scholarly journals Reply to “HPV vaccine requirements, opt-outs and providers’ support: key studies missing from a recent systematic review”

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rosaria Gualano ◽  
Gianluca Voglino ◽  
Roberta Siliquini
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Recent Systematic Review

Gestural Facilitation in Treatment of Apraxia of Speech

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Anastasia M. Raymer ◽  
Beth McHose ◽  
Kimberly Graham
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Cognitive System ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Recent Systematic Review ◽  
Training Paradigm ◽  
Limb Apraxia ◽  
Speech Treatment ◽  
Verbal Production

Purpose: Luria (1970) proposed the use of intersystemic reorganization to use an intact system to facilitate improvements in a damaged cognitive system. In this article, we review literature examining the effects of gesture as a modality to promote reorganization to improve verbal production in apraxia of speech and anomia. Methods: A gestural facilitation training paradigm is described and results of a recent systematic review of apraxia of speech treatment are reviewed. The interplay between apraxia of speech and anomia are considered in response to gestural facilitation training. Results & Conclusions: Gestural facilitation effects are strongest in individuals with moderate apraxia of speech. Several factors appear to mitigate the effects of gestural facilitation for verbal production, including severe apraxia of speech and semantic anomia. Severe limb apraxia, which often accompanies severe apraxia of speech, appears to be amenable to gestural treatment, providing improvements in gesture use for communication when verbal production gains are not evident.

scholarly journals Stakeholders’ Understandings of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Rapid Qualitative Systematic Review

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Caroline Deignan ◽  
Alison Swartz ◽  
Sara Cooper ◽  
Christopher J. Colvin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Gender

Cervical cancer rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are amongst the highest worldwide. All three of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines (9-valent, quadrivalent and bivalent HPV vaccine) provide primary protection against the most common cancer-causing strains of HPV (types 16 and 18) that are known to cause 70% of cervical cancers. Over the last five years, there has been an increase in Sub-Saharan African countries that have introduced the HPV vaccine. The majority of research has been conducted on supply-side barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination uptake in SSA, yet little research has been conducted on demand-side or end-user perspectives of, and decisions around, HPV vaccination. In order to complement existing research, and inform current and future HPV vaccination implementation approaches, this qualitative systematic review explored Stakeholders’ understandings of HPV vaccination in SSA. This review searched the following databases: Embase (via Scopus), Scopus, MEDLINE (via PubMed), PubMed, EBSCOhost, Academic Search Premier, Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) and found a total of 259 articles. Thirty-one studies were found eligible for inclusion and were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s methods for conducting a thematic analysis. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Three major themes emerged from this analysis; knowledge of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer is intertwined with misinformation; fear has shaped contradictory perceptions about HPV vaccination and gender dynamics are relevant in how stakeholders understand HPV vaccination in SSA.

EP.TU.637To Resect or Not to Resect? Incidental Meckel’s Diverticulum at Colon Cancer Resection

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashwat Mishra ◽  
Graham Martin ◽  
Ashim Chowdhury ◽  
Biju Aravind
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Loop Ileostomy ◽  
Meckel’S Diverticulum ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Right Hemicolectomy ◽  
Meckel's Diverticulum ◽  
Elective Resection ◽  
Recent Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Resection ◽  
Colon Cancer Resection

Abstract Case An 85-year-old man underwent elective resection for a large proximal transverse colon tumour. At the time of this open extended right hemicolectomy, a Meckel’s diverticulum was identified in the ileum, but not resected considering the age and character of the diverticulum. However, on the sixth post-operative day, he developed small bowel obstructive symptoms which required a reoperation. It was found that the cause of obstruction was identified as a long pedunculated Meckel’s diverticulum wrapped 15 centimetres proximal to the anastomosis. Considering the general condition of the patient and co-morbidities, resection of the Meckel’s diverticulum and loop ileostomy was performed. The patient has now recovered and is being followed up in the community awaiting stoma reversal. Background Occurring in 2% of the population, Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common congenital gastrointestinal malformation. Complications of a Meckel’s diverticulum include obstruction, haemorrhage, perforation, diverticulitis and intussusception. Most complications manifest in childhood and are less likely to occur in adults. The indication for resection of incidental Meckel’s diverticula in an adults is still debated amongst surgeons. Discussion and Conclusion This case demonstrates an unfortunate scenario of a post-operative complication from an abnormality detected at the time of the index surgery. A recent systematic review has shown that evidence in literature remains controversial for resection in asymptomatic Meckel’s Diverticulum. There are even scoring systems to facilitate decisions in such situations. This case offers an interesting perspective where morbidity may have been reduced if resection was undertaken.

A Recent Systematic Review on Simulation Modeling and Emergency Departments

2019 ◽  
pp. 1232-1264
Author(s):  
Soraia Oueida ◽  
Seifedine Kadry ◽  
Pierre Abi Char
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Recommended Care ◽  
Recent Systematic Review ◽  
Increase Patient Satisfaction ◽  
System Review

Healthcare, being a complex and huge system, suffers from low quality of care delivered to arriving patients. The quality of care depends on the patient's condition and the availability of hospital's resources. Therefore, many authors have studied the problems faced by such systems and emphasized in their articles the importance of a system review for better performance. In healthcare, different departments interact with each other in order to deliver a certain service to arriving patients and provide the recommended care. In particular, the emergency department (ED) is proven to be the busiest unit of the hospital; thus, the exiting problems and recommended solutions are highlighted in this study by a literature systematic review. The main goal of this article is to study the problems that EDs face nowadays and how simulation modeling can interfere in order to alleviate these problems, propose corresponding solutions and increase patient satisfaction.

scholarly journals What Does Urban Transformation Look Like? Findings from a Global Prize Competition

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Maassen ◽  
Madeleine Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Epistemic Community ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Recent Systematic Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Prize Competition ◽  
Recent Initiative ◽  
Over Time

Different disciplines are grappling with the concept of ‘urban transformation’ reflecting its planetary importance and urgency. A recent systematic review traces the emergence of a normative epistemic community that is concerned with helping make sustainable urban transformation a reality. Our contribution to this growing body of work springs out of a recent initiative at the World Resources Institute, namely, the WRI Ross Prize for Cities, a global award for transformative projects that have ignited sustainable changes in their city. In this paper we explain the competition-based approach that was used to source transformative initiatives and relate our findings to existing currents in urban transformation scholarship and key debates. We focus on one of the questions at the heart of the normative urban transformation agenda: what does urban transformation look like in practice? Based on an analysis of the five finalists, we describe urban transformation as encompassing a plurality of contextual and relative changes, which may progress and accelerate positively, or regress over time. An evaluative approach that considers varying ‘degrees’ and ‘types’ of urban transformation is proposed to establish meaning within single cases and across several cases of urban transformation.

scholarly journals Benefits and harms of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines: comparison of trial data from clinical study reports with corresponding trial register entries and journal publications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Jørgensen ◽  
Peter C. Gøtzsche ◽  
Tom Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Trial Register ◽  
Journal Publications ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Clinical Study Reports

Abstract Background No study has looked at differences of pooled estimates—such as meta-analyses—of corresponding study documents of the same intervention. In this study, we compared meta-analyses of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine trial data from clinical study reports with trial data from corresponding trial register entries and journal publications. Methods We obtained clinical study reports from the European Medicines Agency and GlaxoSmithKline, corresponding trial register entries from ClinicalTrials.gov and corresponding journal publications via the Cochrane Collaboration’s Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar and PubMed. Two researchers extracted data. We compared reporting of trial design aspects and 20 prespecified benefit and harm outcomes extracted from each study document type. Risk ratios were calculated with the random effects inverse variance method. Results We included study documents from 22 randomized clinical trials and 2 follow-up studies with 95,670 healthy participants and non-HPV vaccine comparators (placebo, HPV vaccine adjuvants and hepatitis vaccines). We obtained 24 clinical study reports, 24 corresponding trial register entries and 23 corresponding journal publications; the median number of pages was 1351 (range 357 to 11,456), 32 (range 11 to 167) and 11 (range 7 to 83), respectively. All 24 (100%) clinical study reports, no (0%) trial register entries and 9 (39%) journal publications reported on all six major design-related biases defined by the Cochrane Handbook version 2011. The clinical study reports reported more inclusion criteria (mean 7.0 vs. 5.8 [trial register entries] and 4.0 [journal publications]) and exclusion criteria (mean 17.8 vs. 11.7 and 5.0) but fewer primary outcomes (mean 1.6 vs. 3.5 and 1.2) and secondary outcomes (mean 8.8 vs. 13.0 and 3.2) than the trial register entries. Results were posted for 19 trial register entries (79%). Compared to the clinical study reports, the trial register entries and journal publications contained 3% and 44% of the seven assessed benefit data points (6879 vs. 230 and 3015) and 38% and 31% of the 13 assessed harm data points (167,550 vs. 64,143 and 51,899). No meta-analysis estimate differed significantly when we compared pooled risk ratio estimates of corresponding study document data as ratios of relative risk. Conclusion There were no significant differences in the meta-analysis estimates of the assessed outcomes from corresponding study documents. The clinical study reports were the superior study documents in terms of the quantity and the quality of the data they contained and should be used as primary data sources in systematic reviews. Systematic review registration The protocol for our comparison is registered on PROSPERO as an addendum to our systematic review of the benefits and harms of the HPV vaccines: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPEROFILES/56093_PROTOCOL_20180320.pdf: CRD42017056093. Our systematic review protocol was registered on PROSPERO on January 2017: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPEROFILES/56093_PROTOCOL_20170030.pdf. Two protocol amendments were registered on PROSPERO on November 2017: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPEROFILES/56093_PROTOCOL_20171116.pdf. Our index of the HPV vaccine studies was published in Systematic Reviews on January 2018: 10.1186/s13643-018-0675-z. A description of the challenges obtaining the data was published on September 2018: 10.1136/bmj.k3694.

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