata tanam 1 (2)3 yaitu 1 baris (2 tan 'lubang dan 3 bais kedelai) Jarak lanam kapas dan kedelai pada (ala tanam 1(1) 3 adalah 150 x 20 cm dan 25 x 20 cm, pada tata tanam 2( I ):4 adalah 150 (60) cm x 30 cm dan 20 cm x 20 cm, dan tata tanam 1 (2) 3 adalah 150 cm x 30 cm dan 25 cm x 20 cm Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lata tanam yang sesuai pada galur varietas baru kapas adalah tata tanam 1(1)3 |1 baris kapas (1 tan lubang) dan tiga baris kedelai] Mengurangi jumlah lanaman kapas tiap lubang dari 2 menjadi I lanaman pada tata tanam 1 (2)3 (1 baris kapas (2 lan lubang) dan 3 bais kedelai) meningkatkan eisiensi fotosintcsis dai 59 x 10 menjadi 9.4 x 10"" mgC02.mgll20 sehingga produksi kapas meningkat dari 1 167 2 menjadi I 251 6 kgha, sedangkan produksi kedelai tidak berpengaruh yaitu rata-rata 846 kgha Apabila dialur dalam sistem 2:4 (2 baris kapas diantara 4 baris kedelai), maka eisiensi fotosintcsis hanya meningkat dari 5.9 x \0A menjadi 77 x 10 mg C02mg H20 sehingga produksi kapas hanya meningkat dari I 167 2 menjadi I 206 2 kgha Pada kedua sistem lanam tersebut produktivitas galur 8800316/2 (1 323.3 kgha) lidak berbeda dengan Kanesia 7 (I 365.2 kg/ha) dan nyata lebih tinggi daripada galur 920166 (1 096 9 kgha) maupun 91001.29/2 (1 048 0 kgha).</p><p>Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum. kapas. Glycine Max, kedelai, kerapatan lanaman, tumpangsari, hasil</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Density of neyv cotton lines under intercropping system with soybean</strong></p><p>The ield trial on different crop densities for new cotton lines under intercropping system with soybean was conducted in Mojosari. East Java from May lo October 2000 on the rice ield ater harvest. The purpose of the study was to investigate die optimum population for new cotton lines under intercropping with soybean The field experiment was arranged in a Split Plot Design with three replications. Pour new cotton lines were allocated lo main plots 92016 6, 91001/29.2 (okra leal). 88003/16/2 and Kanesia 7 'Three crop arrangements were allocated to sub-plots: 1 (1 ):3 [1 cotton row (I plant/hole) in between 3 rows of soybean), 2(1 ):4 [ 2 coton rows (1 plant/hole) in between 4 rows of soybean, and 1(2):3 (1 cotton row (2 planlholc) in between 3 rows of soybean). Two replications for sole crops of cotton and soybean were included in this expeiment lo compare both cropping systems. Research showed that by keeping one cotton plant/hole under intercropping system wi(h soybean in arrangement of 1:3 11 conon row in between 3 rows of soybean), increased the photosynthetic efficiency from 5 9 x 10"* to 9.4 x 10"* mg C02/mg H20, causing cotton yield increased from 1167.2 to 1 251.6 kg/ha; however soybean yield did not differ between different propotions of cotton and soybean (846 kg/ha) Under arrangement of Iwo cotton rows * four rows of soybean, the photosynthetic efficiency increased from 5.9 x 10"1 to 7.7 x 10"* mg COj'mg HjO resulted in increased cotton yield from I 167.2 lo 1 206.2 kgha Ihe yield of line 88003/16 2 (1 323.3 kgha) did not differ with that on Kanesia 7 (I 365.2 kg/ha); both were higher than those on 92016/6 (1 096.9 kg/ha) and 91001 /29/2 (1 048.0 kgha).</p><p>Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, kapas. Glycine Max, soybean, crop density, intercropping, yield</p>

scholarly journals PENGARUH KERAPATAN TANAM GALUR HARAPAN KAPAS TERHADAP SISTEM TUMPANGSARI DENGAN JAGUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
PRIMA DIARINI RIAJAYA ◽  
FITRININGDYAH FITRININGDYAH ◽  
TRI KADARWATI
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Plot Design

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Pengaturan kerapatan tanam pada galur harapan kapas perlu<br />dilakukan agar penggunaan sumberdaya lebih efisien dan tidak<br />mengganggu tanaman palawija yang ditumpangsarikan. Pengaturan<br />tanaman dilakukan sedemikian rupa untuk memberikan ruang tumbuh<br />yang lebih baik terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman.<br />Penelitian kerapatan tanam galur harapan kapas pada sistem tumpangsari<br />dengan jagung dilakukan di lahan petani di Desa Pendem, Kecamatan<br />Ngaringan, Kabupaten Grobogan, Jawa Tengah pada lahan kering/tadah<br />hujan dari bulan Desember 2002 hingga Mei 2003. Tujuan penelitian<br />untuk mendapatkan kerapatan tanam yang sesuai pada galur harapan kapas<br />pada sistem tumpangsari dengan jagung. Percobaan disusun dalam<br />rancangan petak terbagi dengan varietas sebagai petak utama dan<br />kerapatan tanaman sebagai anak petak yang diulang 3 kali dan 2 ulangan<br />monokultur kapas dan jagung. Sebagai petak utama adalah 3 varietas/galur<br />kapas: 88003/16/2, 92016/6, dan Kanesia 7; dan anak petak terdiri dari<br />tiga kerapatan tanam : 2 : 2 (2 baris kapas dan 2 baris jagung); 2 : 3 (2<br />baris kapas dan 3 baris jagung); dan 3 : 2 (3 baris kapas dan 2 baris<br />jagung). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan tanam yang<br />sesuai pada galur/varietas harapan kapas adalah kerapatan tanam 3 : 2 (3<br />baris kapas dan dua baris jagung) dengan produksi kapas 1.563,9 kg/ha<br />dan jagung 3.840,7 kg/ha. Pada kerapatan tanam tersebut, populasi kapas<br />adalah 32.566 tanaman/ha (81% dari populasi monokultur) dan jagung<br />38.000 tanaman/ha (72% dari monokultur). Produktivitas kapas galur<br />92016/6 mencapai 1.583,9 kg/ha dan nyata lebih tinggi dibanding galur<br />88003/16/2 dan Kanesia 7 pada berbagai kerapatan tanam.<br />Kata kunci :  Gossypium  hirsutum,  Zeamays,  kerapatan  tanaman,<br />tumpangsari</p><p><br />ABSTRACT<br />Arrangement of crop densities for new cotton lines under<br />intercropping system with maize<br />The arrangement of crop densities for cotton new varieties/lines is<br />needed to improve the use of natural resources under intercropping system<br />with maize. The field trial on different crop densities for new cotton lines<br />under intercropping system with maize was conducted in Grobogan,<br />Central Java in rainy season 2002/2003. The purpose of the study was to<br />investigate the optimum population for new cotton lines under<br />intercropping with maize. The field experiment was arranged in a Split<br />Plot Design with three replications. Three new cotton lines/varieties were<br />allocated to main plots: 88003/16/2, 92016/6, and Kanesia 7. Three crop<br />arrangements were allocated to sub-plots: 2 : 2 [2 cotton rows and 2 rows<br />of maize]; 2 : 3 [ 2 cotton rows and 3 rows of maize] and 3:2 [ 3 cotton<br />rows and 2 rows of maize]. Results showed that the crop arrangement for<br />cotton and maize under intercropping system is 3 cotton rows and 2 rows<br />of maize, with cotton yield 1,563.9 kg/ha and maize 3,840.7 kg/ha. Cotton<br />yield of 92016/6 is higher than those of 88003/16/2 and Kanesia 7 under<br />the all crop arrangement tested.<br />Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, Zea mays, crop density, intercropping</p>

Yield, product quality and energy use in organic vegetable living mulch cropping systems: research evidence and farmers’ perception

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Canali ◽  
L. Ortolani ◽  
G. Campanelli ◽  
M. Robačer ◽  
P. von Fragstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThe effects of living mulch (LM) introduction and management strategies on cash crop yield, product quality and energy use were studied in a wide range of European vegetable cropping systems, climatic and soil conditions, as well as species of LM grown as agro-ecological service crops. Nine field experiments were carried out in research stations and commercial farms located in Denmark, Germany, Italy and Slovenia. Farmers’ perception of the feasibility and applicability of the LM technique was also assessed.The results demonstrated that the LM systems with a substitutive design can be effectively implemented in vegetable production if the value of the ecological services (positive externalities) delivered by LM can counterbalance the yield loss due to the cash crop density reduction. The crop density of the system and the length of the period in which the LM and cash crop coexist are oppositely related both for competition and yield. Moreover, if an additive design is used, the LM should be sown several weeks after the cash crop planting. Overall, different cash crop genotypes (i.e., open pollinated/local cultivars in comparison with the hybrids) performed similarly. Use of human labor (HL) and fossil fuel (FF) energy slightly increased in LM systems (7%), and there was a shift in the proportion of FF and human energy consumption. The farmers’ acceptance of the LM techniques was quite high (75% of the interviewed sample), even though their critical considerations about yield quality and quantity need consideration in future research and practical implementation of LM systems.

scholarly journals Locally Available Organic Waste for Counteracting Strawberry Decline in a Mountain Specialized Cropping Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3964
Author(s):  
Sebastian Soppelsa ◽  
Luisa Maria Manici ◽  
Francesco Caputo ◽  
Massimo Zago ◽  
Markus Kelderer
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Anaerobic Digestate ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects

Crop decline caused by soil borne fungal pathogens affects specialized cropping systems such as fruit trees and strawberry. A study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of pre-plant application of waste-derived biomasses in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) to reduce that phenomenon. A field experiment was carried out in an alpine strawberry specialized valley in South Tyrol (Italy), in a long term cultivated field selected for yield reduction over recent years. In July 2018, one month before strawberry transplanting, a field experiment with four soil treatments was set up: anaerobic digestate (solid fraction) of liquid manure, compost from anaerobic digestate of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), untreated control and Dazomet as chemical control. Plants were grown for two cycles (2019 and 2020). Dazomet always gave a significant (over 50%) increase in marketable yield per plant in both the years, anaerobic digestates did not improve strawberry production; compost from OFMSW gave phytotoxic effects in the first year, but improved strawberry yield like Dazomet in the second. Changes of rhizosphere bacterial populations and difference in root pathogen abundance, especially that of Dactylonectria torresensis, were correlated to the crop response to treatments. Findings suggest that waste-derived biomasses are a promising eco-friendly option for counteracting strawberry yield decline. Their positive impact was mostly linked to functional improvements induced by microbial variations. However, the use of such organic amendment requires careful evaluation of composition, doses and above all application times to reduce phytotoxic effects that in some cases can occur in the first months after application.

Fluridone and Encapsulated Acetochlor Reduce Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitor Use in a Glufosinate-Based Palmer Amaranth Management Program for Cotton

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 838-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis R. Braswell ◽  
Charles W. Cahoon ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Richard W. Seagroves
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Increasing Risk

Flumioxazin and fomesafen are commonly used to control glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth in cotton and other crops, thus increasing risk to select for Palmer amaranth biotypes resistant to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors. A field experiment was conducted to determine the potential for fluridone and acetochlor to substitute for soil-applied PPO inhibitors in a Palmer amaranth management system with glufosinate applied twice POST and diuron plus MSMA POST-directed in conservation tillage cotton. Fluridone and flumioxazin applied preplant 23 to 34 d prior to planting were similarly effective. Fluridone and acetochlor plus diuron applied PRE controlled Palmer amaranth as well as fomesafen plus diuron PRE. All systems with preplant and PRE herbicides followed by glufosinate POST and diuron plus MSMA layby controlled Palmer amaranth well. Cotton yield did not differ among herbicide treatments. This research demonstrates that fluridone and acetochlor can substitute for soil-applied PPO-inhibiting herbicides in management systems for Palmer amaranth.

DH3604 soybean

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elroy R. Cober ◽  
Harvey D. Voldeng ◽  
Judith A. Frégeau-Reid ◽  
Ronald J. D. Guillemette
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Heat Unit ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Cultivar Description

DH3604 is a 2700 crop heat unit soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar developed for natto soyfood production. Key words: Soybean, cultivar description, natto

AC Albatros soybean

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-152
Author(s):  
H. D. Voldeng ◽  
R. J. D. Guillemette ◽  
D. A. Leonard ◽  
E. R. Cober
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Good Yield ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Heat Unit ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Cultivar Description

AC Albatros is a 2500 crop heat unit soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar with good yield potential. Key words: Soybean, cultivar description

Herbicidal Concentrations of Picloram in Cell Culture and Leaf Buds

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Davis ◽  
A. Villarreal ◽  
J. R. Baur ◽  
I. S. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Tolerance Limit ◽  
Primary Leaf ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Internal Concentration ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Cell cultures of soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merrill ‘Acme’) were exposed to media containing 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) for 15 days. Picloram also was supplied once in droplets (water) to cotyledons of 10 to 13-day-old seedlings of cotton(Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Champion’). The amounts of picloram necessary to reach and exceed the 50% tolerance limit (TL50) of the cell cultures (inhibition) and of the primary leaf buds (toxicity) were established, and internal picloram concentrations then were determined. Internal concentrations at the TL50were 0.17 nM/g fresh weight and 14.7 nM/g fresh weight for cell cultures and leaf buds, respectively. These values are approximately 10−7and 10−5molar. In leaf buds, concentrations increased rapidly for 36 hr after treatment and declined slowly thereafter. Primary leaf buds accumulated up to several times the lethal internal concentration of picloram when the dosage to the cotyledons was increased by one order of magnitude.

Spatial and temporal regulation of a soybean (Glycine max) lectin promoter in transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda J. Townsend ◽  
Danny J. Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Transgenic Cotton ◽  
Gus Activity ◽  
Mature Seed ◽  
Lectin Gene ◽  
Lectin Promoter

The activity of a soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) lectin gene promoter was investigated in transgenic cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with the view to using this promoter for the seed-specific alteration of gossypol, a secondary metabolite in cotton that has adverse effects on the nutritional value of cottonseed products like oil and protein-rich meal. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation generated stable transformants containing a construct with the lectin promoter fused to the β-glucuronidase reporter gene (pLeGUS). Fluorometric GUS assays and northern hybridization detected strong promoter activity during embryo development. GUS activity in developing embryos was detected as early as 10 d post-anthesis (dpa), peaking late in embryo maturation. Enzyme activity persisted in imbibed mature seed, and negligible activity remained detectable in the roots and cotyledons of 7-d-old seedlings. No GUS activity was detected in leaves and squares of mature plants. GUS transcripts increased during embryo development to peak about 35 dpa, declining to a low level in imbibed mature seed. No transcripts were detected in roots, cotyledons, leaves or squares. Histochemical GUS activity staining indicated promoter activity in all cells of the cotyledons, including the flattened cells of the gossypol glands, the presumed site of synthesis of gossypol. This study concluded that the soybean lectin gene promoter is a useful tool for the seed-specific expression of transgenes in cotton.

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