Effects of impregnation and heat treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ville Lahtela ◽  
Timo Kärki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties

scholarly journals Selected physical and mechanical properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood from stands of younger age classes as criteria for rational utilization of timber

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Marcin Pikiński ◽  
Jaroslav Szaban ◽  
Gerda Šilingienė ◽  
Robert Korzeniewicz ◽  
Witold Pazdrowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Quality Coefficient

The aim of this study was to assess the quality of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood depending on the age of trees, forest site conditions and social class of tree position in the stand. Analyses were based on the determination of specific density and static bending strength, as well as the strength quality coefficient. It was to determine changes in physical and mechanical properties of timber depending on tree age as well as growth conditions reflected in the forest site such as fresh mixed coniferous forests and fresh mixed broadleaved forests. Experimental plots were established in 6 localities with 30, 40 and 60-year-old trees. In each of the stands, a 1-hectare experimental plot was established. Based on the measured DBH and tree height, dimensions of three mean sample trees were calculated, while the classification of social class of tree position in the stand developed by Kraft (1884) was also applied. Analyses were conducted on wood samples with 12% moisture content. Strength tests on wood samples were performed on an Instron 33RH204 universal strength testing machine. A detailed analysis showed properties of pine wood are improved with an increase of tree age in both forest sites. Statistically significant differences were observed for wood density and static bending strength. More advantageous properties were observed for wood of pines from the less fertile forest site, i.e., fresh mixed coniferous forests. Density and static bending strength were markedly determined by tree age and growth conditions. The static bending strength quality coefficient from pines growing in the fresh mixed coniferous forests increased between 30 and 40 years, similarly as it was for the fresh mixed broadleaved forests, while between 40 and 60 years, it deteriorated for the fresh mixed coniferous forests. Wood density from the fresh mixed coniferous forests was by 3% to 7% greater than pines growing in fresh mixed broadleaved forests. In turn, static bending strength of wood from pines growing in fresh mixed coniferous forests was by 4% to 10% greater than trees from the fresh mixed broadleaved forests.  Keywords: Scots pine, wood properties, forest site, Poland

scholarly journals Influence of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Veneers Quality on Selected Properties of Layered Composite for Flooring Materials

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Izabela Burawska-Kupniewska ◽  
Paweł Mycka ◽  
Piotr Beer
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Deformation Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Class A

The article concerns the quality issues in wood industry, and especially the advisability of removing defects from veneers. The research purpose of the study was to analyse the influence of the layered structure of plywood base layer made of low-quality wood on selected mechanical properties of floor composites. The utilitarian purpose is to analyse the possibility of producing floors from low-quality materials reducing waste. Four quality classes of Scots pine veneers (Pinus sylvestris L.) were taken into account: A, B, C, D, from the highest class-A without defects to the lowest class-D characterized by a lot of knots (including broken and falling out ones) and cracks. The base layer of the floors was made of these wood quality classes. The value of the modulus of elasticity in elastic deformation, modulus of elasticity in the dynamic and fatigue tests, stiffness and static bending strength were investigated. The test results showed that, as expected, the samples made of class A had the highest values of the measured parameters (static bending strength, static and dynamic modulus of elasticity, and stiffness). However, the values of the tested parameters for the remaining classes B, C, and D did not significantly differ. It was concluded from the research that the change of the plywood base layer conditions regarding the quality of veneers does not significantly affect the physical and mechanical properties of composites. Hence, it is possible to use wood of lower quality classes for production without verification of which class they belong to, which will significantly reduce the production costs.

scholarly journals Vertical variability of selected macrostructural properties of juvenile wood organization in trunks of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Tomczak ◽  
Witold Pozdrowski ◽  
Tomasz Jelonek ◽  
Ireneusz Stypuła
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Wood Tissue

The study makes an attempt to analyse the width of annual rings, the width of the latewood zone and the proportion of the latewood within juvenile wood along trunks of Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em> L.) trees and to verify the hypothesis about the heterogeneous properties of juvenile wood in a single trunk. It was found that the above-mentioned macrostructural elements of wood structure showed a curvilinear correlation with the height of measurement points along the tree trunk. As the distance from the base of trunk increased, the width of the annual ring and the width of the latewood zone decreased, while the proportion of the latewood increased. These types of changes can affect positively physical and mechanical properties of wood tissue. It can be assumed that there is a mechanism which modifies properties of juvenile wood causing axial diversification of the analysed type of wood tissue. It is probable that axial heterogeneity results in advantageous changes in the mechanics of the tree trunk.

Heat treatememt effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of precipitation hardening elinvar alloy

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
G.V. Shlyakhova ◽  
◽  
A.V. Bochkareva ◽  
M.V. Nadezhkin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Alloy Structure ◽  
Treatment Mode ◽  
Elinvar Alloy

This study presents experimental results of structural analysis, such as phase composition, grains size assessment, strength and hardness of Ni-SPAN-C alloy 902 after various heat treatment modes (hardening and aging for stress relaxation). A thermal treatment mode has been selected to obtain higher physical and mechanical properties of the elinvar alloy. It is shown that the improvement of the alloy structure in thermal treatment occurs due to the thermic stresses, as well as the formation and dissolution of intermetallides.

Recovery, Recrystallization, and Grain-Growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Iqra Zubair Awan Iqra Zubair Awan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
State Physics ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Solid State Physics ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Thermally Activated

This is a brief review of the important phenomena of recovery, recrystallization as well as grain-growth. The three mentioned phenomena are the mechanisms by which metals and alloys fix the structural damage introduced by the mechanical deformation and, as a consequence, in the physical and mechanical properties. These rehabilitation mechanisms are thermally activated. For this process, the materials have to be heated and any such heat-treatment is meant to reduce deformation-induced break is termed annealing. Other or different heat-treatments lead to recovery and recrystallization. It is rather strange that, though these phenomena are extremely important in metallurgical science and engineering, not so much work has been done as that in corrosion and shape memory technologies. An attempt has been made here to summarize all important aspects of these phenomena for the benefits of students of metallurgy, chemistry and solid state physics.

Effect of thermomechanical densification of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) on cutting forces and roughness during milling

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Barbara Białowąs ◽  
Karol Szymanowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Roughness Index ◽  
Modified Wood

Effect of thermomechanical densification of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) on cutting forces and roughness during milling. The paper presents the results of research concerning the assessment of machinability of pine wood thermomechanically compacted. The assessment was made on the basis of the cutting forces and surface roughness after the milling process. Selected properties of native and modified wood were examined. Based on the research, it was found that compacted wood is characterized by higher cutting forces during milling. The surface quality after milling was examined and the roughness index Ra values were determined. The research shows that the modified wood is characterized by a lower Ra value both along and across the grain. Statistical analysis showed that the modification had a statistically significant effect on the values of cutting forces and the physical and mechanical properties of the tested wood.

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