Identifying victimisation profiles in people with psychosis and a history of childhood trauma: a latent class analysis

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the major cause of mortality in the world with a significant impact on the younger population. The aim of this study was to identify prematurity among patients with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) based on the clustering of CHD risk factors.Methods: Patients were recruited from an existing cohort of candidates for CABG surgery named Tehran Heart Center Coronary Outcome Measurement (THC-COM). A latent class analysis (LCA) model was formed using 11 potential risk factors as binary variables: cigarette smoking, obesity, diabetes, family history of CHD, alcohol use, opium addiction, hypertension, history of stroke, history of myocardial infarction (MI), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and hyperlipidemia (HLP). We analyzed our data to figure out how the patients are going to be clustered based on their risk factors.Results: For 566 patients who were studied, the mean age (SD) and BMI of patients were 59.1 (8.9) and 27.3 (4.1), respectively. The LCA model fit with two latent classes was statistically significant (G2 = 824.87, df = 21, p < 0.0001). The mean (SD) age of patients for Class I and Class II was 55.66 (8.55) and 60.87 (8.66), respectively. Class I (premature) was characterized by a high probability of smoking, alcohol consumption, opium addiction, and a history of MI (P < 0.05), and class II by a high probability of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.Conclusion: Latent class analysis calculated two groups of severe CHD with distinct risk markers. The younger group, which is characterized by smoking, addiction, and the history of MI, can be regarded as representative of premature CHD.

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Latent Class Analysis of Exposure to Childhood Trauma and Health Risks among Justice-Involved Youth: An Approach towards Gender Differences

10.9734/bpi/nfmmr/v12/12366d ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 77-99

Author(s):

Richard Dembo ◽

Julie M. Krupa ◽

Jennifer Wareham ◽

Jessica Wolff ◽

Ralph J. DiClemente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Childhood Trauma ◽

Health Risks ◽

Latent Class ◽

Class Analysis

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Schizotypal traits in adolescents: Links to family history of psychosis and psychological distress

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.04.002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 247-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

M. Cella ◽

M. Serra ◽

A. Lai ◽

O.J. Mason ◽

D. Sisti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Family History ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Positive Association ◽

Total Sample ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Item Endorsement ◽

History Of

AbstractObjectiveStudies in the general population report that unusual subjective experiences are relatively common. Such experiences have been conceptualized either as extreme personality traits or as vulnerability markers for psychosis, and often grouped under the expression “schizotypal experiences”. This study investigates the heterogeneity of schizotypal traits using factor and latent class analysis.MethodsOne thousand and thirty-two adolescents were recruited for this study. Schizotypal experiences were assessed with the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE); psychological distress was assessed with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Confirmatory Factorial Analysis (CFA) and Latent Class Analysis (LCA) were performed on the O-LIFE and on the association with the GHQ and demographic variables.ResultsCFA replicated the original 4-factor structure of the O-LIFE. Three latent classes (LC) of schizotypal features were identified: participants in LC1 (26% of the total sample) showed minimal level of item endorsement; LC2 accounted for 52% of the sample and showed overall higher item endorsement compared to LC1, especially for disorganization and positive signs of schizotypy, but not for negative affective items. LC3 (22%) showed an overall higher level of item endorsement across schizotypal dimensions, and positive association with psychological distress and family history of psychosis.DiscussionDifferent latent class of schizotypal features can be empirically defined in adolescent community samples. The most extreme class is defined not only by a profile of higher positive replies to the items, but also by anhedonia, high psychological distress, and family history of psychosis. These findings can inform prevention research in schizophrenia.

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Differentiating Individuals Convicted of Sexual Offenses: A Two-Country Latent Class Analysis

Sexual Abuse ◽

10.1177/1079063219893370 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 423-451

Author(s):

Pascalle Spaan ◽

Arjan Blokland ◽

Rembert De Blander ◽

Luc Robert ◽

Eric Maes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Sexual Offending ◽

Criminal Career ◽

Sexual Offense ◽

Latent Classes ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Sexual Offenses ◽

Criminal Histories ◽

History Of

Sexual offenses are often part of a larger criminal career also encompassing nonsexual crimes. However, most sexual offending typologies focus on an individual’s most recent sexual offense. We compare data from Belgian and Dutch national conviction cohorts and use latent class analysis to distinguish groups of individuals based on their history of sexual and nonsexual offenses, considering continuity and variety. The resulting classification is compared between individuals convicted of sexual offenses and individuals convicted of nonsexual offenses. Results show that four latent classes can be distinguished based on continuity and variety in criminal histories of individuals convicted of sexual offenses, and that some of these classes resemble those distinguished among individuals convicted of nonsexual offenses. We find limited overlap between these latent classes and typologies based solely on the index offense. Results show marked similarities across countries. These results challenge theories of sexual offending to incorporate patterns of nonsexual offending.

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Heterogeneity of cycloid psychoses: a latent class analysis

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291799002135 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 721-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

RAMIN MOJTABAI

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Affective Disorders ◽

Latent Class ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Relative Paucity ◽

Cycloid Psychoses ◽

Affective Symptoms ◽

History Of ◽

Nosological Entity

Background. Three hypotheses have been proposed in regard to the origin of cycloid psychoses: (1) they are an independent nosological entity; (2) they are atypical cases of affective disorders; and (3) they are a heterogeneous group of disorders. This study examined the heterogeneity hypothesis by attempting to delineate distinct affective and non-affective subgroups.Methods. In 60 cases drawn from a classic study of cycloid psychoses by Perris (1974), latent class analysis was used to delineate subgroups.Results. Two classes were identified in the analysis: one characterized by the convergence of affective symptoms and family history of affective disorders and the other by the relative paucity of such features.Conclusions. Cycloid psychoses are composed of at least two subgroups, distinguishable on the basis of symptoms and family history.

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Psychosocial stratification of antenatal indicators to guide population-based programs in perinatal depression

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03722-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

John Eastwood ◽

Andy Wang ◽

Sarah Khanlari ◽

Alicia Montgomery ◽

Jean Yee Hwa Yang

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Population Based ◽

Primary Language ◽

Language Group ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Migrant Women ◽

History Of ◽

Psychosocial Adversity ◽

Sydney Australia

Abstract Background There is increasing awareness that perinatal psychosocial adversity experienced by mothers, children, and their families, may influence health and well-being across the life course. To maximise the impact of population-based interventions for optimising perinatal wellbeing, health services can utilise empirical methods to identify subgroups at highest risk of poor outcomes relative to the overall population. Methods This study sought to identify sub-groups using latent class analysis within a population of mothers in Sydney, Australia, based on their differing experience of self-reported indicators of psychosocial adversity. This study sought to identify sub-groups using latent class analysis within a population of mothers in Sydney, Australia, based on their differing experience of self-reported indicators of psychosocial adversity. Subgroup differences in antenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Results Latent class analysis identified four distinct subgroups within the cohort, who were distinguished empirically on the basis of their native language, current smoking status, previous involvement with Family-and-Community Services (FaCS), history of child abuse, presence of a supportive partner, and a history of intimate partner psychological violence. One group consisted of socially supported ‘local’ women who speak English as their primary language (Group L), another of socially supported ‘migrant’ women who speak a language other than English as their primary language (Group M), another of socially stressed ‘local’ women who speak English as their primary language (Group Ls), and socially stressed ‘migrant’ women who speak a language other than English as their primary language (Group Ms.). Compared to local and not socially stressed residents (L group), the odds of antenatal depression were nearly three times higher for the socially stressed groups (Ls OR: 2.87 95%CI 2.10–3.94) and nearly nine times more in the Ms. group (Ms OR: 8.78, 95%CI 5.13–15.03). Antenatal symptoms of depression were also higher in the not socially stressed migrant group (M OR: 1.70 95%CI 1.47–1.97) compared to non-migrants. In the postnatal period, Group M was 1.5 times more likely, while the Ms. group was over five times more likely to experience suboptimal mental health compared to Group L (OR 1.50, 95%CI 1.22–1.84; and OR 5.28, 95%CI 2.63–10.63, for M and Ms. respectively). Conclusions The application of empirical subgrouping analysis permits an informed approach to targeted interventions and resource allocation for optimising perinatal maternal wellbeing.

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Psychosocial Stratification of Antenatal Indicators to Guide Population-Based Programs in Perinatal Depression

10.21203/rs.3.rs-97766/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

John Eastwood ◽

Andy Wang ◽

Sarah Khanlari ◽

Alicia Montgomery ◽

Jean Yee Hwa Yang

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Population Based ◽

Primary Language ◽

Language Group ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Migrant Women ◽

History Of ◽

Psychosocial Adversity

Abstract Background: There is increasing awareness that perinatal psychosocial adversity experienced by mothers, children, and their families, may influence health and well-being across the life course. To maximise the impact of population-based interventions for optimising perinatal wellbeing, health services can utilise empirical methods to identify subgroups at highest risk of poor outcomes relative to the overall population. Methods: This study sought to identify sub-groups using latent class analysis within a population of mothers in Sydney, Australia, based on their differing experience of self-reported indicators of psychosocial adversity. Subgroups differences in antenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms were then assessed, as measured by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores recorded at antenatal booking and early postnatal assessments, respectively.Results: Latent class analysis identified four distinct subgroups within the cohort, who were distinguished empirically on the basis of their native language, current smoking status, previous involvement with Family-and-Community Services (FaCS), history of child abuse, presence of a supportive partner, and a history of intimate partner psychological violence. One group consisted of socially supported ‘local’ women who speak English as their primary language (Group L), another of socially supported ‘migrant’ women who speak a language other than English as their primary language (Group M), another of socially stressed ‘local’ women who speak English as their primary language (Group Ls), and socially stressed ‘migrant’ women who speak a language other than English as their primary language (Group Ms). Compared to local and not socially stressed residents (L group), the odds of antenatal depression were nearly three times higher for the socially stressed groups (Ls OR: 2.87 95%CI 2.10-3.94) and nearly nine times more in the Ms group (Ms OR: 8.78, 95%CI 5.13-15.03). Antenatal symptoms of depression were also higher in the not socially stressed migrant group (M OR: 1.70 95%CI 1.47-1.97) compared to non-migrants. In the postnatal period, Group M was 1.5 times more likely, while Ms group was over five times more likely, to experience suboptimal mental health compared to Group L (OR 1.50, 95%CI 1.22-1.84; and OR 5.28, 95%CI 2.63-10.63, for M and Ms respectively). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that it is possible to stratify pregnant women into subpopulations using their demographic and psychosocial characteristics, to identify those at greatest risk of suboptimal mental health in the antenatal and postnatal periods. The application of empirical subgrouping analysis permits an informed approach to targeted resource allocation for optimising perinatal maternal wellbeing.

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East Side Story: Disaggregating Gang Homicides in East Los Angeles

Social Sciences ◽

10.3390/socsci10020048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Matthew Valasik ◽

Shannon E. Reid

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Community Policing ◽

Latent Class ◽

Police Department ◽

Street Gangs ◽

Class Analysis ◽

East Side ◽

East Los Angeles ◽

History Of

This research extends the homicide literature by using latent class analysis methods to examine the neighborhood structural and demographic characteristics of different categories of homicides in the Hollenbeck Community Policing Area of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD). The Hollenbeck area itself is a 15 square-mile region with approximately 187,000 residents, the majority of whom are Latino (84 percent). Hollenbeck also has a protracted history of intergenerational Latinx gangs with local neighborhood residents viewing them as a fundamental social problem. Hollenbeck has over 30 active street gangs, each claiming a geographically defined territory, many of which have remained stable during the study period. Over twenty years (1990–2012) of homicide data collected from Hollenbeck’s Homicide Division are utilized to create an empirically rigorous typology of homicide incidents and to test whether or not gang homicides are sufficiently distinct in nature to be a unique category in the latent class analysis.

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Four subtypes of childhood allergic rhinitis identified by latent class analysis

10.22541/au.161518359.93052043/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S. Tolga Yavuz ◽

Ceyda Oksel Karakus ◽

Adnan Custovic ◽

Ömer Kalaycı

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Family History ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Allergic Sensitization ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Data Set ◽

Class 1 ◽

History Of

Background: Childhood allergic rhinitis (AR) is clinically highly heterogeneous. We aimed to identify distinct subgroups amongst children with AR, and to ascertain their association with patterns of symptoms, allergic sensitization and concomitant physician-diagnosed asthma. Methods: We recruited 510 children with physician-diagnosed AR, of whom 205 (40%) had asthma. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify latent structure within the data set using 17 variables (allergic conjunctivitis, eczema, asthma, family history of asthma, family history of allergic rhinitis, skin sensitization to 8 common allergens, tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy). Results: A four−class solution was selected as the optimal model based on statistical fit. We labeled AR latent classes as: (1) AR with grass mono-sensitization and conjunctivitis (n=361, 70.8%); (2) AR with house dust mite sensitization and asthma (n=75, 14.7%); (3) AR with pet and grass polysensitization and conjunctivitis (n=35, 6.9%) and (4) AR among children with tonsils and adenoids removed (n=39, 7.6%). Perennial AR was significantly more common among children in Class 2 (OR 5.83, 95%CI 3.42−9.94, p<0.001) and Class 3 (OR 2.88, 95%CI 1.36−6.13, p=0.006). Mild and intermittent AR symptoms were significantly more common in children in Class 3 compared to those in Class 1. AR was more severe in Class 1, compared to other 3 classes, indicating that upper respiratory symptoms are more severe among children with isolated seasonal rhinitis, than in those with rhinitis and coexisting asthma. Conclusion: We have identified 4 phenotypes in school-age children with AR, which were associated with different patterns of clinical symptoms and comorbidities.

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