Schizotypal traits in adolescents: Links to family history of psychosis and psychological distress

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cella ◽  
M. Serra ◽  
A. Lai ◽  
O.J. Mason ◽  
D. Sisti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Family History ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Item Endorsement ◽  
History Of

AbstractObjectiveStudies in the general population report that unusual subjective experiences are relatively common. Such experiences have been conceptualized either as extreme personality traits or as vulnerability markers for psychosis, and often grouped under the expression “schizotypal experiences”. This study investigates the heterogeneity of schizotypal traits using factor and latent class analysis.MethodsOne thousand and thirty-two adolescents were recruited for this study. Schizotypal experiences were assessed with the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE); psychological distress was assessed with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Confirmatory Factorial Analysis (CFA) and Latent Class Analysis (LCA) were performed on the O-LIFE and on the association with the GHQ and demographic variables.ResultsCFA replicated the original 4-factor structure of the O-LIFE. Three latent classes (LC) of schizotypal features were identified: participants in LC1 (26% of the total sample) showed minimal level of item endorsement; LC2 accounted for 52% of the sample and showed overall higher item endorsement compared to LC1, especially for disorganization and positive signs of schizotypy, but not for negative affective items. LC3 (22%) showed an overall higher level of item endorsement across schizotypal dimensions, and positive association with psychological distress and family history of psychosis.DiscussionDifferent latent class of schizotypal features can be empirically defined in adolescent community samples. The most extreme class is defined not only by a profile of higher positive replies to the items, but also by anhedonia, high psychological distress, and family history of psychosis. These findings can inform prevention research in schizophrenia.

Heterogeneity of cycloid psychoses: a latent class analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMIN MOJTABAI
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
Cycloid Psychoses ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nosological Entity

Background. Three hypotheses have been proposed in regard to the origin of cycloid psychoses: (1) they are an independent nosological entity; (2) they are atypical cases of affective disorders; and (3) they are a heterogeneous group of disorders. This study examined the heterogeneity hypothesis by attempting to delineate distinct affective and non-affective subgroups.Methods. In 60 cases drawn from a classic study of cycloid psychoses by Perris (1974), latent class analysis was used to delineate subgroups.Results. Two classes were identified in the analysis: one characterized by the convergence of affective symptoms and family history of affective disorders and the other by the relative paucity of such features.Conclusions. Cycloid psychoses are composed of at least two subgroups, distinguishable on the basis of symptoms and family history.

scholarly journals Four subtypes of childhood allergic rhinitis identified by latent class analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tolga Yavuz ◽  
Ceyda Oksel Karakus ◽  
Adnan Custovic ◽  
Ömer Kalaycı
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
History Of

Background: Childhood allergic rhinitis (AR) is clinically highly heterogeneous. We aimed to identify distinct subgroups amongst children with AR, and to ascertain their association with patterns of symptoms, allergic sensitization and concomitant physician-diagnosed asthma. Methods: We recruited 510 children with physician-diagnosed AR, of whom 205 (40%) had asthma. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify latent structure within the data set using 17 variables (allergic conjunctivitis, eczema, asthma, family history of asthma, family history of allergic rhinitis, skin sensitization to 8 common allergens, tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy). Results: A four−class solution was selected as the optimal model based on statistical fit. We labeled AR latent classes as: (1) AR with grass mono-sensitization and conjunctivitis (n=361, 70.8%); (2) AR with house dust mite sensitization and asthma (n=75, 14.7%); (3) AR with pet and grass polysensitization and conjunctivitis (n=35, 6.9%) and (4) AR among children with tonsils and adenoids removed (n=39, 7.6%). Perennial AR was significantly more common among children in Class 2 (OR 5.83, 95%CI 3.42−9.94, p<0.001) and Class 3 (OR 2.88, 95%CI 1.36−6.13, p=0.006). Mild and intermittent AR symptoms were significantly more common in children in Class 3 compared to those in Class 1. AR was more severe in Class 1, compared to other 3 classes, indicating that upper respiratory symptoms are more severe among children with isolated seasonal rhinitis, than in those with rhinitis and coexisting asthma. Conclusion: We have identified 4 phenotypes in school-age children with AR, which were associated with different patterns of clinical symptoms and comorbidities.

Association between dietary patterns and risk of breast cancer in Chinese female population: a latent class analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Shang Cao ◽  
Shurong Lu ◽  
Jinyi Zhou ◽  
Zheng Zhu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Soy Foods

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine if specific dietary patterns are associated with breast cancer risk in Chinese women. Design: Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify generic dietary patterns based on daily food-frequency data. Setting: The Chinese Wuxi Exposure and Breast Cancer Study (2013-2014). Participants: A population-based case-control study (695 cases, 804 controls). Results: Four dietary patterns were identified, Prudent, Chinese traditional, Western, and Picky, the proportion in the controls and cases were 0.30/0.32/0.16/0.23 and 0.29/0.26/0.11/0.33, respectively. Women in Picky class were characterized by higher extreme probabilities of non-consumption on specific foods, the highest probabilities of consumption of pickled foods, and the lowest probabilities of consumption of cereals, soy foods, and nuts. Compared with Prudent class, Picky class was associated with a higher risk (OR=1.42, 95%CI=1.06, 1.90), while the relevant association was only in post- (OR=1.44, 95%CI=1.01, 2.05) but not premenopausal women. The Western class characterized by high-protein, -fat, and -sugar foods, the Chinese traditional class characterized by typical consumption of soy foods and white meat over red meat, both of them showed no difference in BC risk compared with Prudent class did. Conclusions: LCA capture the heterogeneity of individuals embedded in the population, could be a useful approach in the study of dietary pattern and disease. Our results indicated that the Picky class might have a positive association with the risk of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Clusters of the Risk Markers and the Pattern of Premature Coronary Heart Disease: An Application of the Latent Class Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Jahangiry ◽  
Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi ◽  
Mahdi Najafi ◽  
Parvin Sarbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Opium Addiction ◽  
The Mean

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the major cause of mortality in the world with a significant impact on the younger population. The aim of this study was to identify prematurity among patients with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) based on the clustering of CHD risk factors.Methods: Patients were recruited from an existing cohort of candidates for CABG surgery named Tehran Heart Center Coronary Outcome Measurement (THC-COM). A latent class analysis (LCA) model was formed using 11 potential risk factors as binary variables: cigarette smoking, obesity, diabetes, family history of CHD, alcohol use, opium addiction, hypertension, history of stroke, history of myocardial infarction (MI), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and hyperlipidemia (HLP). We analyzed our data to figure out how the patients are going to be clustered based on their risk factors.Results: For 566 patients who were studied, the mean age (SD) and BMI of patients were 59.1 (8.9) and 27.3 (4.1), respectively. The LCA model fit with two latent classes was statistically significant (G2 = 824.87, df = 21, p &lt; 0.0001). The mean (SD) age of patients for Class I and Class II was 55.66 (8.55) and 60.87 (8.66), respectively. Class I (premature) was characterized by a high probability of smoking, alcohol consumption, opium addiction, and a history of MI (P &lt; 0.05), and class II by a high probability of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.Conclusion: Latent class analysis calculated two groups of severe CHD with distinct risk markers. The younger group, which is characterized by smoking, addiction, and the history of MI, can be regarded as representative of premature CHD.

scholarly journals Psychological distress among victimized women on probation and parole: A latent class analysis.

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seana Golder ◽  
Malitta Engstrom ◽  
Martin T. Hall ◽  
George E. Higgins ◽  
T. K. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Probation And Parole

scholarly journals Profiles of Psychological Flexibility: A Latent Class Analysis of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Tyndall ◽  
Daniel Waldeck ◽  
Luca Pancani ◽  
Robert Whelan ◽  
Bryan Roche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Commitment Therapy ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Therapy Model ◽  
Core Construct

There exists uncertainty for clinicians over how the separate subcomponent processes of psychological flexibility, a core construct of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy model, interact and influence distress experienced. The present study ( N = 567) employed latent class analysis to (a) identify potential classes (i.e., subgroups) of psychological flexibility based on responses on measures of key subcomponent process and (b) examine whether such classes could reliably differentiate levels of self-reported psychological distress and positive and negative emotionality. We found three distinct classes: (a) High Psychological Flexibility, (b) Moderate Psychological Flexibility, and (c) Low Psychological Flexibility. Those in the Low Psychology Flexibility class reported highest levels of psychological distress, whereas those in the High Psychological Flexibility class reported lowest levels of psychological distress. This study provides a clearer view to clinicians of the profile of the broader spectrum of the psychological flexibility model to facilitate change in clients.

scholarly journals Using Latent Class Analysis to Identify Health Lifestyle Profiles and Their Association with Suicidality among Adolescents in Benin

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8602
Author(s):  
Fanny Hoogstoel ◽  
Lucresse Corine Fassinou ◽  
Sékou Samadoulougou ◽  
Céline Mahieu ◽  
Yves Coppieters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Health Lifestyle ◽  
Increased Risk

Youth suicidality is considerably prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, including Benin. Factors such as psychosocial distress, socio-environmental factors, and health risk behaviors are associated with suicidality. However, little is known about how these factors co-occur in these countries. An analysis of these factors taken together would help to identify the profiles most at risk and better target prevention policies. Our study aimed to identify profiles related to these factors and their association with suicidality among adolescents in Benin. Data from the 2016 Global School-Based Student Health Survey were used, and factors related to lifestyle (tobacco and alcohol consumption and physical activity), physical violence, parental support, and psychological distress were studied. Latent class analysis was used to identify the profiles, and a modified Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, was performed to assess the association between these profiles and suicidality. The survey results show that globally, 13.8% of the adolescents (n = 2536) aged 11 to 18 had thought about suicide, 15.6% had planned suicide, and 15.6% had attempted suicide. Four profiles were identified: a low-risk group, one with psychological distress problems, a group with violence problems, and one with alcohol, tobacco, and violence problems. The risk of suicidality, in terms of ideation, planning, or attempting, was higher for adolescents in Profiles 2, 3, and 4 than those in Profile 1 (p < 0.05). Adolescents in Profile 2 were particularly affected by this increased risk (prevalence ratio (PR) for ideation = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.03–1.23; PR for planning = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.04–1.22; PR for attempting = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01–1.17). This study highlights the typical profiles that may be linked with suicidality among adolescents in Benin. A holistic consideration of these factors could help in planning better preventive measures to reduce suicidality among adolescents in Benin.

Differentiating Individuals Convicted of Sexual Offenses: A Two-Country Latent Class Analysis

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-451
Author(s):  
Pascalle Spaan ◽  
Arjan Blokland ◽  
Rembert De Blander ◽  
Luc Robert ◽  
Eric Maes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Criminal Career ◽  
Sexual Offense ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
Criminal Histories ◽  
History Of

Sexual offenses are often part of a larger criminal career also encompassing nonsexual crimes. However, most sexual offending typologies focus on an individual’s most recent sexual offense. We compare data from Belgian and Dutch national conviction cohorts and use latent class analysis to distinguish groups of individuals based on their history of sexual and nonsexual offenses, considering continuity and variety. The resulting classification is compared between individuals convicted of sexual offenses and individuals convicted of nonsexual offenses. Results show that four latent classes can be distinguished based on continuity and variety in criminal histories of individuals convicted of sexual offenses, and that some of these classes resemble those distinguished among individuals convicted of nonsexual offenses. We find limited overlap between these latent classes and typologies based solely on the index offense. Results show marked similarities across countries. These results challenge theories of sexual offending to incorporate patterns of nonsexual offending.

scholarly journals Latent Class Analysis of Multiple Health Risk Behaviors among Australian University Students and Associations with Psychological Distress

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda J. Hutchesson ◽  
Mitch J. Duncan ◽  
Stina Oftedal ◽  
Lee M. Ashton ◽  
Christopher Oldmeadow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
University Students ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Class Analysis

University students have high rates of health risk behaviors and psychological distress. This study explores patterns of health behaviors among a sample of Australian university students, and determines whether patterns of health behaviors are associated with psychological distress and demographic characteristics. Cross-sectional data from the University of Newcastle Student Healthy Lifestyle Survey 2019 were analyzed. Fruit and vegetable intake, sugar-sweetened beverage intake, physical activity, sitting time, smoking, alcohol intake, drug use, sleep and psychological distress were assessed. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of health risk behaviors, and latent class regression to explore associations between psychological distress and demographic characteristics with health behavior classes. Analysis included 1965 students (mean age 25.8 ± 8.6 years, 70.7% female). Three patterns of health behaviors were identified: healthier (48.6%), moderate (40.2%) and unhealthy (11.2%) lifestyle classes. Students in the moderate and unhealthy lifestyle classes had higher odds of moderate (OR 1.43 and 2.37) and high/very high psychological distress risk (OR 2.71 and 11.69). Students in the unhealthy and moderate lifestyle classes had a higher odds of being male, younger, enrolled in transition to university and English language courses, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent and to report some financial difficulty. Study findings may be used to inform the design of mental health interventions for university students that target key health risk behaviors.

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