scholarly journals COMPARATIVE HISTOLOGIC AND IMMUNOLOGIC STUDIES IN RABBITS OF INDUCED HYPERSENSITIVITY OF THE SERUM SICKNESS TYPE

1955 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick G. Germuth ◽  
Mary Geraldine Pace ◽  
Jack C. Tippett
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Serum Sickness ◽  
Foreign Protein ◽  
Bovine Albumin ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Peak Incidence ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Tissue Alteration ◽  
Antigen Antibody

Sensitization of rabbits with bovine albumin and the cross-reactive antigen, egg albumin, increased the rate of bovine albumin elimination following its intravenous administration. Elimination of this antigen was complete in 7 and 10 days respectively instead of approximately 2 weeks as in unsensitized normal animals. The peak incidence of allergic tissue alteration was proportionately accelerated. Certain qualitative and quantitative differences between the histologic responses of the sensitized and unsensitized rabbits were noted. These differences were probably due to the shorter period of antigen-antibody interaction in the sensitized animals in which the antigen was quickly eliminated. The temporal relationship between the histologic and immunologic responses in sensitized animals adds further support to the hypothesis that the lesions which occur after the injection of foreign protein are the result of antigen-antibody combination.

scholarly journals THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF CORTISONE IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERSENSITIVITY

1953 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick G. Germuth
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Serum Sickness ◽  
Bovine Albumin ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Circulating Antibody

Cortisone markedly suppressed the cardiovascular and renal lesions of serum sickness type hypersensitivity which ordinarily develop following the intravenous injection of bovine albumin. The inhibitory effect of cortisone on the allergic granulomatous lesions of the spleen was less striking; the lesions were less extensive, but the percentage of animals affected was unchanged. Cortisone in the dosage employed had no effect on the elimination of antigen following its intravenous administration or on the appearance of circulating antibody. These findings indicate that inhibition of the lesions of serum sickness by cortisone does not depend on the suppression of antibody production. Therefore, it is inferred that cortisone somehow protects the animal from the damaging effects of antigen-antibody union.

scholarly journals Novel Immune Microlens Imaging for Detection of Antigen and Antibody

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jiahui Liang ◽  
Xiaotian Ye ◽  
Jiang He ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Yaoxiong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antibody Reaction ◽  
Antigen Antibody

Detection and analysis of antigen-antibody reaction is one of the most critical detection techniques in the fields of medicine, biology, environmental science, and food safety. Traditional and classical methods for detecting antigen and antibody encounter many problems, such as time-consuming, high cost, and low accuracy. A novel immune microsphere imaging technique by the microlens is used to test the changes of refractive index before and after antigen-antibody reaction. It can quickly perform qualitative and quantitative determination for antigen-antibody reaction without any labeling, premodification, postwashing, and expensive enzymes. Here, we feature and discuss its principle and advantages, structure of a microlens immunoassay instrument, and potential in measuring clinical samples. It is promising to be developed for application to diagnosis of clinical diseases.

scholarly journals THE PATHOLOGIC EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUSLY ADMINISTERED SOLUBLE ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES

1960 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baruj Benacerraf ◽  
Jacobus L. Potter ◽  
Robert T. McCluskey ◽  
Frederick Miller
Keyword(s):  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Acute Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Antigen Antibody

The intravenous administration to rats of soluble antigen-antibody complexes in antigen excess resulted in acute glomerulonephritis. This occurred with both rabbit antiovalbumin and rabbit anti-BSA systems. The rats so treated regularly showed proteinuria and elevation of blood urea nitrogen. These findings are compared with those reported in rats injected with anti-kidney serum.

scholarly journals SERUM SICKNESS IN RABBITS

1932 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd Jones ◽  
Moyer S. Fleisher
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Sickness ◽  
Other Hand

1. It has not been possible to demonstrate in rabbits affected with serum sickness any constant temporal relationship between precipitin and precipitinogen in the blood on one hand and of occurrence of serum sickness on the other hand. 2. It has not been possible to demonstrate any differences between the precipitin and precipitinogen curves in injected rabbits which develop serum sickness compared with injected rabbits which did not develop serum sickness. 3. There is therefore no evidence that we can directly associate the occurrence of serum sickness with the production or appearance of precipitins.

scholarly journals Quantitative aspects of antigen-antibody reactions. II. Some comparisons between the theory and the experimental results

1946 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Teorell
Keyword(s):  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Law Of Mass Action ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Precipitin Reaction ◽  
Free Antibody ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Free Antigen

The quantitative theory for the interaction between antigen and antibody presented in the previous paper has been compared with some experimental precipitin reactions published in the literature. These reactions include Type VIII pneumococcus polysaccharide-homologous (horse) antibody, egg albumin-(rabbit) anti-egg albumin and diphtheria toxin-(horse) antitoxin.1. The general course of the experimental precipitation curves (total amount of precipitate, amounts of precipitated antigen and antibody) corresponded well to the theoretical type curves. Hence it may be concluded that the precipitates may be composed of mixtures of compounds of the types AG, A2G, A3G, …, ANG in accordance with the law of mass action. In the cases with ‘inhibition zones’, however, AG, or ANG, or both (and perhaps several more compounds) retain the same solubility as the free antigen (G) and free antibody (A).2. With regard to the location of the ‘equivalence zones’, experiment and theory also showed a satisfactory agreement.3. A hypothesis on the velocity of flocculation in the precipitin reaction is presented and compared with some recent results. The relation between the immunological concepts ‘equivalence (neutral) point’, ‘optimum point’ and ‘maximum precipitation point’ is also discussed.

Deposition of circulating antigen-antibody complexes in the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits with chronic serum sickness

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1098-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Accinni ◽  
Jan R. Brentjens ◽  
Boris Albini ◽  
Elena Ossi ◽  
David W. O'Connell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Serum Sickness ◽  
Circulating Antigen ◽  
Antigen Antibody

scholarly journals The Use of Radioactive Antiglobulin for the Detection of Erythrocyte Sensitization

Blood ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLAS COSTEA ◽  
ROBERT SCHWARTZ ◽  
MATTHEW CONSTANTOULAKIS ◽  
WILLIAM DAMESHEK
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Coombs Test ◽  
Bovine Albumin ◽  
Autoimmune Antibodies ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Antigen Antibody

Abstract Red cell sensitization by either agglutinating or incomplete antibodies was detected with an I131 labeled rabbit antihuman globulin serum (RAG). Nonspecific absorption of RAG by red cells was reduced to a minimum by the addition of 6 per cent bovine albumin. The reactions between RAG and the sensitized erythrocytes were typical of antigen-antibody reactions and the sensitivity of the test was found to be greater than the standard Coombs test. Quantitative studies of the degree of erythrocyte sensitization by isoimmune or autoimmune antibodies were possible with this technic.

scholarly journals The Effect of Foreign Protein on the Blood and Reticuloendothelial System of the Hamster

Blood ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILBERT H. FRIEDELL ◽  
JOSEPH D. SHERMAN ◽  
PERRY G. RIGBY
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Immunologic Tolerance ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Foreign Protein ◽  
Immunologic Response ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Abnormal Increase ◽  
Antigen Antibody

Abstract The injection of human plasma into hamsters over a period of 14 to 68 days induced splenomegaly, accompanied histologically by reticuloendothelial hyperplasia, plasmacytosis, increased erythropoiesis and hemosiderosis. These findings suggest both an antigen-antibody response and an abnormal increase in splenic hemolysis. The demonstration of positive erythroagglutination reactions when red cells from plasma-injected hamsters are tested also suggests an immunologic response by these animals. Mild anemia was present in some animals during the course of this study but at the termination of the experiment anemia was not present and the animals were apparently in a compensated state. It is clear that the reticuloendothelial system of the hamster is capable of responding to foreign protein. Apparent immunologic tolerance in this animal should not be attributed to inactivity of the reticuloendothelial system.

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Fish Tissue of Oreochromis Mossambicus Collected from Kedilam River, Cuddalore, Tamilnadu, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyaneswar Bhuyan ◽  
R. Anandhan ◽  
V. Kavitha
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Histological Alteration ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Tissue Alteration ◽  
Regressive Changes

Qualitative and quantitative histological alteration was taken to analyze in fish Oreochromis mossambicus collected from Kedilam River at three stations, which receive mostly industrial effluent and municipal runoff. Histoarchitecture of tissue alteration and percentage of prevalence was used as protocol for analysis. Results showed that number of histological alteration observed in gill like structural alteration of epithelium, epithelial lifting, fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia. In liver blood congestion, regressive changes like degeneration of hepatocytes, vacuolation, and necrosis observed where as in kidney it shows glomerular congestion, tubular degeneration, progressive changes like hypertrophied epithelial cells, haemorrhage in bowman’s space. Among the three stations severe histological alteration and percentage prevalence was observed in order of station 1> station 2 >station 3. Highest histological alteration and percentage of prevalence in three organs of fish o. mossambicus are kidney >gill >liver. The major reason for this histological alteration and contamination of fish is mostly due to industrial effluent. Repeated and continuous monitoring is must needed to protect the aquatic organism.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10141Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 135-141 

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASE OF THE LUNG

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan R. Brentjens ◽  
David W. O'Connell ◽  
Irene B. Pawlowski ◽  
Konrad C. Hsu ◽  
Giuseppe A. Andres
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Immune Complex ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonitis ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Serum Sickness ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Capillary Walls ◽  
Alveolar Capillary

Membranous and/or proliferative pneumonitis, similar in certain features to human interstitial pneumonitis, developed in rabbits making hyperactive antibody response to daily injections of bovine serum albumin (BSA) administered in multiple large doses sufficient to maintain the state of relative antigen-antibody equivalence. The pulmonary lesions were associated with deposition in alveolar capillary walls and interstitium of antigen, host globulin and complement, presumably in immune complexes. In some rabbits chronic interstitial pneumonitis, characterized by thickening of alveolar capillary walls, interstitial fibrosis and deposition of fibrinogen, was observed. The production of immune complex pneumonitis seems to depend on the degree of the antibody response because rabbits developing chronic serum sickness with low doses of BSA, rabbits with acute serum sickness as well as nonresponders showed no pulmonary alterations. This observation is comparable to that described by Dixon in his studies on experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis. It is conceivable that the pulmonary pathology shown here is produced by formation of larger amounts of complexes which may persist longer at critical levels in the circulation than in rabbits immunized with a single daily injection of BSA. In conclusion this study suggests: first, that experimental chronic serum sickness can be used as a model, not only for glomerulonephritis, but also for experimental systemic disease, comparable to human systemic diseases produced by circulating antigen-antibody complexes; and second, that the pathogenesis proposed here offers an alternative to using antilung basement membrane pneumonitis for the experimental approach to the study of human lung immunopathology.

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