Stigma, discrimination and HIV outcomes among people living with HIV in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: The intersection of multiple social inequalities

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna Kerrigan ◽  
Andrea Vazzano ◽  
Neilane Bertoni ◽  
Monica Malta ◽  
Francisco Inacio Bastos
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Health-related quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS: the role of social inequalities and disease-related factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikadu Tadesse Nigusso ◽  
Azwihangwisi Helen Mavhandu-Mudzusi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) serves as a direct measure of individuals’ health, life expectancy and the impact that the utilisation of health care has on quality of life. The purpose of this study is to assess the HRQoL of people living with HIV and AIDS, and to ascertain its association with the social inequalities and clinical determinants among people living with HIV in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2016 and February 2017; 390 people at two referral hospitals and three health centres participated in the study. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health Scale (PROMIS Global 10) was used to measure key HRQoL domains. Physical Health Summary (PHS) and Mental Health Summary (MHS) scores were employed. PHS and MHS scores below 50 (the standardised mean score) were determined to be poor and above 50 to be good. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with PHS and MHS scores.Results: This study included 259 (66.4%) females and 131 (33.6%) males. The PHS scores ranged from 16.2 to 67.7 with a mean of 48.8 (SD = 8.9). Almost 44.6% of the study population has a PHS score of below 50; the MHS scores ranged from 28.4 to 67.6 with a mean of 50.8 (SD = 8.1). About 41.8% of the study population has an MHS score of below 50. Unemployment, household food insecurity and comorbidities with HIV were associated with both poor PHS and poor MHS scores. The demographic factors associated with poor PHS scores were being a member of the Oromo ethnic group and having non-Christian religious affiliations; while age of below 25 years were inversely associated with poor PHS. The least wealth index score was also associated with a poor MHS score.Conclusion: Overall, socioeconomic inequalities and HIV-related clinical factors play an important role in improving the HRQoL of PLWHA. Many of these determinants are alterable risk factors. Appropriate strategies can improve the holistic management of chronic HIV care and maximise PLWHAs’ HRQoL. Such strategies require the adoption of comprehensive interventions, including policies and programmes that would improve the health, wellbeing and livelihood of PLWHAs.

scholarly journals Health-related quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS: the role of social inequalities and disease-related factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikadu Tadesse Nigusso ◽  
Azwihangwisi Helen Mavhandu-Mudzusi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) serves as a direct measure of individuals’ health, life expectancy and the impact that the utilization of health care has on quality of life. The purpose of this study is to assess the HRQoL of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), and to ascertain its association with the social inequalities and clinical determinants among people living with HIV in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2016 and February 2017; 390 people at two referral hospitals and three health centers participated in the study. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health Scale (PROMIS Global 10) was used to measure key HRQoL domains. Physical Health Summary (PHS) and Mental Health Summary (MHS) scores were employed. PHS and MHS scores below 50 (the standardized mean score) were determined to be poor and above 50 to be good. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with PHS and MHS scores. Results: This study included 259 (66.4%) females and 131 (33.6%) males. The PHS scores ranged from 16.2 to 67.7 with a mean of 48.8 (SD = 8.9). Almost 44.6% of the study population has a PHS score of below 50; the MHS scores ranged from 28.4 to 67.6 with a mean of 50.8 (SD = 8.1). About 41.8% of the study population has an MHS score of below 50. Unemployment, household food insecurity and comorbidities with HIV were associated with both poor PHS and poor MHS scores. Age below 25 years and being a member of Christian fellowship were inversely associated with poor PHS. The least wealth index score and CD4 count below 350 cells/mL were also associated with poor MHS. Conclusion: Overall, socioeconomic inequalities and HIV-related clinical factors play an important role in improving the HRQoL of PLWHA. Many of these determinants are alterable risk factors. Appropriate strategies can improve the holistic management of chronic HIV care and maximize PLWHAs’ HRQoL. Such strategies require the adoption of comprehensive interventions, including policies and programmes that would improve the health, wellbeing and livelihood of PLWHA.

scholarly journals The search for social validation and the sexual behavior of people living with HIV in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Understanding the role of treatment optimism in context

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2386-2396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna Kerrigan ◽  
Francisco I. Bastos ◽  
Monica Malta ◽  
Claudia Carneiro-da-Cunha ◽  
J.H. Pilotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Social Validation ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Health-related quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS: the role of social inequalities and disease-related factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikadu Tadesse Nigusso ◽  
Azwihangwisi Helen Mavhandu-Mudzusi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) serves as a direct measure of individuals’ health, life expectancy and the impact that the utilization of health care has on quality of life. The purpose of this study is to assess the HRQoL of people living with HIV (PLHIV), and to ascertain its association with the social inequalities and clinical determinants among people living with HIV in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2016 and February 2017; 390 people at two referral hospitals and three health centers participated in the study. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health Scale (PROMIS Global 10) was used to measure key HRQoL domains. Global Physical Health (GPH) and Global Mental Health (GPH) summary scores were employed. GPH and GMH summary scores below 50 (the standardized mean score) were determined as poor HRQoL. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with GPH and GMH summary scores. Results This study included 259 (66.4%) females and 131 (33.6%) males. The GPH summary scores ranged from 16.2 to 67.7 with a mean of 48.8 (SD = 8.9). Almost 44.6% of the study population has a GPH summary score of below 50; the GMH summary scores ranged from 28.4 to 67.6 with a mean of 50.8 (SD = 8.1). About 41.8% of the study population has a GMH summary score of below 50. Unemployment, household food insecurity and comorbidities with HIV were associated with both poor GPH and poor GMH summary scores. Age below 25 years and being a member of Christian fellowship were inversely associated with poor GPH. The least wealth index score and CD4 count below 350 cells/mL were also associated with poor GMH. Conclusion Overall, socioeconomic inequalities and HIV-related clinical factors play an important role in improving the HRQoL of PLHIV. Many of these determinants are alterable risk factors. Appropriate strategies can improve the holistic management of chronic HIV care and maximize PLHIVs’ HRQoL. Such strategies require the adoption of comprehensive interventions, including policies and programmes that would improve the health, wellbeing and livelihood of PLHIV.

scholarly journals A autoproteção contra o HIV para profissionais de enfermagem: estudo de representações sociais [The self-protection against HIV for nursing professionals: study of social representations] [La autoprotección contra el VIH para profesionales de enfermería: estudio de las representaciones sociales]

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. e34277
Author(s):  
Thelma Spindola ◽  
Renato Martins de Oliveira Braga ◽  
Sergio Correa Marques ◽  
Glaucia Alexandre Formozo ◽  
Hellen Pollyanna Mantelo Cecilio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objetivo: analisar a autoproteção profissional e pessoal na rede de representações sociais do HIV/AIDS, na perspectiva dos profissionais de enfermagem. Método: estudo qualitativo pautado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, em sua abordagem processual. Participaram 36 profissionais de enfermagem atuantes em programas de HIV/AIDS no Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: os conteúdos das representações se organizaram em cinco categorias reveladoras das facetas psicossociais da autoproteção: Medidas de proteção no cuidado à pessoa vivendo com HIV; O conhecimento e o medo de exposição ao HIV determinando a autoproteção pessoal e profissional; Comportamento sexual e uso de preservativo: facetas da autoproteção contra o HIV; A educação em saúde e a capacitação profissional como estratégias de autoproteção pessoal e profissional; O cuidado à pessoa vivendo com HIV mediando a autoproteção profissional. Conclusão:para adoção da autoproteção no cotidiano laboral e de vida pessoal dos profissionais é preciso que se percebam vulneráveis e integrem os conhecimentos apreendidos com as representações constituídas.ABSTRACTObjective: to examine the professional and personal self-protection in the network of HIV/AIDS’s social representations from the perspective of nursing professionals. Method: qualitative study based on the theory of social representations in its processual approach. Participants were 36 nursing professionals working in HIV/AIDS programs in Rio de Janeiro. Results: the contents of the representations were organized into five categories revealing the psychosocial aspects of self-protection: Protective measures in caring for people living with HIV; Knowledge and fear of exposure to HIV determining personal and professional self-protection; Sexual behavior and condom use: aspects of self-protection against HIV; Health education and professional training as strategies for personal and professional self-protection; The care for people living with HIV mediating professional self-protection. Conclusion: for adopting self-protection in the professionals’ daily work and personal life, it is necessary to perceive themselves as vulnerable and to integrate the knowledge learned with the constituted representations.RESUMENObjetivo: analizar la autoprotección profesional y personal en la red de representaciones sociales del VIH / SIDA, en la perspectiva de los profesionales de enfermería. Método: estudio cualitativo basado en la Teoría de Representaciones Sociales en su enfoque procesal. Participaron 36 profesionales de enfermería actuantes en el programa de VIH/SIDA en Río de Janeiro. Resultados: los contenidos de las representaciones se organizaron en cinco categorías reveladoras de las facetas psicosociales de la autoprotección: Medidas de protección en el cuidado a la persona viviendo con VIH; El conocimiento y el miedo a la exposición al VIH determinando la autoprotección personal y profesional; Comportamiento sexual y uso de preservativo: facetas de la autoprotección personal contra el VIH; La educación en salud y la capacitación profesional como estrategias de autoprotección personal y profesional; El cuidado a la persona que vive con el VIH mediando la autoprotección profesional. Conclusión: para la adopción de la autoprotección en el cotidiano laboral y de vida personal de los profesionales es preciso que se perciban vulnerables e integren los conocimientos incautados con las representaciones constituidas.

scholarly journals Adherence to antiretroviral therapy: a qualitative study with physicians from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1424-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Malta ◽  
Maya L. Petersen ◽  
Scott Clair ◽  
Fernando Freitas ◽  
Francisco I. Bastos
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Hiv Aids

Brazil provides free antiretroviral (ARV) therapy to some 150,000 individuals living with HIV/ AIDS). ARV regimens require optimal adherence to achieve undetectable viral loads and to avoid viral resistance. Physicians play a key role to foster ARV adherence, but until now little is known about the communication between physicians/ people living with HIV/AIDS in this setting. In-depth interviews were conducted with 40 physicians treating people living with HIV/AIDS at six public reference centers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Interview topics included: experiences in the treatment of people living with HIV/AIDS, relationship and dialogue with patients, barriers/facilitators to adherence, and effectiveness of available services. Barriers to ARV adherence were mainly related to the low quality of patient-provider relationship. Other barriers were related to "chaotic" patients' lifestyles, and inadequate knowledge and/or negative beliefs about HIV/AIDS and ARV effectiveness. It is necessary to improve networking between services, establish agile referral systems, and improve health professionals' integration. These structural changes could contribute to improved adherence, resulting in improved quality of life for people living with HIV/AIDS.

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