Identifying and Treating Anxiety in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder/Intellectual Developmental Disorder: A Review

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder that begins early in childhood and lasts throughout a person’s life. Autism is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Lack of social interaction, communication problems, and a limited range of behaviors and interests are possible characteristics of autism in children, alongside other symptoms. Electroencephalograms provide useful information about changes in brain activity and hence are efficaciously used for diagnosis of neurological disease. Eighteen nonlinear features were extracted from EEG signals of 40 children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and 37 children with no diagnosis of neuro developmental disorder children. Feature selection was performed using Student’s t test, and Marginal Fisher Analysis was employed for data reduction. The features were ranked according to Student’s t test. The three most significant features were used to develop the autism index, while the ranked feature set was input to SVM polynomials 1, 2, and 3 for classification. The SVM polynomial 2 yielded the highest classification accuracy of 98.70% with 20 features. The developed classification system is likely to aid healthcare professionals as a diagnostic tool to detect autism. With more data, in our future work, we intend to employ deep learning models and to explore a cloud-based detection system for the detection of autism. Our study is novel, as we have analyzed all nonlinear features, and we are one of the first groups to have uniquely developed an autism (ASD) index using the extracted features.

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Prenatal Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Fetal Cortisol Exposure Predicts Child ASD Symptoms

Clinical Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/2167702618811079 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 349-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sheena Ram ◽

Mariann A. Howland ◽

Curt A. Sandman ◽

Elysia Poggi Davis ◽

Laura M. Glynn

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Developmental Disorder ◽

Maternal Plasma ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Sexually Dimorphic ◽

Fetal Exposure ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

The Social ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

The etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is multifactorial, complex, and likely involves interactions among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. With respect to environmental influences, a growing literature implicates intrauterine experiences in the origin of this pervasive developmental disorder. In this prospective longitudinal study, we examined the hypothesis that fetal exposure to maternal cortisol may confer ASD risk. In addition, because ASD is four times more prevalent in males than in females, and because sexually dimorphic responses to intrauterine experiences are commonly observed, we examined whether or not any associations differ by fetal sex. Maternal plasma cortisol was measured at 15, 19, 25, 31, and 37 weeks’ gestation in a sample of 84 pregnant women. ASD symptoms were assessed in their 5-year-old children with the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). Fetal exposure to lower levels of maternal cortisol was associated with higher levels of ASD symptoms only among boys. The observed hypocortisolemic profile exhibited by these mothers may indicate a risk factor that precedes the stress of caregiving for a child with ASD and may not be solely a consequence of the stress of caregiving, as previously thought. These findings confirm the value of examining prenatal hormone exposures as predictors of ASD risk and support the premise that altered prenatal steroid exposures may play a role in the etiology of ASD.

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The Association between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Pre- and Postnatal Antibiotic Exposure in Childhood—A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16204042 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (20) ◽

pp. 4042 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eunmi Lee ◽

Jeonghyun Cho ◽

Ka Young Kim

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Developmental Disorder ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Antibiotic Exposure ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Meta Analyses

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that begins in early childhood and has been associated with several environmental and genetic factors. We aimed to conduct two-side meta-analyses to determine the association between ASD and pre- and postnatal antibiotic exposure in childhood. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for articles published up to February 2019. We evaluated observational studies that assessed the association between ASD and antibiotic exposure. Of 1459 articles, nine studies were used in the meta-analysis. We found that early antibiotic exposure, including pre- and postnatal, significantly increased the ASD risk in children. Furthermore, early antibiotic exposure, including pre- and postnatal, was significantly increased in children with ASD. Specifically, prenatal antibiotic exposure was significantly increased in children with ASD; however, postnatal antibiotic exposure was not. Our results indicate an association between ASD and early antibiotic exposure; specifically, that prenatal antibiotic exposure is an important risk factor of ASD in children.

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Neonatal jaundice in association with autism spectrum disorder and developmental disorder

Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1038/s41372-019-0452-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 219-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christina Cordero ◽

Laura A. Schieve ◽

Lisa A. Croen ◽

Stephanie M. Engel ◽

Anna Maria Siega-Riz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Neonatal Jaundice ◽

Developmental Disorder ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder

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A Comparison of DSM-IV Pervasive Developmental Disorder and DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder Prevalence in an Epidemiologic Sample

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.021 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 500-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Young Shin Kim ◽

Eric Fombonne ◽

Yun-Joo Koh ◽

Soo-Jeong Kim ◽

Keun-Ah Cheon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Pervasive Developmental Disorder ◽

Developmental Disorder ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Dsm Iv

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Parent Training Program for Autism Spectrum Disorder During The Covid-19 Pandemic Period in Indonesia

Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya ◽

10.20473/jps.v9i2.19123 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Ina Dewi Ardiyani ◽

Nining Febriyana ◽

Yunias Setiawati ◽

Royke Tony Kalalo

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Early Intervention ◽

Social Interaction ◽

Parent Training ◽

Developmental Disorder ◽

Primary Caregivers ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Treatment Service ◽

Parent Training Program

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder that shows difficulties in communication, social interaction, behavior, interests and activities that are limited and repetitive. The prevalence of ASD also continues to increase worldwide, followed by an increase in the need for early intervention in ASD children. The limited services available make early intervention a challenge in itself. The long Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in limited therapy, because therapy in treatment service facilities cannot be carried out as before. In this case it is important to involve parents as the primary caregivers for ASD children in interventions to anticipate the limited interventions due to a pandemic situation. Parent Training can be done as an effort to provide information, education, and skills to parents so that they can provide intensive, comprehensive, sustainable, and early intervention.

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