Analysis of genetic and environmental sources of variation in serum cholesterol in Tecumseh, Michigan: II. The role of education, occupation, and income

1975 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Orr ◽  
Charles F. Sing ◽  
Walter D. Block
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Sources Of Variation

Co-operation as a Conditional Strategy among Peers: Influence of Social Ecology and Kin Relations

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. LaFreniere
Keyword(s):  
Peer Relations ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Conditional Strategy ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
Kin Relations ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Developmental Significance ◽  
The Relationship

The goal of this study is to analyse sources of variation, residing within the individual or within the relationship, in the ability to balance co-operative and competitive behaviours in a dyadic context. The ability to balance these two tendencies can be considered fundamental to successful adaptation within a social unit because co-operation may be essential in raising offspring, competing with other groups or in generating resources, whereas egoistic behaviour may protect the individual from exploitation or otherwise enhance reproductive success. Research is reviewed on the influence of social structures and relationships on co-operation in peer groups, and the origin and developmental significance of individual differences in co-operative abilities. Finally, a research programme investigating the conjunction of kin and peer relations is described, emphasising the role of affective synchrony, behavioural contingency, and reciprocity in shaping and sustaining co-operative behaviour as a conditional strategy.

Lp(a) lipoprotein concentration in serum of patients with heavy proteinuria of different origin.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2121-2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Karádi ◽  
L Romics ◽  
G Pálos ◽  
J Domán ◽  
I Kaszás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Primary Amyloidosis ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Heavy Proteinuria ◽  
Lipoprotein Concentration ◽  
Different Origin

Abstract We measured serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoprotein Lp(a) concentrations in serum of 37 patients with massive proteinuria of different origin, comparing values with those for age- and sex-matched controls and finding significantly increased Lp(a) concentration in the total group of patients compared with controls. Lp(a) concentration was not correlated with serum cholesterol, triglyceride, serum creatinine, daily urinary protein loss, or selectivity index. Selecting the patients according to their histological diagnosis obtained by renal needle biopsy, we found divergent results in seven patients with minimal change disease (MCD) compared with 11 patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Lp(a) in MCD patients did not differ from that controls (101 +/- 102 and 90 +/- 115 mg/L) and correlated positively with total daily urinary protein loss (r = 0.7962, P less than 0.05). In contrast, the patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis had significantly higher Lp(a) values than the controls (219 +/- 222 mg/L), and Lp(a) concentrations correlated negatively with the daily protein loss in urine (r = -0.6545, P less than 0.05). The most surprising results were the marked Lp(a) concentrations in serum of three patients with primary amyloidosis and nephrosis syndrome. Our results indicate a regulatory role of the kidney in the metabolism of Lp(a) and different effects on the serum Lp(a) concentration, depending on the type of damage to renal tissue.

Population estimation with sparse data: the role of estimators versus indices revisited

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1754-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin S McKelvey ◽  
Dean E Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
Population Estimation ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Closed Population ◽  
Detection Probabilities ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Estimation Models

The use of indices to evaluate small-mammal populations has been heavily criticized, yet a review of small-mammal studies published from 1996 through 2000 indicated that indices are still the primary methods employed for measuring populations. The literature review also found that 98% of the samples collected in these studies were too small for reliable selection among population-estimation models. Researchers therefore generally have a choice between using a default estimator or an index, a choice for which the consequences have not been critically evaluated. We examined the use of a closed-population enumeration index, the number of unique individuals captured (Mt+1), and 3 population estimators for estimating simulated small populations (N = 50) under variable effects of time, trap-induced behavior, individual heterogeneity in trapping probabilities, and detection probabilities. Simulation results indicated that the estimators produced population estimates with low bias and high precision when the estimator reflected the underlying sources of variation in capture probability. However, when the underlying sources of variation deviated from model assumptions, bias was often high and results were inconsistent. In our simulations, Mt+1 generally exhibited lower variance and less sensitivity to the sources of variation in capture probabilities than the estimators.

scholarly journals Parental Influences on Children's Self-Regulation of Energy Intake: Insights from Developmental Literature on Emotion Regulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Frankel ◽  
Sheryl O. Hughes ◽  
Teresia M. O'Connor ◽  
Thomas G. Power ◽  
Jennifer O. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Parental Influences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parent Attachment ◽  
Children's Emotion ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Role Of Parents

The following article examines the role of parents in the development of children's self-regulation of energy intake. Various paths of parental influence are offered based on the literature on parental influences on children's emotion self-regulation. The parental paths include modeling, responses to children's behavior, assistance in helping children self-regulate, and motivating children through rewards and punishments. Additionally, sources of variation in parental influences on regulation are examined, including parenting style, child temperament, and child-parent attachment security. Parallels in the nature of parents' role in socializing children's regulation of emotions and energy intake are examined. Implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Role of Berberis lycium in Reducing Serum Cholesterol in Broilers

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Chand ◽  
F. R. Durrani ◽  
M. S. Qureshi ◽  
Z. Durrani
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Berberis Lycium

Prophylactic Potential of Conventional and Supercritical Garlic Extracts to Alleviate Diet Related Malfunctions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanza A. Awan ◽  
Masood S. Butt ◽  
Faiza Ashfaq ◽  
Hussan Munir ◽  
Hafiz A.R. Suleria
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Antidiabetic Agents ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Maximum Decrease

Objectives: The present research was tailored to explore the prophylactic role of garlic extracts to mitigate some diet related malfunctions. The recent patents regarding antidiabetic agents (US 20140147528 A1) and garlic compositions (US 20110129580 A1) also helped in the study design. </P><P> Methods: Bioevaluation trials were conducted on Sprague Dawley rats by feeding garlic extracts for a period of sixty days. Accordingly, three studies were carried out comprising of normal, hyperglycemic and hypercholesterolemic rats. Drink & feed intakes and weight gain were measured throughout the trial. After sixty days, collected sera from rats were analyzed for serum cholesterol, LDL, HDL & triglyceride levels and glucose & insulin concentrations. Finally, the data obtained were subjected to statistical modeling. </P><P> Results: Results concerning the bioevaluation trials revealed that maximum 12.39% reduction was observed in serum cholesterol in Study III (hypercholesterolemic rats) on the provision of garlic supercritical extract (nutraceutical diet) followed by 10.24% decline in rats fed on solvent extract supplemented diet (functional diet). Regarding LDL, maximum decrease (17.02%) was recorded on the administration of diet having garlic supercritical extract to the hypercholesterolemic rats. While in Study II (hyperglycemic rats) maximum decrease of 11.03% in glucose level was recorded in rats fed on supercritical extract containing diet. In the same group maximum increase in insulin (7.95%) was recorded. </P><P> Conclusions: From the current investigations, it can be concluded that garlic based designer foods possess the prophylactic perspectives to alleviate the risk of metabolic ailments. Thus, it can be used in the diet based therapeutic interventions as an adjuvant to pharmaceuticals.

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