Variation in susceptibility of Eucalyptus grandis and selected hybrid clones to two termite species Macrotermes bellicosus and M. subhyalinus in Uganda

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is an influence of different clonal hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla on the carbon concentration and amount in below-ground biomass in trees cultivated in Oxisol, Brazil. Stumps and roots of three different eucalypt hybrid clones, AEC 0144, AEC 0223, and VM01, were selected, weighed immediately after being removed from the ground, and sampled for carbon determination and moisture content at the laboratory. The Shapiro-Wilk and Bartlett tests were used to evaluate data distribution and the homogeneity of variances, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) complemented by the Scott-Knott test was used to evaluate the effects of specie/hybrid on the below-ground biomass (dry matter) and carbon amount per stump. The hybrid type of Eucalyptus urophylla does not influence the carbon concentration; however, there is a difference in below-ground biomass production and carbon amount with it being higher for Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus camaldulensis when compared to the species Eucalyptus urophylla and hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis.

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IBA AND MICROCUTTING COLLECTIONS IN THE MICROPROPAGATION OF Eucalyptus spp HYBRID CLONES.1

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/1806-90882017000600005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Ricardo Gallo ◽

Aloisio Xavier ◽

Luciana Coelho de Moura ◽

Brener de Almeida Oliveira ◽

Heloisa Rocha do Nascimento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Seedling Height ◽

Seedling Vigor ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Ex Vitro ◽

Semisolid Medium ◽

Hybrid Clones

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the effect of IBA concentrations and microcuttings successive collections in the micropropagation of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla and Eucalyptus urophylla x E. globulus clones. Clumps containing six to eight buds of clones established in vitro were transferred to a 250 mL glass flask in JADS semisolid medium. Successive collections were performed every 20 days for Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla clone and every 30 days for Eucalyptus urophylla x E. globulus clone. The following variables were evaluated under in vitro conditions: number of shoots > 0.5 cm, number of microcuttings > 2 cm, length of the longest microcutting, and shoots vigor. Under ex vitro conditions, in the greenhouse and shade house, the following variables were evaluated: seedling height, percentage of survival, stem diameter, percentage of root observed at the lower end of the tube, and seedling vigor. In full sun (ex vitro), the following variables were analyzed: seedling height, stem diameter, survival, number of roots, root volume, seedling vigor, and shoot and root dry matter. Good in vitro microcuttings productivity was observed over the successive collections. IBA levels were adjusted for each clone, ranging from 0.25 to 0.50 mg L-1 for Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla clone, and from 0.75 to 1.0 mg L-1 for Eucalyptus urophylla x E. globulus clone. IBA concentrations led to residual effects under ex vitro conditions, providing good rooting and survival for Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla and Eucalyptus urophylla x E. globulus clones at IBA concentrations between 0.25 and 0.50 mg L-1 and between 0.50 and 1.0 mg L-1, respectively.

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ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC STABILITY OF MICROPROPAGATED Eucalyptus globulus Labill HYBRID CLONES BY MEANS OF FLOW CYTOMETRY AND MICROSATELLITES MARKERS

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/1806-90882017000100014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Leandro Silva Oliveira ◽

Aloisio Xavier ◽

Wagner Campos Otoni ◽

José Marcello Salabert Campos ◽

Lyderson Facio Viccini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Genetic Stability ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Genetic Fidelity ◽

Shoot Multiplication ◽

Micropropagated Plants ◽

Hybrid Clones

ABSTRACT Flow cytometry and microsatellite markers were used to determine a genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants from the two Eucalyptus urophylla x E. globulus clones and a Eucalyptus grandis x E. globulus clone derived from adult material. Clones were repeatedly subcultured for 25 subcultures on MS medium supplemented with BA (2.22 µM) and ANA (0.05 µM) for in vitro shoot multiplication. The elongation was performed in MS culture medium supplemented with AIB (2.46 µM) and BA(0.22 µM). The ex vitro rooting and acclimatization phases were lead at the same time. The micropropagated clones showed genetic stability by flow cytometry and microsatellite markers. The results proved that micropropagation, for purposes of rejuvenation, can be a viable technique to generate genetically stable or identical E. globulus hybrid clones.

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Use of the proteomic tool MALDI-TOF MS in termite identification

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-04574-0 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bouthaina Hasnaoui ◽

Adama Zan Diarra ◽

Jean-Michel Berenger ◽

Hacène Medkour ◽

Ahmed Benakhla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionization Mass ◽

Laser Desorption Ionization ◽

Termite Species ◽

Maldi Tof Ms ◽

Maldi Tof ◽

Promising Tool ◽

Macrotermes Bellicosus ◽

Amitermes Evuncifer ◽

Macrotermes Herus ◽

Tof Ms

AbstractMatrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has proved effective for the identification of many arthropods. A total of 432 termite specimens were collected in Mali, Cote d’Ivoire, Togo, Senegal, Switzerland and France. Morphologically, 22 species were identified, including Ancistrotermes cavithorax, Amitermes evuncifer, Cryptotermes brevis, Cubitermes orthognathus, Kalotermes flavicollis, Macrotermes bellicosus, Macrotermes herus, Macrotermes ivorensis, Macrotermes subhyalinus, Microcerotermes parvus, Microtermes sp., Odontotermes latericius, Procubitermes sjostedti, Promirotermes holmgreni, Reticulitermes grassei, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Reticulitermes santonensis, Trinervitermes geminatus, Trinervitermes occidentalis, Trinervitermes togoensis, Trinervitermes sp., Trinervitermes trinervoides and Trinervitermes trinervius. Analysis of MALDI-TOF MS spectra profiles from termites revealed that all were of high quality, with intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity. Blind testing of the spectra of 389 termites against our updated database with the spectra of 43 specimens of different termite species revealed that all were correctly identified with log score values (LSVs) ranging from 1.65 to 2.851, mean 2.290 ± 0.225, median 2.299, and 98.4% (383) had LSVs > 1.8. This study is the first on the use of MALDI-TOF for termite identification and shows its importance as a tool for arthropod taxonomy and reinforces the idea that MALDI-TOF MS is a promising tool in the field of entomology.

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Termites (Blattodea Latreille 1810, Termitoidae Latreille 1802) of Abuko Nature Reserve, Nyambai Forest Park and Tanji Bird Reserve (The Gambia)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects10050122 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 122

Author(s):

Abdoulaye Baila Ndiaye ◽

Ebrima Njie ◽

Paul A. Correa

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

The Gambia ◽

Western Region ◽

Termite Species ◽

Forest Park ◽

Ecological Information ◽

Macrotermes Bellicosus ◽

Amitermes Evuncifer

From 28 October to 5 November 2013, a termite study was undertaken in 3 protected sites in The Gambia (West Africa). The aim of the study is to investigate the diversity of termites in three protected areas in the western region of the country. Termite sampling is carried out in 100 m × 2 m transects that are replicated three (3) times in each site. A total of thirty-one (31) termite species, that belong to fungus growing (11), harvester (1), humuvorous (12) and xylophagous (7), were recorded. The following nineteen (19) species are new to The Gambia: Coptotermes intermedius, Astalotermes near quietus, Ancistrotermes cavithorax, Macrotermes bellicosus, Microtermes grassei, M. lepidus, M. subhyalinus, Odontotermes erraticus, O. pauperans, O. sudanensis, Basidentitermes sp., Euchilotermes tensus arcuata, Noditermes cristifrons, Amitermes evuncifer, Amitermes spinifer, Microcerotermes fuscotibialis, Microcerotermes near parvulus, Microcerotermes near solidus and Promirotermes holmgreni. Additional description and/or ecological information on Odontotermes erraticus, Cubitermes severus, Cubitermes n. proximatus, Euchilotermes tensus arcuata, Basidentitermes sp., and Noditermes cristifrons are given.

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Comparative susceptibility of Macrotermes bellicosus and Trinervitermes occidentalis (Isoptera: Termitidae) to entomopathogenic nematodes from Benin

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00002800 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 719-727 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lionel Zadji ◽

Hugues Baimey ◽

Lionel Zadji ◽

Hugues Baimey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Tests ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Penetration Rate ◽

Differential Susceptibility ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Termite Species ◽

Heterorhabditis Indica ◽

Show Evidence ◽

Macrotermes Bellicosus ◽

Comparative Susceptibility

The differential susceptibility of two termite species, Macrotermes bellicosus and Trinervitermes occidentalis, to four entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) isolates from Benin, Heterorhabditis indica Ayogbe1, H. sonorensis Azohoue2, H. sonorensis Ze3 and Steinernema sp. Bembereke, was bio-assayed in laboratory tests. Soldiers of both M. bellicosus and T. occidentalis were similarly susceptible, but more susceptible than workers. Forty-eight h post-exposure of workers of M. bellicosus to 50 infective juveniles (IJ) of H. indica Ayogbe1, H. sonorensis Azohoue2, H. sonorensis Ze3 and Steinernema sp. Bembereke for each termite resulted in 96.3, 87.9, 94.5 and 75.0% mortality, respectively, whereas under the same conditions, these EPN isolates caused 91.7, 98.5, 75.0 and 95.0% mortality of workers of T. occidentalis. Soldiers of M. bellicosus were the most invaded with 13.2-18.6% of applied IJ. Based on concentration-mortality data, the isolates H. indica Ayogbe1 and H. sonorensis Ze3 were more virulent to M. bellicosus with LC50 values of 11 IJ, whereas Steinernema sp. Bembereke was the most virulent to T. occidentalis with LC50 values of 12 IJ. However, none of these isolates showed the highest penetration rate. All tested EPN isolates can recycle in both M. bellicosus and T. occidentalis. Our EPN repellent-dispersing assay did not show evidence that M. bellicosus and T. occidentalis would be able to detect the presence of IJ of any EPN isolates/species. However, it was observed that nematode dispersal occurred by infected termites or phoresis.

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EFFECT OF SPACING ON INITIAL GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF EUCALYPTUS IN A SYSTEMIC “FAN-SHAPED” DESIGN

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v51i1.67390 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 099

Author(s):

Priscila Sales Rodrigues Aquino ◽

Mauro Eloi Nappo ◽

Renato Vinícius Oliveira Castro ◽

Kálita Luis Soares ◽

Mirella Basileu de Oliveira Lima

Keyword(s):

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Production Plant ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Economic Implications ◽

Plant Densities ◽

And Cluster Analysis ◽

Hybrid Clones ◽

Descriptive Statistical Analysis

Considering the importance of optimizing forest production, plant spacing is one of the most relevant silvicultural practices, as it holds ecological, silvicultural, and economic implications to the final product. Therefore, this study set out to assess the influence of spacing on the initial growth and production variables of hybrid clones of Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake x Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden planted in a Nelder (fan-shaped) design. Plant densities ranged from 0.50 m² to 41.25 m² in area-per-plant. Variables such as total height, diameter, and volume were observed at 16, 24, and 36 months. A descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and cluster analysis of averages were used to evaluate the effect of spacing on the variables in question. Different spacings were found to exert significant influences on growth in height, diameter, and volume.

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Phylogeny and Pathogenicity of Celoporthe Species from Plantation Eucalyptus in Southern China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-12-17-2002-re ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (10) ◽

pp. 1915-1927 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wen Wang ◽

QianLi Liu ◽

GuoQing Li ◽

FeiFei Liu ◽

ShuaiFei Chen

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequence ◽

Southern China ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Stem Canker ◽

Undescribed Species ◽

Sequence Comparisons ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Eucalyptus Plantation ◽

Hybrid Clones

The family of Cryphonectriaceae (Diaporthales) includes many important tree pathogens, such as those that cause severe cankers on Eucalyptus trees. Recently, stem canker and cracked bark were observed on 8-year-old Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla trees in a plantation in southern China. Fruiting structures typical of Cryphonectriaceae fungi were observed on the surface of the diseased tissues. In this study, the isolated fungi were identified based on DNA sequence analyses and morphological characteristics, and their pathogenicity was tested on three Eucalyptus clones. DNA sequence comparisons of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions (including the intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene), two regions of β-tubulin (BT2/BT1), and partial translation elongation factor1-α (TEF-1α), indicated that these isolates represent Celoporthe syzygii and one previously undescribed species. The undescribed species was also morphologically distinct from the other species of Celoporthe. The new species was described and named C. cerciana sp. nov. The results of this study based on the ITS, BT2/BT1, and TEF-1α sequences indicated that more than one haplotype was isolated from the same Eucalyptus tree. The findings of a previous study, whereby C. eucalypti was isolated from the same plantation as that of this study, revealed the high species diversity of Celoporthe within a single plantation, which is associated with a single Eucalyptus sp. in southern China. The results further suggested that hybridization may occur between C. syzygii and C. eucalypti. In addition to the Eucalyptus trees, C. syzygii was also isolated from native Melastoma candidum in the same Eucalyptus plantation. The inoculation results showed that these fungi isolated from E. grandis × E. urophylla and M. candidum are pathogenic to all three tested E. grandis hybrid clones. Significant differences in tolerance were observed between the tested Eucalyptus clones, suggesting that disease-tolerant Eucalyptus genotypes can be selected for disease management.

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Correlations between Eucalyptus Clonal Cutting Quality and Performance after Planting

Floresta e Ambiente ◽

10.1590/2179-8087.016316 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Fábio Afonso Mazzei Moura de Assis Figueiredo ◽

José Geraldo Araújo Carneiro ◽

Ricardo Miguel Penchel ◽

José Tarcísio Lima Thiebaut ◽

Jupiter Israel Muro Abad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Height Ratio ◽

And Performance ◽

Cutting Height ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

Hybrid Clones ◽

Over Time

ABSTRACT This study assessed correlations of different characteristics of cuttings in the nursery of three hybrid clones of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla and growth in height after planting. The characteristic that presented greatest correlation with the initial growth was the canopy height and cutting height ratio. At 12 and 24 months in the field, the stem diameter was more important. The parameters assessed in the nursery that correlated positively with growth in the field at three and six months after planting were height, number of leaf pairs, number of root deformations and clod length. At 12 and 24 months the parameters that correlated negatively were diameter, number of leaf pairs and the number of root deformations. Despite presenting significant correlation, root deformations did not interfere in the initial growth of the plants under high rainfall conditions, but the effects became harmful over time resulting in a reduction in plant growth.

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CRESCIMENTO DE CLONES DE EUCALIPTO EM DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES MICROCLIMÁTICAS E LÂMINAS DE ÁGUA NO SUBSTRATO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2016v21n1p104-118 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Sandro Dan Tatagiba ◽

José Eduardo Macedo Pezzopane ◽

Jonas Souza Vinco ◽

Andé Alves Pinheiro

Keyword(s):

Water Availability ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Water Levels ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Evaporative Demand ◽

Eucalyptus Forest ◽

Forest Production ◽

Microclimatic Conditions ◽

Hybrid Clones

Crescimento de clones de eucalipto em diferentes CONDIÇÕES MICROCLIMÁTICAS E lÂMINAS DE ÁGUA NO SUBSTRATO sandro dan tatagiba1; JOSÉ EDUARDO MACEDO PEZZOPANE2; JONAS SOUZA VINCO3 E ANDRÉ ALVES PINHEIRO4 1Engenheiro Agrônomo, Pós-doutorando do Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, CCA-UFES, Jerônimo Monteiro-ES, 29550-000, [email protected] Florestal, Professor Adjunto do Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, CCA-UFES, Jerônimo Monteiro-ES, 29550-000, [email protected] em Engenharia Florestal, Bolsista de Iniciação Científica do Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, CCA-UFES, Jerônimo Monteiro-ES, 29550-000,[email protected] em Engenharia Agronômica, Bolsista de Iniciação Científica do Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, CCA-UFES, Jerônimo Monteiro-ES, 29550-000,[email protected] 1 Resumo A importância de se conhecer os efeitos dos fatores climáticos que afetam o estabelecimento de diferentes procedências de eucalipto e suas implicações está relacionada ao sucesso ou fracasso da produção florestal. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o crescimento inicial de quatro clones comerciais do híbrido Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla submetidos a diferentes condições microclimáticas, impostas pela alteração na demanda evaporativa atmosférica em casas de vegetação climatizada, associada à disponibilidade hídrica no substrato, de modo a subsidiar a seleção precoce desses materiais genéticos para estabelecimento em áreas com diferentes condições ambientais. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 4x3x2, sendo o fator clone em quatro níveis (Clones 1, 2, 3, e 4), o fator microclima em três níveis (Microclima 1, 2 e 3) e o fator disponibilidade hídrica em dois níveis [50 e 100% de água disponível (AD) no substrato], num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que o clone 4, apresentou maior crescimento no microclima 1 (baixa demanda evaporativa atmosférica). No microclima 2, em condições de intermediária demanda evaporativa atmosférica, os clones 2 e 3 apresentaram maior crescimento. No microclima 3, a alta demanda evaporativa da atmosférica atuou como um fator estressante sob baixa disponibilidade hídrica no substrato, não permitindo diferenciar o clone com maior crescimento. O aumento da disponibilidade hídrica em condições de alta demanda evaporativa atmosférica, proporcionou maior crescimento ao clone 3. Palavras-chave: clima, deficiência hídrica, Eucalyptus, produção florestal. TATAGIBA, S. D.; PEZZOPANE, J. E. M.; VINCO, J. S.; PINHEIRO, A. A.INITIAL GROWTH OF EUCALYPTUS HYBRID CLONES SUBJECT TO DIFFERENT MICROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND WATER LEVELS IN SOIL 2 Abstract The importance of understanding the effects of climatic factors affecting the establishment of different provenances of Eucalyptus and its implications is related to the success or failure of forest production. Thus, we sought to investigate, in this work, the initial growth of four commercial hybrid clones of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla under different microclimatic conditions, imposed by changes in atmospheric evaporative demand in air-conditioned houses vegetation associated with water availability in the substrate in order to support the early selection of these genetic materials to establish in areas with different environmental conditions. The experiment was a factorial 4 x 3 x 2, and the clone factor at four levels (Clones 1, 2, 3, and 4), microclimate factor in three levels (Microclimate 1, 2 and 3) and the availability factor water at two levels (50 and 100% of available water (AW) in the substrate) in a completely randomized design with four replications. According to the results, four clones had a greater increase in the microclimate 1, low evaporative demand of air, regardless of the water requirement imposed on the substrate. Microclimate 2, under conditions of intermediate atmospheric evaporative demand, clones 2 and 3 had higher growth. In the microclimate 3, the high atmospheric evaporative demand acted as a stressor under low water availability in the substrate (50% of AW), not allowing the differentiation of the genetic material with higher growth. However, the increase in water availability (100% AW) under conditions of high evaporative demand of air, provided greater growth to clone 3. Keywords: climate, water stress, Eucalyptus, forest production.

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