Long term trend in aerosol direct radiative effects over Indian Ocean region from multi- satellite observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 994-1003
Author(s):  
Subin Jose ◽  
N. B Lakshmi ◽  
S. Suresh Babu
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Indian Ocean Region ◽  
Radiative Effects ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
Long Term Trend

Long-term trend and spatiotemporal variations of haze over China by satellite observations from 1979 to 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 362-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingying Zhang ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Weihe Wang ◽  
Dongjie Cao ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variations ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Long Term Trend

China and India in the Indian Ocean Region

China Report ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Uday Bhaskar
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean Region ◽  
China And India ◽  
Naval Power ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Future Outcomes ◽  
Dependency Index

China and India have divergent political ideologies, characteristics, aspirations, anxieties, and hence their strategic perceptions and orientations differ. Their strategic interaction in southern Asia has for its backdrop the 1962 border conflict. In terms of maritime security, the Pacific–Indian Ocean continuum has become the centre of gravity post-9/11 with both China and India having long-term growth trajectories in terms of naval power, a process skewed in favour of the PLA Navy (PLAN). Cognisance of the maritime dependency index for energy and anxieties about secure sea-lines of communication (SLOC) by China and India give rise to a ‘Malacca dilemma’ and a ‘Hormuz dilemma’ respectively. The firm belief at the politico-military apex that Beijing’s future strategic profile and relevance is inexorably linked with its naval capability gives the PLAN a steadily increasing footprint in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). Active political engagements and long-term port investments in the IOR by Beijing, though presented as benign, trigger concerns in India. These equations are influenced by a three-tiered strategic subalternity in Asia between the US (and its allies), China and India. The manner in which contested territoriality between the Asian neighbours will be resolved is the key on which future outcomes depend. While this may point towards China acquiring a military edge in the IOR, for India prudence, restraint and capacity-building remain vital.

scholarly journals Analysis of Segmented Sea level Time Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
Alberto Boretti
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Break Point ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Long Term Trend

Records of measurements of sea levels from tide gauges are often “segmented”, i.e., obtained by composing segments originating from the same or different instruments, in the same or different locations, or suffering from other biases that prevent the coupling. A technique is proposed, based on data mining, the application of break-point alignment techniques, and similarity with other segmented and non-segmented records for the same water basin, to quality flag the segmented records. This prevents the inference of incorrect trends for the rate of rise and the acceleration of the sea levels for these segmented records. The technique is applied to the four long-term trend tide gauges of the Indian Ocean, Aden, Karachi, Mumbai, and Fremantle, with three of them segmented.

scholarly journals Sea Surface Salinity Change since 1950: Internal Variability Versus Anthropogenic Forcing

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiwei SUN ◽  
Yan DU ◽  
Shang-Ping XIE ◽  
Yuhong ZHANG ◽  
Minyang WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Internal Variability ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Salinity ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Western Tropical Pacific ◽  
Long Term Trend

AbstractUsing an eastern tropical Pacific pacemaker experiment called the Pacific Ocean–Global Atmosphere (POGA) run, this study investigated the internal variability in sea surface salinity (SSS) and its impacts on the assessment of long-term trends. By constraining the eastern tropical Pacific sea surface temperature variability with observations, the POGA experiment successfully simulated the observed variability of SSS. The long-term trend in POGA SSS shows a general pattern of salty regions becoming saltier (e.g., the northern Atlantic) and fresh regions becoming fresher, which agrees with previous studies. The 1950-2012 long-term trend in SSS is modulated by the internal variability associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). Due to this variability, there are some regional discrepancies in the SSS 1950–2012 long-term change between POGA and the free-running simulation forced with historical radiative forcing, especially for the western tropical Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean. Our analysis shows that the tropical Pacific cooling and intensified Walker Circulation caused the SSS to increase in the western tropical Pacific and decrease in the southeastern Indian Ocean during the 20-year period of 1993–2012. This decadal variability has led to large uncertainties in the estimation of radiative-forced trends on a regional scale. For the 63-year period of 1950–2012, the IPO caused an offset of ∼40% in the radiative-forced SSS trend in the western tropical Pacific and ∼170% enhancement in the trend in the southeastern Indian Ocean. Understanding and quantifying the contribution of internal variability to SSS trends help improve the skill for estimates and prediction of salinity/water cycle changes.

NAEP Trends: Main NAEP vs. Long-Term Trend

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert E. Beaton ◽  
James R. Chromy
Keyword(s):  
Term Trend ◽  
Long Term Trend
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