scholarly journals Association of high viral load and abnormal liver function with high aflatoxin B1–albumin adduct levels in HIV-positive Ghanaians: preliminary observations

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1224-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Jolly ◽  
F.M. Shuaib ◽  
Y. Jiang ◽  
P. Preko ◽  
J. Baidoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Abnormal Liver Function ◽  
Hiv Positive

scholarly journals A study on cervical cytopathology in HIV positive pregnant women in Southern part of Assam, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3490
Author(s):  
Arun Paul Choudhury ◽  
Tanaya Acharyya
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background: The association between abnormal cervical cytology and HIV infection status in pregnant women was evaluated to correlate with CD4 cell count, viral load and ART compliance in HIV positive pregnant patients with the presence of ASC-US, LSIL and HSIL.Methods: Cervical samples were collected at the Antenatal Clinic of Silchar Medical College and Hospital. An Ayre’s spatula was used to collect samples from the ectocervix and a cytology brush to collect samples from the endocervix.Results: Of a total of 75 antenatal attendees, 43 were HIV positive and 32 were HIV negative. Abnormal cytology (N=26, 60.46%) was more common in HIV positive group compared to the HIV negative group (N=7, 21.87%) with a p value of <0.05. Cytological abnormalities were found to be associated with immunosuppression, defined as CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 and was also associated with high viral load(>10,000/mm3) and poor treatment follow up with ART.Conclusions: HIV positive pregnant women are more likely to have cervical lesions as compared to the HIV negative. This higher frequency of abnormal findings in PAP cytology in HIV positive pregnant women with higher viral loads suggest association between preinvasive cervical lesions and human immune deficiency.

scholarly journals Association between high aflatoxin B1 levels and high viral load in HIV-positive people

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Jolly ◽  
S. Inusah ◽  
B. Lu ◽  
W.O. Ellis ◽  
A. Nyarko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Viral Loads

Since both aflatoxin and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cause immune suppression, chronic exposure to aflatoxin in HIV-positive people could lead to higher levels of virus replication. This study was conducted to examine the association between aflatoxin B1 albumin adduct (AF-ALB) levels and HIV viral load. Antiretroviral naive HIV-positive people (314) with median CD4 count of 574 cells/μl blood (mean ± standard deviation = 630±277) were recruited in Kumasi, Ghana. Sociodemographic and health data, and blood samples were collected from participants. The plasma samples were tested for AF-ALB and HIV viral load. Univariate logistic regression analysis was conducted using viral load (high/low) as the outcome and AF-ALB quartiles as exposure. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed between quartile AF-ALB, viral load and CD4 adjusting for sex, age, and year of HIV diagnosis. Both univariate and multivariable logistic regression showed that viral load increased as AF-ALB levels increased. By univariate analysis, high viral load was 2.3 times more likely among persons in the third AF-ALB quartile (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 4.51), and 2.9 times more likely among persons in the fourth AF-ALB quartile (CI: 1.41, 5.88), compared to persons in the first quartile. In the multivariable model, persons in the fourth AF-ALB quartile were about 2.6 times more likely to have high viral loads than persons in the first quartile (CI: 1.19-5.69). When AF-ALB and viral load were log transformed and linear regression analysis conducted, the univariate linear regression analysis showed that for each pg/mg increase in AF-ALB, viral load increased by approximately 1.6 copies/ml (P=0.0006). The association was marginally significant in the adjusted linear regression model (i.e. for each pg/mg increase in AF-ALB, the mean viral load increased by approximately 1.3 copies/ml, P=0.073). These data show strong and consistent increases in HIV viral load with increasing AF-ALB levels. Since the median and mean CD4 were greater than 500 cells for participants in each AF-ALB quartile, the results indicate that the immune modulating and virus transcription effects of aflatoxin may occur quite early in HIV infection, even while the CD4 count is still above 500, resulting in higher viral loads.

scholarly journals Subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in patients with HIV infection: is there any new diagnostic test?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Arnaiz de las Revillas ◽  
Vicente Gonzalez-Quintanilla ◽  
Jose Antonio Parra ◽  
Enrique Palacio ◽  
Claudia Gonzalez-Rico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Introduction: To analyze the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Methods Prospective cohort study of HIV positive patients who underwent to intimate thickness (IMT) determination and coronary artery calcium score to determine subclinical atherosclerosis. To detect endothelial dysfunction breath holding index, flow mediated dilation and concentration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) were measured. Results Patients with an IMT ≥ 0.9 mm had an average of 559.3 ± 283.34 CD4/µl and those with an IMT < 0.9 mm 715.4 ± 389.92 CD4/µl (p = 0.04). Patients with a low calcium score had a significantly higher average of CD4 cells value and lower zenith viral load than those with a higher score (707.7 ± 377.5 CD4/µl vs 477.23 ± 235.7 CD4/µl (p = 0.01)) and (7x104 ± 5x104 c/ml vs 23.4 x 104 ± 19 x 104 c /ml (p = 0.02). Early EPCs concentration in patients with a CD4 nadir < 350/ul was lower than concentration among those presenting a CD4 nadir ≥ 350 (p = 0.03). Conclusion In HIV positive patients low CD4 cells levels and high viral load were associated to a higher risk of developing subclinical atherosclerosis.HIV patients with less CD4 cells may have fewer early EPCs.

Abnormal liver function and synthetic estrogens

JAMA ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 194 (8) ◽  
pp. 933-933
Author(s):  
H. B. Eisenstadt
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Abnormal Liver Function ◽  
Synthetic Estrogens

Alpha 1 Anti Trypsin Levels in Asymptomatic Patients with Abnormal Liver Function Tests

Endoscopy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Egan ◽  
S Sarwar ◽  
M Anwar ◽  
C O'Morain ◽  
B Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Abnormal Liver Function ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients

Update in management of hepatitis B in pregnancy and prevention of mother to child hepatitis B transmission

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Naichaya Chamroonkul
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
World Population ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child

Even with two decades of widespread using hepatitis B vaccination, chronic hepatitis B remains a major global health problem. In Thailand, the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection was down from 8 - 10% in last decade to 5% recently. Failure to control mother to child transmission is one of the important barriers to the total elimination of hepatitis B infection from world population. In the majority, vertical transmission can be prevented with a universal screening program, immunoprophylaxis by administration of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) for babies born to mothers with HBV. However, in mothers with a high viral load, the chance of immunoprophylaxis failure remains high. To date, there are standard recommendations by all international liver societies including AASLD, EASL and APASL suggest introducing an antiviral agent during the third trimester to CHB pregnant women with a high viral load. Previous US FDA pregnancy category B agents such as Tenofovir and Telbivudine are allowed through all trimesters of pregnancy and are effective for prevention of mother to child transmission. Breastfeeding for patients who receive antiviral agents can be allowed after a risk-benefit discussion with the patient and family.

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