In vivo impact assessment of orally administered polystyrene nanoplastics: biodistribution, toxicity, and inflammatory response in mice

A comparative study was undertaken of the pathogenesis of infection of the allantoic sac of the chick embryo with three influenza viruses of differing virulence, and of the influence of hydrocortisone on the course of infection. Judged on the basis of earlier onset and greater degree of inflammatory response and diminished survival time of infected embryos, Mel. and Lee viruses were markedly more virulent than PR8, despite the earlier appearance of virus in PR8-infected embryos. Interferon appeared first and in greater quantity in the allantoic fluid of Lee-infected embryos and latest with PR8 infection. Thus, there was no correlation of avirulence and better interferon production with the viruses under study in the present system. Furthermore, evidence obtained suggested that Lee virus ("virulent") was most susceptible to interferon action, and also that viral synthesis in the chorioallantoic membrane with PR8 ("avirulent") persisted after the appearance of interferon. The injection of hydrocortisone within 2 hr of the initiation of infection delayed the synthesis of all three viruses; had no significant effect upon the inflammatory response; and transiently inhibited the synthesis of interferon, while prolonging the survival of Lee- and Mel.-infected embryos. Late administration of hydrocortisone suppresses both the inflammatory response and the production of interferon. Only in the case of Lee virus infection did hydrocortisone administration lead to augmentation of final yields of virus with the low infection multiplicity employed in the present experiments. It is postulated that Lee virus is a better inducer of interferon because its infectivity in vivo is more rapidly inactivated. As a consequence synthesis of Lee virus is more under the control of endogenous interferon than is the case with PR8 or Mel. virus. Therefore, inhibition of interferon synthesis with hydrocortisone has a greater influence on final yields of Lee virus.

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Adipocyte death triggers a pro-inflammatory response and induces metabolic activation of resident macrophages

Cell Death and Disease ◽

10.1038/s41419-021-03872-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Andreas Lindhorst ◽

Nora Raulien ◽

Peter Wieghofer ◽

Jens Eilers ◽

Fabio M. V. Rossi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Metabolic Activation ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Critical Threshold ◽

Low Grade ◽

Blood Monocytes ◽

Threshold Size ◽

Laser Injury ◽

Reporter Mice

AbstractA chronic low-grade inflammation within adipose tissue (AT) seems to be the link between obesity and some of its associated diseases. One hallmark of this AT inflammation is the accumulation of AT macrophages (ATMs) around dead or dying adipocytes, forming so-called crown-like structures (CLS). To investigate the dynamics of CLS and their direct impact on the activation state of ATMs, we established a laser injury model to deplete individual adipocytes in living AT from double reporter mice (GFP-labeled ATMs and tdTomato-labeled adipocytes). Hence, we were able to detect early ATM-adipocyte interactions by live imaging and to determine a precise timeline for CLS formation after adipocyte death. Further, our data indicate metabolic activation and increased lipid metabolism in ATMs upon forming CLS. Most importantly, adipocyte death, even in lean animals under homeostatic conditions, leads to a locally confined inflammation, which is in sharp contrast to other tissues. We identified cell size as cause for the described pro-inflammatory response, as the size of adipocytes is above a critical threshold size for efferocytosis, a process for anti-inflammatory removal of dead cells during tissue homeostasis. Finally, experiments on parabiotic mice verified that adipocyte death leads to a pro-inflammatory response of resident ATMs in vivo, without significant recruitment of blood monocytes. Our data indicate that adipocyte death triggers a unique degradation process and locally induces a metabolically activated ATM phenotype that is globally observed with obesity.

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Effect of in vivo phenol or hydroquinone exposure on events related to neutrophil delivery during an inflammatory response

Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.tox.2005.12.008 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 220 (2-3) ◽

pp. 126-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

S.M.D. Macedo ◽

E.L.B. Lourenço ◽

P. Borelli ◽

R.A. Fock ◽

J.M. Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response

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215 Ecto-ATPase expression modulates the in vivo rat glioma inflammatory response and promotes tumor growth

Cytokine ◽

10.1016/j.cyto.2008.07.278 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 290

Author(s):

Elizandra Braganhol ◽

Fernanda B. Morrone ◽

Andressa Bernardi ◽

Màrcia R. Wink ◽

Daiane Huppes

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Tumor Growth ◽

Rat Glioma

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Small intestinal motor and inflammatory response to in vivo localized mast cell degranulatiqn by compound 48/80

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/0016-5085(94)90272-0 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 107 (4) ◽

pp. 1219

Author(s):

S. Graf ◽

S.K. Sarna ◽

J. Fink

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Small Intestinal

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In situ forming chitosan hydrogels: Preliminary evaluation of the in vivo inflammatory response

Materials Science and Engineering C ◽

10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.050 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 75 ◽

pp. 279-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Maria José Moura ◽

João Brochado ◽

Maria Helena Gil ◽

Maria Margarida Figueiredo

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

In Situ Forming ◽

Chitosan Hydrogels

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A brief overview on role of graphene based material in therapeutic management of inflammatory response signalling cascades

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW ◽

10.52756/ijerr.2020.v21.004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 25-36

Author(s):

Ruchira Das ◽

◽

Priyanka Sow ◽

Sudatta Dey ◽

Asmita Samadder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Graphene Quantum Dots ◽

Biological Response ◽

Vital Role ◽

Therapeutic Management ◽

In Vivo Models

Graphene is a novel, sp2 carbon atoms bonded, two-dimensional nano-material. Due to their favorable electronic, thermal, optical, and mechanical property, graphene and its derivatives, like graphene oxide (GO) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are used in widespread applications. The outstanding potentials of these compounds in the field of nanoelectronics, composite materials, sensors, energy technology etc helped in the rapid development in their functionalization, modulatory effects on various systems of our body. GQDs has been suggested as a new nanomaterial with improved biocompatibility, biodegradability, water solubility and considerably low cytotoxic effects in in vivo models, and are applicable for altering immune responses based on quantum confinement and edge effect properties. The review particularly elucidates the mechanistic approach by which graphene and/ or its derivatives and/ or their nano-compound aid in therapeutic management against myriads of immunological perspectives. GQDs have unique physiochemical properties with carbon sheets showcases out-standing biological response against immunological interventions by altering the activities of t-cell lymphocytes. On the contrary GO plays a vital role in eliciting inflammatory signaling factors by controlling proinflammation and an anti-inflammatory response. Therefore, this review shall help the readers to have an overview of the biomedical application of graphene and its derivatives to design target specific drugs to regulate the immune response based prognosis andcure.

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