scholarly journals Mammalian Fat and Dachsous cadherins regulate apical membrane organization in the embryonic cerebral cortex

2009 ◽  
Vol 185 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Ishiuchi ◽  
Kazuyo Misaki ◽  
Shigenobu Yonemura ◽  
Masatoshi Takeichi ◽  
Takuji Tanoue
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Apical Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Membrane Organization ◽  
A Cell

Compartmentalization of the plasma membrane in a cell is fundamental for its proper functions. In this study, we present evidence that mammalian Fat4 and Dachsous1 cadherins regulate the apical plasma membrane organization in the embryonic cerebral cortex. In neural progenitor cells of the cortex, Fat4 and Dachsous1 were concentrated together in a cell–cell contact area positioned more apically than the adherens junction (AJ). These molecules interacted in a heterophilic fashion, affecting their respective protein levels. We further found that Fat4 associated and colocalized with the Pals1 complex. Ultrastructurally, the apical junctions of the progenitor cells comprised the AJ and a stretch of plasma membrane apposition extending apically from the AJ, which positionally corresponded to the Fat4–Dachsous1-positive zone. Depletion of Fat4 or Pals1 abolished this membrane apposition. These results highlight the importance of the Fat4–Dachsous1–Pals1 complex in organizing the apical membrane architecture of neural progenitor cells.

scholarly journals SEPT7 Interacts with KIF20A and Regulates the Proliferative State of Neural Progenitor Cells During Cortical Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 3030-3043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runxiang Qiu ◽  
Qiu Runxiang ◽  
Anqi Geng ◽  
Jiancheng Liu ◽  
C Wilson Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Additional Cell ◽  
A Cell

Abstract Balanced proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are critical for brain development, but how the process is regulated and what components of the cell division machinery is involved are not well understood. Here we report that SEPT7, a cell division regulator originally identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, interacts with KIF20A in the intercellular bridge of dividing NPCs and plays an essential role in maintaining the proliferative state of NPCs during cortical development. Knockdown of SEPT7 in NPCs results in displacement of KIF20A from the midbody and early neuronal differentiation. NPC-specific inducible knockout of Sept7 causes early cell cycle exit, precocious neuronal differentiation, and ventriculomegaly in the cortex, but surprisingly does not lead to noticeable cytokinesis defect. Our data uncover an interaction of SEPT7 and KIF20A during NPC divisions and demonstrate a crucial role of SEPT7 in cell fate determination. In addition, this study presents a functional approach for identifying additional cell fate regulators of the mammalian brain.

Mesenchymal stromal cells from umbilical cord Wharton's jelly trigger oligodendroglial differentiation in neural progenitor cells through cell-to-cell contact

Cytotherapy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 829-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron Oppliger ◽  
Marianne S. Joerger-Messerli ◽  
Cedric Simillion ◽  
Martin Mueller ◽  
Daniel V. Surbek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Wharton's Jelly

scholarly journals Neural Progenitor Cells in Cerebral Cortex of Epilepsy Patients do not Originate from Astrocytes Expressing GLAST

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Chen ◽  
Till B. Puschmann ◽  
Ulrika Wilhelmsson ◽  
Charlotte Örndal ◽  
Marcela Pekna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor

scholarly journals Dual Role of Rbpj in the Maintenance of Neural Progenitor Cells and Neuronal Migration in Cortical Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 6444-6457
Author(s):  
Alexander I Son ◽  
Shahid Mohammad ◽  
Toru Sasaki ◽  
Seiji Ishii ◽  
Satoshi Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Dual Role

Abstract The development of the cerebral cortex is directed by a series of methodically precise events, including progenitor cell proliferation, neural differentiation, and cell positioning. Over the past decade, many studies have demonstrated the critical contributions of Notch signaling in neurogenesis, including that in the developing telencephalon. However, in vivo evidence for the role of Notch signaling in cortical development still remains limited partly due to the redundant functions of four mammalian Notch paralogues and embryonic lethality of the knockout mice. Here, we utilized the conditional deletion and in vivo gene manipulation of Rbpj, a transcription factor that mediates signaling by all four Notch receptors, to overcome these challenges and examined the specific roles of Rbpj in cortical development. We report severe structural abnormalities in the embryonic and postnatal cerebral cortex in Rbpj conditional knockout mice, which provide strong in vivo corroboration of previously reported functions of Notch signaling in neural development. Our results also provide evidence for a novel dual role of Rbpj in cell type-specific regulation of two key developmental events in the cerebral cortex: the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of neural progenitor cells, and the radial and tangential allocation of neurons, possibly through stage-dependent differential regulation of Ngn1.

scholarly journals Efficient Transduction of Feline Neural Progenitor Cells for Delivery of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Using a Feline Immunodeficiency Virus-Based Lentiviral Construct

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Joann You ◽  
Ping Gu ◽  
Jinmei Wang ◽  
Tianran Song ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Glial Cell ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Degenerative Disease ◽  
Before And After ◽  
A Cell

Work has shown that stem cell transplantation can rescue or replace neurons in models of retinal degenerative disease. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) modified to overexpress neurotrophic factors are one means of providing sustained delivery of therapeutic gene products in vivo. To develop a nonrodent animal model of this therapeutic strategy, we previously derived NPCs from the fetal cat brain (cNPCs). Here we use bicistronic feline lentiviral vectors to transduce cNPCs with glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) together with a GFP reporter gene. Transduction efficacy is assessed, together with transgene expression level and stability during induction of cellular differentiation, together with the influence of GDNF transduction on growth and gene expression profile. We show that GDNF overexpressing cNPCs expand in vitro, coexpress GFP, and secrete high levels of GDNF protein—before and after differentiation—all qualities advantageous for use as a cell-based approach in feline models of neural degenerative disease.

c‐Myc controls the fate of neural progenitor cells during cerebral cortex development

2019 ◽  
Vol 235 (4) ◽  
pp. 4011-4021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu‐Li Wang ◽  
Yan‐Xia Ma ◽  
Ren‐Jie Xu ◽  
Jin‐Jin Ma ◽  
Hong‐Cheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Cerebral Cortex Development

scholarly journals Roots of the Malformations of Cortical Development in the Cell Biology of Neural Progenitor Cells

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Ossola ◽  
Nereo Kalebic
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Malformations Of Cortical Development ◽  
Brain Functions

The cerebral cortex is a structure that underlies various brain functions, including cognition and language. Mammalian cerebral cortex starts developing during the embryonic period with the neural progenitor cells generating neurons. Newborn neurons migrate along progenitors’ radial processes from the site of their origin in the germinal zones to the cortical plate, where they mature and integrate in the forming circuitry. Cell biological features of neural progenitors, such as the location and timing of their mitoses, together with their characteristic morphologies, can directly or indirectly regulate the abundance and the identity of their neuronal progeny. Alterations in the complex and delicate process of cerebral cortex development can lead to malformations of cortical development (MCDs). They include various structural abnormalities that affect the size, thickness and/or folding pattern of the developing cortex. Their clinical manifestations can entail a neurodevelopmental disorder, such as epilepsy, developmental delay, intellectual disability, or autism spectrum disorder. The recent advancements of molecular and neuroimaging techniques, along with the development of appropriate in vitro and in vivo model systems, have enabled the assessment of the genetic and environmental causes of MCDs. Here we broadly review the cell biological characteristics of neural progenitor cells and focus on those features whose perturbations have been linked to MCDs.

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