Direct and Indirect Effects of Sleep Hygiene on Student Athlete Mental Health

The World Health Organization has described poverty as the greatest cause of suffering on earth. This article considers the direct and indirect effects of relative poverty on the development of emotional, behavioural and psychiatric problems, in the context of the growing inequality between rich and poor. The problems of children in particular are reviewed. Targets to reduce inequality have been set both nationally and internationally.

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Exploring the Protective Role of Sex Work Social Cohesion in Contexts of Violence and Criminalisation: A Case Study with Gender-Diverse Sex Workers in Jamaica

Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_5 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 79-94

Author(s):

Carmen H. Logie ◽

Ying Wang ◽

Patrick Lalor ◽

Kandasi Levermore ◽

Davina Williams

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Sex Work ◽

Social Cohesion ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Sexual Practices ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Gender Diverse

AbstractBackground: Sex work social cohesion (SWSC) is associated with reduced HIV vulnerabilities, yet little is known of its associations with mental health or violence. This is particularly salient to understand among gender-diverse sex workers who may experience criminalisation of sex work and same-gender sexual practices. This chapter explores SWSC and its associations with mental health and violence among sex workers in Jamaica.Methods: In collaboration with the Sex Work Association of Jamaica (SWAJ) and Jamaica AIDS Support for Life, we implemented a cross-sectional survey with a peer-driven sample of sex workers in Kingston, Montego Bay, and Ocho Rios. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was conducted to examine direct and indirect effects of SWSC on depressive symptoms and violence (from clients, intimate partners, and police), testing the mediating roles of sex work stigma and binge drinking. SWAJ developed an in-depth narrative of the lived experiences of a sex worker germane to understanding SWSC.Results: Participants (N = 340; mean age: 25.77, SD = 5.71) included 36.5% cisgender men, 29.7% transgender women, and 33.8% cisgender women. SEM results revealed that SWSC had significant direct and indirect effects on depressive symptoms. Sex work stigma partially mediated the relationship between SWSC and depressive symptoms. The direct path from SWSC to reduced violence was significant; sex work stigma partially mediated this relationship.Implications: Strengths-focused strategies can consider the multidimensional role that social cohesion plays in promoting health and safety among sex workers to further support the ways in which sex workers build community and advocate for rights.

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Group Differences in the Psychological Integration Path of the Rural-to-Urban Migrants: A Conditional Process Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182111463 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (21) ◽

pp. 11463

Author(s):

Liu Yang ◽

Qinyao Wu

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Comparison ◽

Migrant Workers ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Process Model ◽

Perceived Discrimination ◽

Process Analysis ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Psychological Integration

At present, income and welfare inequality between migrant workers and urban natives has improved in China, but there are still many “semi-urbanized” migrant workers, whose psychological integration into the migrant city is very important for their mental health. By using a second stage conditional process model to decompose the effect of income on psychological integration into direct and indirect effects, this study explores the different psychological integration paths of migrant workers in different migration ranges, based on the data of the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS). The results show that the total effect of income on psychological integration is positive, and the value of inter-provincial samples is twice that of full samples. There is a significant difference in psychological integration paths between inter-provincial and intra-provincial samples, and when social comparison acts as a mediator, income has no direct effect on psychological integration of intra-provincial samples, while the direct and indirect effects of inter-provincial samples account for half of each other. Perceived discrimination played a reversed moderated role in the effect of social comparison on psychological integration, i.e., the lower the degree of perceived discrimination, the stronger the positive effect of social comparison on psychological integration, and vice versa. Therefore, according to the actual needs of different groups, relevant policies should be gradually adjusted to improve the psychological integration of migrant workers, thus contributing to their mental health.

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