What enables the “meritocratic power” of a college degree? Changing labor market outcomes of first-generation college graduates in post-revolution China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Hao Dong ◽  
Xiaoguang Fan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
First Generation ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
College Degree ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
First Generation College

Double Disadvantage or Blessing in Disguise? Understanding the Relationship Between College Major and Employment Sector

2005 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josipa Roksa
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
College Major ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
College Majors ◽  
College Degrees ◽  
Employment Sector

Although college graduates earn substantial labor market rewards, not all college degrees are rewarded equally. Graduates who majored in female-dominated fields earn substantially lower incomes than do graduates who majored in male-dominated fields. Income differentials that are associated with different types of college majors are extensively noted but poorly understood. This article advances the previous literature by examining how college major affects the labor market outcomes of college graduates through its relationship with employment sector. The results show that graduates of female-dominated fields are disproportionately employed in public and nonprofit organizations, which offer lower monetary rewards but facilitate access to professional and managerial positions. Notably, college major and employment sector interact in ways that reduce income penalties and enhance the occupational location of graduates of female-dominated fields who work in public and nonprofit settings. These findings highlight the importance of considering organizational context in the study of labor market outcomes, particularly when examining the gendered character of educational credentials and occupations.

scholarly journals Has Migration Been Beneficial for Migrants and Their Children?

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina V. Zuccotti ◽  
Harry B. G. Ganzeboom ◽  
Ayse Guveli
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
Western European ◽  
First And Second Generation

The study compares the social mobility and status attainment of first-and second-generation Turks in nine Western European countries with those of Western European natives and with those of Turks in Turkey. It shows that the children of low-class migrants are more likely to acquire a higher education than their counterparts in Turkey, making them more educationally mobile. Moreover, they successfully convert this education in the Western European labor market, and are upwardly mobile relative to the first generation. When comparing labor market outcomes of second generations relative to Turks in Turkey, however, the results show that the same level of education leads to a higher occupation in Turkey. The implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals C's Get Degrees and Degrees lead too…Healthier Mental Health? The Effect of Cultural and Social Capital on Mental Health

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
First Generation ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
College Degree ◽  
Social And Cultural Capital ◽  
First Generation College ◽  
Mental Well Being

Does social and cultural capital have beneficial outcomes that extend to the mental well-being of First Generation College graduates? Obtaining higher levels of educational degrees is known to produce positive rewards in lifestyle, opportunities, and income. Educational mobility is directly linked to social mobility. As one climbs the social ladder, one builds a broader network of people to rely on. This study analyzes 2010-2014 General Social Survey (GSS) data to report on the relationship between first-generation graduate status and self-reported days of mental health among 1654 non-institutionalized respondents in the U.S. All the parents of the respondents in the subset did not have a college degree of any kind. I hypothesize that among individuals whose parents do not have a college degree, first-generation college graduates (FGCG) are more likely to report less days of poor mental health than respondents with no college degree. The results support the hypothesis. Being a FGCG decreases the amount of days of poor mental well-being. In this study I make the connection that acquiring social and cultural capital is an effect of FGCG status. However, age appears to have a significant effect on the number of days of poor mental health, as well. I suggest reasons for this finding in the discussion.

scholarly journals Changes in Early Labor Market Outcomes among Young College Graduates in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 688 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-136
Author(s):  
Jaesung Choi ◽  
Hannah Bae
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
South Korea ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
College Entrance ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Critical Policy ◽  
Over Time

The unemployment rate among youths (age 20–29) in South Korea has increased sharply from 6.6 percent in 2002 to 9.8 percent in 2016. At the same time, the college entrance rate remains around 70 percent, and skill mismatch among college goers is a critical policy concern. Little attention has been paid to temporal change in labor market outcomes among college graduates or to the kinds of graduates who are particularly vulnerable to labor market uncertainty. We investigate how labor market experiences for college graduates have changed over time using data from nine different graduating cohorts of the Graduate Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS). The results reveal that the proportion of those searching for a job has increased over time, and that even for those who were employed, job quality deteriorated. We also find a growing gap in labor market outcomes by reputation of graduating universities and college major.

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