Rab-mediated membrane trafficking and the control of epithelial cell polarity

Development of cell polarity requires apical trafficking of podocalyxin; yet the regulation of its transport is unclear. In this issue, Mrozowska and Fukuda (2016. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201512024) demonstrate that different sets of Rabs and Rab effectors are used to regulate podocalyxin trafficking in two- versus three-dimensional model systems.

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Move your microvilli

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.201409059 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 207 (1) ◽

pp. 9-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert S. Fischer

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Epithelial Cell ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Cell Polarity ◽

Apical Membrane ◽

Apical Surface ◽

Epithelial Cell Polarity ◽

Cell Biol ◽

Polarized Epithelial Cells

Polarized epithelial cells create tightly packed arrays of microvilli in their apical membrane, but the fate of these microvilli is relatively unknown when epithelial cell polarity is lost during wound healing. In this issue, Klingner et al. (2014. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201402037) show that, when epithelial cells become subconfluent, actomyosin contractions locally within the apical cortex cause their microvilli to become motile over the dorsal/apical surface. Their unexpected observations may have implications for epithelial responses in wound healing and disease.

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Apical transport of Crumbs maintains epithelial cell polarity

10.1101/592311 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M Aguilar-Aragon ◽

G Fletcher ◽

BJ Thompson

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cell ◽

Cell Polarity ◽

Membrane Trafficking ◽

Apical Cell ◽

Motor Protein ◽

Follicular Epithelium ◽

Binding Motif ◽

Myosin V ◽

Epithelial Cell Polarity ◽

Apical Localization

AbstractCrumbs (Crb in Drosophila; CRB1-3 in mammals) is a transmembrane determinant of epithelial cell polarity and a regulator of Hippo signalling. Crb is normally localized to apical cell-cell contacts, just above adherens junctions, but how apical trafficking of Crb is regulated in epithelial cells remains unclear. We use the Drosophila follicular epithelium to demonstrate that polarized trafficking of Crb is mediated by transport along microtubules by the motor protein Dynein and along actin filaments by the motor protein Myosin-V (MyoV). Blocking transport of Crb-containing vesicles by Dynein or MyoV leads to accumulation of Crb within Rab11 endosomes, rather than apical delivery. The final steps of Crb delivery and stabilisation at the plasma membrane requires the exocyst complex and three apical FERM domain proteins – Merlin, Moesin and Expanded – whose simultaneous loss disrupts apical localization of Crb. Accordingly, a knock-in deletion of the Crb FERM-binding motif (FBM) also impairs apical localization. Finally, overexpression of Crb challenges this system, creating a sensitized background to identify components involved in cytoskeletal polarization, apical membrane trafficking and stabilisation of Crb at the apical domain.

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Organoide

10.5771/9783748908326 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Interdisciplinary Research ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Model Systems ◽

Gene Technology ◽

Dimensional Model ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Legal Questions ◽

Wide Debate ◽

Academy Of Sciences

Organoids are developed from stem cells and serve as three-dimensional model systems for different organs. They have great potential for research and medicine, but also raise philosophical, ethical and legal questions which have rarely been discussed in Germany so far. This thematic study by the interdisciplinary research group (IAG) Gene Technology Report at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities offers an overview of current scientific developments, their present and potential application, as well as epistemological, ethical and legal reflections. Hereby, the IAG wants to provide impetus for an interdisciplinary and society-wide debate on this general subject. With contributions by Cantas Alev, Aileen-Diane Bamford, Sina Bartfeld, Andreia S. Batista-Rocha, Ali H. Brivanlou, Thomas Burgold, Cindrilla Chumduri, Stephan Clemens, Emrecan Dilmen, Tobias Erb, Fred Etoc, Melinda B. Fagan, Heiner Fangerau, Boris Fehse, Nina Frey, Tristan Frum, Anne Grapin-Botton, Navin Gupta, Jürgen Hampel, Ferdinand Hucho, Özge Kayisoglu, Rashmiparvathi Keshara, Yung Hae Kim, Bon-Kyoung Koo, Martin Korte, Yaroslav Koshelev, Kai Kretzschmar, Allison Lewis, Lilian Marx-Stölting, Fruzsina Molnár-Gábor, Ryuji Morizane, Stefan Mundlos, Paola Nicolas, Angela Osterheider, In-Hyun Park, Anja Pichl, Sandra Pilat-Carotta, Jens Reich, Marlen Reinschke, Hannah Schickl, Silke Schicktanz, Nicolas Schlegel, Jason R. Spence, Yoshiaki Tanaka, Jochen Taupitz, Isaree Teriyapirom, Margherita Y. Turco, Jörn Walter, Eva Winkler, Martin Zenke.

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Control of Meloidogyne incognita in three-dimensional model systems and pot experiments by the attract-and-kill effect of furfural acetone

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-07-20-1501-re ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wanli Cheng ◽

Zhen Chen ◽

Li Zeng ◽

Xue Yang ◽

Dian Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Large Scale ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Control Agent ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Model Systems ◽

Dimensional Model ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Moist Sand ◽

Attract And Kill

Meloidogyne incognita causes large-scale losses of agricultural crops worldwide. The natural metabolite furfural acetone has been reported to attract and kill M. incognita, but whether the attractant and nematicidal activities of furfural acetone on M. incognita function simultaneously in the same system, especially in three dimensions or in soil, is still unknown. Here, we used 23% pluronic F-127 gel and a soil simulation device to demonstrate that furfural acetone has a significant attract-and-kill effect on M. incognita in both three-dimensional model systems. At 24 h, the chemotaxis index and corrected mortality of nematodes exposed to 60 mg/mL furfural acetone in 23% pluronic F-127 gel were as high as 0.82 and 74.44%, respectively. Soil simulation experiments in moist sand showed that at 48 h, the chemotaxis index and corrected mortality of the nematode towards furfural acetone reached 0.63 and 82.12%, respectively, and the effect persisted in the presence of tomato plants. In choice experiments, nematodes selected furfural acetone over plant roots and were killed subsequently. In pot studies, furfural acetone had a control rate of 82.80% against M. incognita. Collectively, these results provide compelling evidence for further investigation of furfural acetone as a novel nematode control agent.

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