Study on the small strain shear modulus of saturated sand-fines mixtures by bender element test

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Ruan ◽  
Yu Miao ◽  
Ke Cheng ◽  
Er-lei Yao
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Small Strain ◽  
Saturated Sand ◽  
Bender Element ◽  
Small Strain Shear Modulus ◽  
Bender Element Test

Bender Element Measurement for Small-Strain Shear Modulus of Compacted Loess

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 04021063
Author(s):  
Fangtong Wang ◽  
Dianqing Li ◽  
Wenqi Du ◽  
Chia Zarei ◽  
Yong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Small Strain ◽  
Bender Element ◽  
Small Strain Shear Modulus ◽  
Compacted Loess

Bender Element Test and Numerical Simulation of Sliding Zone Soil with Gravels of Huangtupo Landslide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Small Strain ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Bender Element ◽  
Gravel Content ◽  
Consolidation Pressure ◽  
Bender Element Test ◽  
Sliding Zone

<p>In order to study the effect of the different consolidation pressure, loading-unloading path and gravel content on the shear modulus of the small strain of sliding zone soil, a set of consolidation bender element test device was developed. The device consists of three parts: a consolidation system, a deformation measuring system, and a shear wave testing system. The consolidation system is composed of a traditional consolidation instrument and the plexiglass cylinder box. The sample is cylindrical in shape and has a size of 50 mm×50 mm. The consolidation displacement is measured by a digital display micrometer. Shear wave testing system is a wave velocity measurement system made of piezoelectric ceramic. The experimental results show that the device can control the consolidation pressure and measure the vertical deformation, measure the shear wave velocity of the sliding zone soil in real-time, and then study the variation rule of the small strain shear modulus of the sliding zone soil with gravels. The shear modulus of the sliding zone soil increases with an increase in the consolidation pressure. The shear modulus of the unloading of sliding zone soil is larger than that of loading. Under the loading pressure of 200 kPa and 400 kPa, the shear modulus of the sliding zone soil first decreases and then increases with an increase in the gravel content. In the process of unloading, the shear modulus of the sliding zone soil increases with an increase in the gravel content. </p>

Measurement of small-strain shear modulus Gmax of dry and saturated sands by bender element, resonant column, and torsional shear tests

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1426-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ung Youn ◽  
Yun-Wook Choo ◽  
Dong-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Small Strain ◽  
Resonant Column ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bender Element ◽  
Small Strain Shear Modulus ◽  
Torsional Shear ◽  
Saturated Sands

The bender element method is an experimental technique used to determine the small-strain shear modulus (Gmax) of a soil by measuring the velocity of shear wave propagation through a sample. Bender elements have been applied as versatile transducers to measure the Gmax of wet and dry soils in various laboratory apparatuses. However, certain aspects of the bender element method have yet to be clearly specified because of uncertainties in determining travel time. In this paper, the bender element (BE), resonant column (RC), and torsional shear (TS) tests were performed on the same specimens using the modified Stokoe-type RC and TS testing equipment. Two clean sands, Toyoura and silica sands, were tested at various densities and mean effective stresses under dry and saturated conditions. Based on the test results, methods of determining travel time in BE tests were evaluated by comparing the results of RC, TS, and BE tests. Also, methods to evaluate Gmax of saturated sands from the shear-wave velocity (Vs) obtained by RC and BE tests were investigated by comparing the three sets of test results. Biot’s theory on frequency dependence of shear-wave velocity was adopted to consider dispersion of a shear wave in saturated conditions. The results of this study suggest that the total mass density, which is commonly used to convert Gmax from the measured Vs in saturated soils, should not be used to convert Vs to Gmax when the frequency of excitation is 10% greater than the characteristic frequency (fc) of the soil.

scholarly journals A semi-empirical relationship for the small-strain shear modulus of soft clays

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Vashish Taukoor ◽  
Cassandra J. Rutherford ◽  
Scott M. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Effective Stress ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Small Strain ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Bender Element ◽  
Stress History ◽  
Small Strain Shear Modulus ◽  
Semi Empirical

The small-strain shear modulus (Gmax) is a soil property that has many practical applications. The authors compiled a database of Gmax measurements for 40 normally consolidated to slightly overconsolidated low to high plasticity clays. Using these data, the authors propose a semi-empirical relationship between Gmax, effective stress (σ'v or σ'c), preconsolidation stress (σ'p) and in-situ void ratio (e0) for four ranges of plasticity index (Ip): Ip < 30%, 30% ≤ Ip < 50%, 50% ≤ Ip < 80% and 80% ≤ Ip < 120%. With results from bender element tests on a Gulf of Mexico clay subjected to multiple load-unload consolidation loops, the authors were able to validate the proposed relationships for 30% ≤ Ip < 50% and 50% ≤ Ip < 80%. The proposed relationship for 30% ≤ Ip < 50% and 50% ≤ Ip < 80% captures changes in laboratory Gmax resulting from variations in effective stress (σ'c), maximum past stress (σ'v,max), and void ratio. The proposed relationships are a simple and efficient tool that can provide independent insight on Gmax if the stress history of a clay is known, or on stress history if Gmax is known.

scholarly journals Optimizing modified triaxial testing for small strain zone using local displacement transducers and bender element for cement-treated soft soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akmal Putera ◽  
Noriyuki Yasufuku ◽  
Adel Alowaisy ◽  
Ahmad Rifai
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Strain Range ◽  
Small Strain ◽  
Secant Modulus ◽  
Bender Element ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Local Displacement ◽  
Settlement Behavior ◽  
Bender Element Test

The settlement behavior is a common problem on the railway structure that can be optimized by applying cement-treated soil as ground restoration. However, the application of a high cement mixing content needs a proper estimation that can be achieved by adjusting the element testing. The strain measurement devices can estimate the deformation characteristics, such as secant modulus, Poisson ratio, and shear modulus that can describe the settlement behavior and stiffness of cement-treated soil. This research is focused on a static analysis of triaxial consolidated undrained (CU¯) testing that is improved by the axial and radial local displacement transducer (LDT) and bender element to increase the accuracy of measurement results. Furthermore, the secant modulus and shear modulus is more accurate when the combination of radial and axial LDT is used due to a small strain range. Lastly, the shear modulus measurement is improved by using a filler in the cement-treated soil for the bender element test. To conclude, this system of testing for the static condition can be utilized for the dynamic condition, because the measurement shows a reliable result for a small strain range which is the parameter of the dynamics condition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document